氰酸酯树脂/环氧树脂共混物的化学和性能

氰酸酯 (CE)树脂 /环氧 (EP)树脂是一类具有特殊反应活性的树脂混合物。CE/EP的固化物由于自身独特的结构特征 ,是一类性能优异的树脂共混物。重点介绍了CE/EP的反应机理和主要性能。     

氰酸酯树脂／环氧树脂共混物的结构与性能研究

采用原位红外光谱法确定了氰酸酯树脂(CE)/环氧树脂(EP)体系的共固化反应机理,研究了非催化条件下EP含量对产物结构的影响,并且研究了不同配比的CE/EP共混物的结构与性能之间的关系.研究表明,随EP含量的增加,产物中恶唑烷酮含量增加,相应浇注体的冲击性能有明显提高,但弯曲性能略有下降;凝胶点测试表明,EP可以有效促进CE的固化反应.     

二甲苯型氰酸酯/环氧树脂固化体系介电性研究

通过介电性能和吸水率测试研究了二甲苯型氰酸酯(DMBPCN)与环氧树脂(EP)不同配比对其共混体系固化物性能的影响。结果表明,随着DMBPCN用量增加,DMBPCN/EP固化物中极性基团减少,介电性能提高。当DMBPCN添加质量分数为90%时,DMBPCN/EP固化物在沸水中浸泡100 h后吸水率仅为0.64%。MBPCN/EP固化体系的耐水性能和介电性能较常用的双酚A氰酸酯/环氧树脂体系高。     

纳米SiO_2对聚丙烯/环氧树脂共混物性能的影响

采用熔融共混法制备了聚丙烯(PP)/环氧树脂(EP)共混物,研究了纳米SiO2对共混物性能的影响。结果表明:与纯PP相比,PP/EP共混物的冲击强度、断裂伸长率及黏度降低,弯曲模量增大;在PP/EP共混物中加入纳米SiO2后,共混物弯曲模量和冲击强度明显提高;将硅烷偶联剂KH550改性的纳米SiO2(SiO2-KH550)添加到共混物中,在EP为17%、SiO2-KH550为7%时,共混物的弯曲模量比纯PP提高了64%;EP降低了PP的结晶温度。     

环氧树脂/氰酸酯树脂体系的改性研究

为增加环氧树脂/氰酸酯树脂体系(EP/CE)的韧性,向EP/CE树脂体系中引入第三组分——双酚A(BPA)。采用傅里叶转换红外光谱、差式扫描量热仪研究了BPA对EP/CE固化温度与固化机理的影响,测定了固化物的力学性能和耐湿热性。结果表明,BPA的加入改变了EP/CE树脂体系固化历程,引起EP/CE树脂体系固化温度明显下降。BPA在EP/CE树脂体系内可形成大量的—C—O—C—键,与EP/CE树脂体系形成互穿网络,提高了EP/CE的韧性。随着体系中BPA含量的增加,其力学性能提高,吸水率有所下降。当CE∶EP∶BPA质量比为7∶3∶0.75时,其拉伸强度提高27.3%,冲击强度提高34.7%,吸湿率降为1.2%。     

环氧树脂对PVC/ABS共混物性能的影响

研究了固体环氧树脂(EP)对聚氯乙烯(PVC)/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)/EP共混物力学性能和热稳定性的影响,重点考察了EP环氧值和固化剂DDM对共混物性能的影响。结果表明:PVC/ABS/EP共混物表现为脆性断裂;加入DDM后,共混物的拉伸强度明显提高,但冲击性能影响不大;对于PVC/ABS/EP/DDM共混物,随着EP含量的增加,共混物的拉伸强度上升,且环氧值高的EP704对共混物拉伸强度的提高更大;加入2%的低环氧值EP903后,共混物的冲击强度达到最大值,而EP704的加入则对共混物的冲击性能影响不大;环氧树脂的加入在一定程度上削弱了PVC/ABS共混物的热稳定性。     

环氧树脂对聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯共混物的增韧增强研究

利用环氧树脂(EP)与聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)的相容性,考察了EP对共混物PBT/ABS-gGMA性能的影响。采用动态力学分析仪(DMA)、旋转流变仪、Haake流变仪和扫描电镜(SEM)研究共混物的性能。DMA、DSC和旋转流变仪的测试结果表明PBT与EP是相容的;流变性能测试结果表明EP对PBT/ABS-g-GMA共混体系起到增容作用;SEM观察结果发现少量的EP加入对共混物的相形态没有明显影响,分散相在PBT基体中均匀、稳定分散,而过量的EP使共混物中出现一些较大的相区,分散相发生团聚;力学性能测试结果表明适量的EP就能明显提高共混物的冲击性能,而过量的EP又会使共混物的冲击强度下降。     

杂萘联苯聚芳醚酮改性环氧树脂的结构与性能

采用新型耐高温高性能热塑性树脂杂萘联苯聚芳醚酮(PPEK)对环氧树脂(EP)进行共混改性.研究了共混物的结构和热力学性能,并对其增韧机理进行了分析.结果表明,EP/PPEK/4,4'-二氨基二苯砜共混物的热性能得到了提高而断裂韧性整体呈下降趋势.在添加15份PPEK时,共混物的临界应力强度因子(KIC)略有提高,即韧性...     

PA6/PBT共混物的增容改性研究

采用固体环氧树脂(EP)反应增容聚酰胺6/聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PA6/PBT)共混物。结果表明:EP的加入降低了共混物的界面张力,使分散相粒径明显细化;当PA6/PBT=80/20,EP含量为1～1.5份时,共混物的改性效果较好;当PA6用量少于30份或超过70份时,EP的加入可明显提高共混物的冲击性能和拉伸性能;随着EP的加入,共混物的流动性降低。     

动态固化增容聚丙烯/长玻璃纤维复合材料的研究

将动态固化技术应用于热塑性树脂/热固性树脂体系,制备动态固化聚丙烯(PP)/Jg氧树脂(EP)/长玻璃纤维(LGF)共混物.研究动态固化聚丙烯/环氧树脂/玻璃纤维共混物的力学性能和热性能,并用电子扫描显微镜考察共混物的微观形态.试验结果表明:当EP质量含量为4%时,试样的拉伸强度和弯曲强度达到最大值,共混物的弯曲模量随EP含量的增加而增加;在体系中加入EP会降低维卡软化点温度.     

Synthesis of dysprosium/Mn–Cu ferrite binary nanocomposite: Analysis of structural,morphological, dielectric,and optomagnetic properties

Manganese–copper ferrite (MCFO) and dysprosium (Dy)-doped manganese–copper ferrite nanocomposites (Mn_0.5Cu_0.5Dy_xFe_2−xO₄) (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15) were synthesized by sonochemical method. Crystal structure and the structural parameters of the MCFO were analyzed based on the doping concentration of Dy ion. It was observed that the average crystalline size of the synthesized nanocomposite decreases when the concentration of Dy increases. The existing spherical surface morphology of the MCFO and Dy-doped MCFO nanocomposites were obtained through scanning electron microscopy. In the UV spectrum, the pristine MCFO sample showed an absorbance peak at 743 nm whereas the absorbance values of Dy-doped ferrite nanocomposite considerably shifted (blue) toward a lower wavelength (231–222 nm). The dielectric parameters of all ferrite nanocomposites were studied in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 5 MHz. The dielectric spectrum revealed that dielectric constant and loss tangent decreased with increased doping concentration of Dy ion. The saturation magnetization also changed with Dy doping in MCFO. The impact of Dy on manganese–copper ferrite changed the optical, dielectric and magnetic properties of the prepared binary ferrite nanocomposite, which can be used for microwave-absorbing material applications.     

Mechanical Properties of Compression Molded Banana Pseudo-stem Filled Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (UPVC) Composites

Mechanical strengths of a banana pseudo-stem (BPS) fiber and unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (UPVC) composite were evaluated to assess the possibility of using it as a new material in engineering applications. Samples were fabricated by the compression molding process with reference to the effect of filler loading. The samples were submitted to mechanical tests to measure tensile, flexural, and impact properties of the composites. The nature of adhesion between the matrix and the reinforcement and information relating the structure of mechanical properties can be obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) assessment of the composite fracture surface. The mechanical properties show that the composites did not have good adhesion between filler and matrix; on the other hand, the filler insertion improved the flexural modulus and the material rigidity.     

核壳型纳米粒子合成方法及其性能的研究进展

核壳纳米粒子作为复合纳米粒子一个重要的分支,由于其光、磁和催化等方面的优异性能,近年来引起了人们广泛的关注.本文主要介绍了核壳纳米粒子的制备方法及诸多性能,并对核壳纳米粒子的发展进行了展望.     

单向玻璃纤维-铝合金层板的几种力学性能研究

本文用实验方法研究了单向玻璃纤维-铝合金层板的拉伸性能、疲劳性能和冲击性能。利用金属体积分数理论验证了这类层板的拉伸性能。通过对其疲劳性能的实验研究，发现裂纹扩展速率的大小及刚度的下降与加载的最大循环应力密切相关的规律。实验发现该层板具有比铝合金好得多的冲击性能。     

TMPTMA在硅橡胶中的应用研究

研究了助交联剂三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯(TMPTMA)对硅橡胶硫化性能、力学性能、低温性能和粘接性能的影响。结果表明,加入少量TMPTMA能改善硅橡胶的硫化特性和工艺性,提高硫化胶的硬度,降低硅橡胶的结晶温度,并有效提高硅橡胶与金属的粘接强度;但TMPTMA用量超过一定数值后,由于TMPTMA部分自聚合,在硅橡胶内形成一定的交联网络,造成两相界面粘接力变差,致使硅橡胶的拉伸强度降低。当TMPTMA用量为1份时,硅橡胶具有最佳的综合性能。     

聚氨酯种类对机械性能以及阻尼性能影响研究

分别以聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMEG)、聚氧化丙烯二醇(PPG-1000)为软段,以二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI-50、MDI-100LL),以及扩链剂1,4-丁二醇(BDO)、三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为硬段,采用预聚体法制备了聚氨酯弹性体。并系统研究了聚氨酯体系中各组分的种类对材料机械性能和阻尼性能的影响。     

A new precursor to lightweight porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics with enhanced microwave transmissivity

Nowadays, complicated preparation processes and harsh sintering conditions wave transparent ceramics limit its further development. To solve this problem, we explore a promising precursor by adopting a polymerization-pyrolysis method to prepare porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics at a mild sintering condition (1000 °C). The porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics exhibits enhanced wave transparency at 10–16 GHz with a low dielectric constant (<3), a low loss angle tangent value (<0.01), and simultaneously, a relative high flexible strength of 82 MPa. According to the results of the XRD and FTIR analysis, porous Al₄B₂O₉ crystallization dispersed in the amorphous SiO₂ matrix constructs the main phases of the products. The changes of Al and B elements are confirmed to have an effect on the phase compositions and micro structure of the composite ceramics, which obviously affect the mechanical and dielectric properties of the derived ceramics. The as-prepared porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics could be a potential candidate for next generation electronic window materials due to its low dielectric constant and loss angle tangent value, as well as high flexible strength.     

Effects of support and additive on oxidation state and activity of Pt catalyst in propane combustion

The effects of support and additive on the oxidation state and catalytic activity of Pt catalyst in the low temperature propane combustion were systematically investigated on Pt/MgO, Pt/Al₂O₃ and Pt/SiO₂–Al₂O₃. The catalytic activity varied much with both support materials and additives. The catalyst on the more acidic support showed higher activity, and the catalytic activity on every support materials increased as the electronegativity of additives increased, while some additives decreased the activity. The oxidation state of platinum, estimated by white line intensity of Pt L_III-edge XANES spectrum, also varied with the support and additives, and additives with higher electronegativity greatly prevented the platinum from its oxidation under oxidising atmosphere. Among almost all the catalysts with various supports and various additives, a clear relationship was observed between the oxidation state of platinum and the catalytic activity; the more metallic platinum showed higher activity. Thus, it was concluded that the total electrophilic/electrophobic property derived from those of the support and additive controls the oxidation state of platinum, which intensively affects the catalytic activity; i.e. higher electrophilic property provides less oxidised platinum, resulting in high catalytic activity. The mechanism of this effect was also discussed on the basis of thermochemical data, and it was proposed that the electrophobic materials promote the noble metal oxidation since the noble metal oxo-anion such as PtO^δ− is more stabilised with electrophobic cation.     

聚丙烯基抗菌塑料的制备与性能研究

利用熔融挤出共混技术制备了聚丙烯(PP)基抗菌塑料。研究了抗菌母料Antim-PP对PP的抗菌性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,当抗菌母料与PP的质量比为4:100时,抗菌PP塑料对大肠杆菌的抗菌率大于99%,抗菌母料的加入使共混物的冲击性能有明显改善,其他力学性能基本不受影响。