多工况下燃气轮机高压涡轮叶顶间隙对涡轮效率的影响

涡轮叶顶间隙影响涡轮气动特性。文中针对某型船用燃气轮机在慢车、0.35、0.50、0.85、1.00、1.05等多个工况,通过有限元计算,研究并分析了不同工况时涡轮叶顶间隙高度对涡轮效率的影响。结果发现当运行工况高于0.85工况时该燃气轮机涡轮叶片与机匣衬环发生碰磨;当工况不变时,控制高压涡轮叶顶间隙高度,发现叶顶间隙每增大0.2 mm,涡轮效率降低约0.4%左右,研究结果对主动间隙控制相关研究提供理论参考。     

涡轮叶尖间隙流动的数值模拟

采用基于雷诺平均N-S方程的三维CFD计算程序,并结合Spalart-Allmaras-方程或κ-epsilon双方程湍流模型加壁面函数的方法,对涡轮平面叶栅和涡轮级转子的叶尖间隙流场进行了数值计算,详细研究了不同叶尖间隙高度、不同叶尖间隙形式和叶尖间隙有冷气入射时其对涡轮叶尖间隙流场和性能的影响.计算结果表明:叶尖间隙对从大约70%叶高到叶尖位置的叶片损失具有明显的影响;在同样间隙大小情况下,余高间隙叶片等熵效率比平间隙叶片等熵效率约提高了一个百分点;而叶尖间隙有冷气入射时涡轮的等熵效率要比无冷气入射时的等熵效率约提高两个百分点.     

开式向心涡轮背部结构对效率的影响

为了降低某100 k W燃气轮机开式向心涡轮的间隙泄漏损失,本文应用数值方法研究开式向心涡轮背部结构对涡轮效率的影响。针对不同形式的小翼结构与背部凹槽,研究开式向心涡轮的效率及背部流场结构,分析小翼结构形式与背部凹槽的形状、截面尺寸等参数对间隙泄漏损失的影响。分析结果表明采用适当的凹槽和小翼组合的结构形式可以有效降低泄漏流动损失,将涡轮效率提高1.1%。     

某燃气轮机涡轮叶顶间隙计算分析

涡轮叶顶间隙直接影响燃机的安全和效率。利用有限元软件,首先,进行涡轮转静子二维热-结构耦合分析,计算得到涡轮周向平均叶顶间隙;其次,考虑涡轮转静子三维效应、转子挠度、油膜抬升和燃机启停对涡轮叶顶间隙的影响,修正了涡轮叶顶间隙。计算结果表明：涡轮二维热-结构耦合分析能够较为准确地计算涡轮叶顶间隙,涡轮转静子三维效应、转子挠度、油膜抬升对涡轮叶顶间隙周向分布有一定影响;燃机启动过程,涡轮叶顶间隙出现极小值,尤其涡轮叶顶间隙g3和g4发生碰磨,需增加可磨密封设计避免碰磨。     

进口热斑存在时叶顶间隙对涡轮效率影响的数值计算

利用非线性谐波法对某型燃气轮机2级涡轮进行了数值计算,对比研究了存在进口热斑时,叶顶间隙对带冠涡轮与不带冠涡轮气动效率的影响,并分析了带冠涡轮封严齿表面温度场分布受叶顶间隙影响的变化规律,与实验结果的对比验证了计算的可信性。研究发现:叶顶间隙小于0.24 mm时,不带冠涡轮具有更高的效率;带冠涡轮泄漏流一部分通过叶顶间隙流失,一部分受壁面剪切力作用形成涡团,以动能的形式耗散在叶冠容腔内;封严齿与机匣之间形成的高速射流与容腔内涡流相互作用,导致封严齿表面温度场分布不均;叶顶间隙为0.1 mm时,封严齿温度最高,在叶型设计改进时应重点考虑第一齿的冷却设计。所得结论可为涡轮叶片设计改型和进一步改进冷却方案提供理论依据和决策参考。     

向心涡轮可调导叶间隙流动的数值研究

应用数值方法对某型向心涡轮的可调导叶间隙流动结构及其涡轮性能的影响作了分析,间隙尺寸分别为1%、2%、4%叶高.计算结果表明:间隙加大,涡轮效率下降,流量增加,间隙流动所造成的流动损失是结构阻力型的.间隙对涡轮性能的影响主要来自于叶轮进口气流冲角的增加与叶轮反动度的提高.简单地修正导向叶栅的流动效率,不能反映间隙对涡轮整体性能的影响.     

高速径流式涡轮叶顶间隙流动研究

针对高速径流式涡轮,利用NUMECA软件建立计算模型进行雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程(RANS)计算,采用Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型,分析了不同叶顶间隙对叶轮气动性能、间隙区域温度场、泄漏涡流及涡轮级性能的影响.结果表明:减小叶顶间隙会出现新的流动特性—逆流现象,表现为叶顶间隙通道内流体流动方向与压力梯度方向相反,即由叶片吸力面侧指向压力面侧,这一新流动特性极大地改变了间隙区域温度场;大间隙造成的气动损失不可忽视,减小叶顶间隙可抑制泄漏涡流强度,提高涡轮效率,从而改善涡轮性能.     

液力变矩器叶片厚度及冲角适配减速带捕能装置

液力变距器是广泛运用在传动系统中的一种液力设备,其结构参数如叶片厚度、叶片冲角等直接影响其传动工作效率.基于国内外研究现状,在参考大部分减速带能量捕获装置模型和运行参数的前提下,建立液力变矩器涡轮、泵轮、导轮的单通道模型.采用ANSYS-CFX对液力变矩器内液体流动进行仿真,分析了泵轮叶片厚度、涡轮叶片厚度对于泵轮、涡...     

限矩型液力偶合器及其节电效果

传动机构按照传递能量的方式大致分为机械传动、电力传动和流体传动。液力偶合器属流体传动元件,置于电动机与工作机之间,柔性传递动力,具有改善电动机起动性能、过载保护、功率平衡、无级调速等一般联轴器设有的特点,分为调速型和限矩型两种。近年来,随着电动机调速节能技术的推广普及,调速型液力偶合器在我省水泥机立窑罗茨鼓风机上得到广泛应用,取得了较好的节电效益和社会效益。相比较而言,尽管限矩型液力偶合器有其独特的优点,具有广泛的推广应用价值,但人们对其认识还不足,有关的宣传介绍甚少,为此,本文着重讨论限矩型液力偶合器的节电原理和应用。 一、限矩型液力偶合器的工作原理 液力偶合器主要由泵轮、涡轮、外壳、主轴等构件组成,其输入轴与泵轮联接,输出轴与涡轮联接,泵轮与涡轮叶片间凹腔部分为工作腔,工作液在其中循环流动,传递力矩。工作时,泵轮从电动机中获得的机械能通过工作油传递给涡轮,推动涡轮叶片转动,将工作油的能量变成机械能,带动工作机工作,工作油在工作腔内循环作功。实现了泵轮(主动)与涡轮(从动)之间的能量传递。 二、限矩型液力偶合器的主要优点 1、限矩型液力偶合器在电动机与工作机之间利用工作油介质进行柔性传动,能轻载和空载起动,大大降低了电动机起动电流和起     

带小翼肋条的涡轮叶尖泄漏流场的数值模拟

对叶尖吸力面带小翼肋条的某一轴流转子叶尖间隙泄漏流场进行了数值研究,分析了在不同肋条宽度下泄漏流场细节,并对涡轮效率进行了计算.结果表明:涡轮叶尖单吸力边小翼肋条总体上减小叶尖表面压差,使得吸力面后半部分泄漏流速度减小,从而减小泄漏流动损失,但会增大通道内流动损失,使涡轮转子效率下降;小翼肋条宽度有一个最佳值,小间隙下增大肋条宽度使得涡轮转子效率降低,大间隙下增大肋条宽度却使得涡轮转子效率提高;吸力边小翼肋条改变了叶尖吸力边附近的流场,对压力边附近泄漏流动结构影响不大.     

小型锅炉烟尘测试时锅炉出力的计算

锅炉烟尘测试时,必须对锅炉出力进行测试。但监测中,许多小型锅炉往往不具备相关的计量装置和仪表,为解决这一问题,文章提出了用烟气量和空气过剩系数来计算锅炉的出力的公式,在实际使用中,该方法简单易行,其结果和实测值具有很好的一致怀。     

Unerroric of control of mutual compliance of the efficiency of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles in the conditions of mass production

The issues related to the reliability of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles and increasing the efficiency of using hydrogen as fuel when using the method of its production during the decomposition of hydrogen-containing molecules of liquid-phase organic compounds in a plasma discharge under the action of intense ultrasonic exposure are considered. Experiments have shown that as a result of decomposition in the acoustoplasma discharge of liquid hydrocarbons, solid-phase carbon-containing products are formed, chemical transformations occur in the liquid phase and hydrogen-containing combustible gas is formed. Hydrogen-containing gas can be used as fuel immediately after synthesis, i.e. it does not require separation, since in addition to hydrogen it contains only impurities of CO₂ and water vapor. The purpose of the study is to formalize the basic conditions for tightening the control of mutual compliance with the efficiency of hydrogen engines of the same series in the conditions of their mass production. Methods of mathematical statistics and hardware-software modeling were used in the study. The term “unerroric of quality mutual compliance control” is introduced to describe a set of hardware and software tools for such control. The principle of in-depth testing of the technical condition of such engines of one series is described in a multidimensional formulation of the quality control problem for three of their operating parameters at once. The conditions for increasing the mutual correspondence of the measured values of such parameters in the conditions of serial production of hydrogen engines are formalized.     

中国煤炭地下气化技术的发展

本文综述了煤炭地下汽化技术的国内外发展现状,对我国“长通道、大断面”煤炭地下气化新工艺给予了技术经济评述,并提出了发展煤炭地下汽化技术的政策建议。     

Review of theory of distortion and disintegration of liquid streams

Linear and nonlinear analyses of the instabilities and distortion of liquid streams injected into a gaseous media are discussed. The various fundamental mechanisms and the predictive capabilities for the distortions are emphasized. Round jets, planar sheets, annular sheets, and conical sheets are discussed in detail. The balance between capillary and inertial forces is primarily examined. The method for simplifying the analyses in the case of thin liquid sheets is discussed. The capabilities for representing the droplet size distribution that follows the stream disintegration are outlined.     

机车车轮多轴疲劳强度安全评定的研究

使用ANSYS8.0软件对高速列车车轮进行了三维有限元分析,计算出车轮在直线、曲线和道岔条件下牵引、制动共6种工况时孔边薄弱部位的应力,分别通过Mises等效平均应力方法、Sines平均主应力方法和应力分量中考虑平均应力方法计算出应力在极值位置时的等效应力幅、等效平均应力,从而进一步算出车轮的安全系数,对其疲劳强度进行评定,并对3种方法进行了比较研究。     

Constructal optimization of the geometry of an array of micro-channels

This paper documents the geometric optimization of an array of circular and non-circular ducts. The optimization was carried out numerically using finite volume method. As optimal dimensions were independent of the array configuration, the numerical simulation was performed on a unit cell. Numerical optimization for circular, square and isosceles right triangle cross-sections of channels was performed. Based on the results of this investigation, some correlations were proposed to predict the optimal hydraulic diameter and dimensionless heat transfer per unit volume. In addition to examining the effect of pressure drop on these parameters, it was showed that among the different geometries of this study, square cross-section has the most efficiency for a given volume. The numerical results of the present study were compared with approximate results reported in the literature which a good agreement was observed.     

MgO膨胀剂细度对MgO水化和水泥浆体膨胀的影响

基于《水工混凝土掺用氧化镁技术规范》中的Ⅰ型氧化镁（MgO）,研究了该型MgO膨胀剂（MEA）细度对掺粉煤灰水泥浆体膨胀性能的影响。即采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)及同步热分析（TG DSC）分析了掺MEA水泥浆体中MgO的水化性。结果表明,养护温度相同时,MEA的细度对水泥浆体内MEA中MgO的水化和水泥浆体的膨胀无显著影响,产生的膨胀均能补偿水泥浆体的收缩;MEA的细度可从试验设计采用的45 μm筛筛余15%左右增加到30%左右,这将有利于MEA生产企业的节能降耗。     

固体热辐射Yong性能分析

本文对漫灰均温物体在常物性条件下对外辐射传热的Ｙｏｎｇ值计算建立了数学模型。通过与物体内能Ｙｏｎｇ公式的数值计算比较,得出了辐射能量的Ｙｏｎｇ值不大于内能Ｙｏｎｇ值的结论。从初步的热射Ｙｏｎｇ值计算公式发现。Ｙｏｎｇ与物体表面辐射率有关。     

Measurements of concentration distribution of hydrogen jet using deflection of center of the laser spot

The main purpose of this work is to propose a new method to evaluate the concentration distribution of the hydrogen jet by using a He–Ne laser through the jet. This research attempts to apply the expression of concentration Gaussian distribution, the refraction formula of inhomogeneous refractive index medium, and the concentration inversion function to disclose the displacement of the center of the laser spot at different heights in the gas jet. The spot images of the laser beam passing through the gas jet at three vertical heights z = 10d, 20d, 30d, and different radial positions are obtained. The radial spatial asymmetry of the gas jet is also found in the experiment. Finally, the calculated concentration distribution curve and the fluent simulation curve, it is found that the two results are very similar. Our findings show that the error between the concentration distribution of this method and the simulated concentration distribution reaches 2.43%.     

汽轮机零件防锈性能的改善

介绍了汽轮机零件的封存特点、防锈要求及防锈油性能对比试验的方法,通过对试验结果的对比分析,客观验证了各种防锈油的性能。试验表明,只有选择了合适的防锈油,才能保证汽轮机零件长期封存的质量。