电磁超声导波在管道中螺旋向传播的机理研究

为了实现电磁超声导波对管道中不同方向裂纹缺陷的有效检测,研究了超声导波螺旋向传播的机理,设计了用于管道斜向裂纹缺陷检测的电磁超声螺旋向导波换能器。基于毕奥萨伐尔定律,建立了螺旋向导波换能器等效闭合线圈的数学模型;推导分析了电磁超声螺旋向导波换能器的磁感应强度与螺旋向导波主声束传播方向的关系;实验验证了不同角度的螺旋向导波传播机理与相应的裂纹缺陷检测能力。结果表明,电磁超声螺旋向导波主声束传播方向与线圈工作导线垂直,改变换能器线圈螺旋角度可控制电磁超声导波在管道中的传播方向,线圈螺旋角度不同的换能器可实现管道中不同斜向角度裂纹缺陷检测,为管道全向裂纹缺陷检测提供参考。     

基于电磁超声导波的铝板裂纹缺陷检测方法

针对铝板斜向裂纹缺陷检测问题,提出了一种非对称斜向曲折型线圈电磁超声导波换能器设计结构。通过毕奥萨伐尔定律建立了曲折型线圈及非对称斜向曲折型线圈的等效力磁模型,分析了电磁超声换能机理中洛伦兹力、磁感应强度与主声束传播特性的关系,实验验证了不同斜向角度的曲折型线圈电磁超声换能器缺陷检测能力。结果表明,斜向曲折型线圈结构电磁超声换能器主声束回波信号呈非对称分布,其主声束方向垂直于换能器线圈工作导线,斜向角度变化可实现电磁超声导波在铝板中的传播方向控制,为铝板中全方位裂纹缺陷检测提供了理论依据与应用基础。     

基于改进NSGA-Ⅲ的电磁超声换能器多目标优化

电磁超声换能器(EMAT)的设计与优化是一个变量多、分析复杂和优化难度大的多目标优化问题.通过建立的电磁超声换能器电磁-力-声有限元模型,得到了洛伦兹力、磁致伸缩效应、感应电流密度和振动位移等优化目标的样本集,构建了多支持向量机的代理模型.提出一种基于参考点和拥挤度相结合的改进NSGA-Ⅲ优化方法,对优化目标进行优化设...     

燃气管道腐蚀缺陷电磁超声检测方法

电磁超声可用于燃气管道的内检测,但外部的腐蚀缺陷会影响厚度检测。为了研究腐蚀形成的斜面缺陷对电磁超声测厚的影响,分析了横波在斜面试件中传播和反射,发现使用横波电磁超声换能器进行斜面测量中误差产生的原因为横波的到时差异,并用基于COMSOL的有限元模型对换能和测厚过程/进行仿真,最后通过缺陷钢板的实验验证分析的结论。研究发现在小倾角的斜面缺陷情况下,测得厚度偏大;斜面越陡,误差越大。     

钢板中电磁超声导波换能器主声束方向研究

针对电磁超声导波主声束传播方向受钢板中裂纹方向影响的问题,分析电磁超声主声束与磁场参数的函数关系,建立基于毕奥-萨伐尔定律的导波传播方向分析模型,研究换能器线圈工作导线的偏转角与导波传播关系的方向控制模型,实验验证了主声束方向可控及其裂纹检测能力。结果表明:钢板中电磁超声导波主声束传播方向垂直于换能器线圈工作导线,工作导线偏转角变化可实现电磁超声导波在钢板中的传播方向控制,为钢板中全向裂纹检测提供了理论依据与应用基础。     

基于单方向周向兰姆波超声换能器铝管的缺陷定位

用于管道周向超声检测时,管材的对称结构和传统的电磁超声换能器(Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer,EMAT)的多方向发射特性、以及缺陷两侧可同时产生反射等使得采集的回波信号十分复杂,并且难以保证回波信号和缺陷位置对应关系的唯一性。设计了用于管道周向检测的单方向EMAT,建立了有限元模型,仿真实现了周向Lamb波的单方向激励和传播过程,分析了单方向周向Lamb波在管道内的传播规律;在此基础上,研究了换能器位置、缺陷位置与超声传播路径之间的关系,得到了一种用于管材缺陷的定位方法,回波信号对应唯一缺陷位置。最后,对铝管管道上各位置缺陷进行了仿真、实验研究,证明了本方法的正确性和可行性。     

面向高温管道壁厚测量的双模态电磁超声换能器研究北大核心CSCD

文中分析了高温管道温度对横、纵超声波传播特性的影响。提出了一种可同时激发横波和纵波的高温双模态电磁超声测量方法,设计了具有风冷和水冷结构的换能器,优化了线圈结构和磁路,制作了换能器。通过对45钢钢管的横、纵波高温测厚实验发现当温度为650~750℃时纵波信号明显,当温度为550~650℃时存在横、纵波模态混叠,当温度为550℃以下时横波信号明显。实验结果表明双模态换能器可通过纵波实现温度为750℃时钢管的壁厚测量,与横波换能器相比提高了高温检测能力;同时可利用横波解决波对室温和中高温下铁磁性材料的检测信号差的问题,避免了对不同温度或材料的试件进行检测时需频繁更换探头,拓展了高温电磁超声换能器在不同温度下检测的通用性。     

周向一致兰姆波电磁超声换能器设计与实现

针对板结构大范围健康检测问题,进行了周向一致兰姆波电磁超声换能器研制。基于电磁超声检测原理,建立板中周向一致兰姆波EMAT的理论模型,推导出换能器接收电压及等效灵敏度表达式。基于换能器结构参数与等效灵敏度关系,设计制作了7种类型的周向一致电磁兰姆波换能器,并进行了换能器阻抗匹配设计。通过实验和理论分析表明,设计的EMAT能有效激励单一模态S0兰姆波,对特定波长的兰姆波具有选择性,且其实测换能器中心频率与设计值能很好吻合。同时,在同一频率下,实验测得不同内外径比的换能器其灵敏度分布与理论曲线能很好吻合。检测实验证明,设计的换能器能在其周围360°方向具有很好的一致性,为后续板结构换能器阵列奠定了基础。     

电磁超声横波检测钢板减薄缺陷的有限元分析

电磁超声换能器(EMAT)在试件中激发的横波(剪切波)能够应用于试件厚度和内部缺陷检测,为了研究电磁超声激发横波的机理,采用有限元分析的方法,对其进行仿真分析。通过建立EMAT三维模型,进行电磁学耦合计算,获得被测试件表面磁场、涡流、洛伦兹力的分布规律,显示了EMAT激发横波的机理过程,为电磁超声换能器的设计提供参考;通过电磁学与动力学的耦合计算,获得横波在试件厚度方向的传播规律,结果表明,横波在试件中沿厚度方向传播,并且能量呈衰减趋势;对含缺陷钢板进行结构动力学分析,发现当波传播遇到缺陷时波动发生明显的改变和衰减,得出EMAT激发的横波可用以检测试件底面减薄缺陷,并通过试验验证提出横波检测缺陷时定量缺陷深度的方法。     

电磁超声全向导波换能器辐射控制方法研究

针对传统电磁超声全向导波换能器因导波内、外辐射致使检测回波信号复杂及信噪比低的问题,设计了一种新型电磁超声全向导波换能器(OUT-EMAT)结构,研究了换能器双线圈结构参数、双激励源控制方法,实现了导波辐射强度与方向控制。根据电磁超声全向换能器理论,建立波动位移叠加的数学模型,并对设计的OUT-EMAT性能进行仿真计算及实验。研究结果表明：与传统全向EMAT相比,OUT-EMAT内、外辐射导波强度之比由1∶1变为2∶9;其外辐射导波强度增加了100%,内辐射导波强度抑制了55.6%;增强了检测回波信噪比,降低了信号复杂度,提高了裂纹缺陷定位准确度;为有效识别裂纹缺陷提供了一种新方法,对实际工程应用具有指导意义。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.