负向电压对镁合金微弧氧化膜层的影响

研究了负向电压对镁合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜层的表面形貌,厚度及相组成的影响,试验结果表明负向电压对膜层的质量影响很大,它能使膜层表面空隙率降低且光滑平整,并显著提高镁合金微弧氧化的膜层厚度,但同时负向电压的变化应控制在一定范围之内.经对微弧氧化试样的膜层进行SEM、XRD以及厚度的检测,分析了不同负向电压对镁合金微弧氧化膜层的影响,得到一组较为稳定的正负向电压参数,使得镁合金微弧氧化膜层的效果得到较好的提高.     

微弧氧化膜层对压铸镁合金拉伸性能的影响

利用自主开发的微弧氧化工艺处理了实际镁合金压铸试样,并探讨了微弧氧化膜层对镁合金基体拉伸性能的影响。研究发现,微弧氧化处理的镁合金压铸件试样表面的膜层厚度均匀、色泽均一;膜层含有MgO、MgAl2O4及Mg2SiO4等物相,且MgO含量随处理时间的延长而增加;处理时间合适时,膜层几乎不影响镁合金基体的拉伸性能,但随着处理时间的增加,由于膜层中存在的诸多缺陷而使基体的拉伸性能开始有所下降。     

镁合金微弧氧化技术研究进展

介绍了镁合金微弧氧化技术研究现状,重点总结了微弧氧化机理研究现状,详细介绍了电解液体系及电参数对镁合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜生长以及膜层性能的影响规律,最后探讨了当前镁合金微弧氧化研究的不足,指出了后续研究方向.     

Mo-Zr合金烧结致密化行为及组织与性能研究

在含有不同氟离子浓度的硅酸钠电解液体系中,采用恒压微弧氧化技术对AZ31镁合金进行表面处理,通过XRD、SEM、EDS等研究镁合金表面微弧氧化膜层形貌和相结构特征,探讨氟离子对膜层形成的影响规律.研究结果表明:随着氟离子浓度的增加,膜层微孔数量逐渐减少,微孔孔径逐渐变大且分布均匀,但氟离子浓度过高时,膜层缺陷增多,出现微裂纹和局部孔径较大的微孔;微弧氧化膜层主要由MgAl2O4和MgSiO3组成,其含量随着氟离子浓度的变化而变化,当氟离子浓度范围为2～4 g/L时微弧氧化膜中MgAl2O4和MgSiO3的含量最高;动电位极化曲线表明微弧氧化膜的耐腐蚀性能也随之呈先增后减的趋势.     

镁合金微弧氧化技术及其膜的耐蚀性能

本文介绍了微弧氧化技术的几种成膜机理;论证了镁合金微弧氧化膜具有很好的耐蚀性能,且微弧氧化工艺比普通的阳极氧化工艺简单。同时,镁合金的微弧氧化膜层还具有耐磨性、电绝缘性等一些优良性能,这使得微孤氧化技术有广泛的应用前景。     

镁合金在硅酸盐体系中微弧氧化膜层的性能研究

利用交流微弧氧化装置对AZ91D镁合金在硅酸盐体系中进行了微弧氧化处理,并通过扫描电镜、电化学测试技术和表面性能测试仪等研究了氧化时间和电流密度对微弧氧化膜层表面形貌、厚度、耐蚀性、摩擦磨损性能和结合力的影响.结果表明：随氧化时间和电流密度的增大,镁合金微弧氧化膜层中微孔的数量减少,但微孔的直径和表面粗糙度增大.膜层厚度随氧化时间和电流密度的增加呈线性增大,但与基体的结合力明显降低.镁合金微弧氧化膜层的耐蚀性和耐磨性随氧化时间和电流密度的增大呈先增大后减小的趋势.镁合金在硅酸盐体系中微弧氧化处理的最佳工艺为氧化时间40min、电流密度0.20A/cm2.     

低温超音速火焰喷涂铝-微弧氧化复合膜的制备与性能研究

先采用低温超音速火焰喷涂技术在AZ91D镁合金表面沉积一层致密的Al涂层,再采用微弧氧化技术进行微弧氧化处理,进而获得复合涂层。对热喷涂铝涂层微弧氧化的成膜过程、氧化膜微观结构和成分、复合涂层的耐腐蚀性能等进行了研究,并与在2024铝合金及AZ91D镁合金表面的微弧氧化过程和氧化膜层进行了对比。结果表明:在Al涂层上微弧氧化形成的微弧氧化膜呈多孔珊瑚状,相结构主要为γ-Al2O3,没有微裂纹产生,其微弧氧化过程与2024铝合金的微弧氧化大致相同;复合涂层具有良好的抗盐雾腐蚀性能,可显著提高镁合金的耐蚀性。     

AZ91D压铸镁合金微弧氧化膜层的显微硬度分析

为了研究压铸镁合金AZ91D微弧氧化膜层显微硬度,在三种溶液及不同电参数条件下制备了微弧氧化膜层,分析了脉冲频率、占空比、电压、溶液成分及其电导率等参数对膜层显微硬度的影响.试验结果表明,镁合金微弧氧化处理可使其表面硬度大幅提高.锆盐溶液处理膜层的显微硬度高,与膜层相组成中含有ZrO2陶瓷有关.电源脉冲频率、占空比、电压、处理时间参数的增加,都使镁合金微弧氧化膜层的显微硬度增加.在一定范围内增加溶液的电导率,可使膜层的显微硬度提高.     

镁合金微弧氧化的研究现状

结合国内外镁合金微弧氧化机理的研究成果,重点介绍了镁合金微弧氧化的生长机理,利用光发射谱识别等离子体放电过程中的反应元素,并计算等离子体温度。对镁合金微弧氧化功能膜以及增强相对镁基复合材料微弧氧化陶瓷膜耐蚀性的影响作了简要介绍。概述了在镁合金微弧氧化过程中,不同体系的电解液各自具有的优缺点,及对陶瓷膜结构和性能产生的重要影响。添加剂可以提高电解液的导电性和稳定性,减小陶瓷膜的孔隙率。详细阐述了合金元素、电源类型、电参数和后处理封孔技术对镁合金陶瓷膜结构、形貌及性能的影响。基于镁合金微弧氧化技术的研究现状,对镁合金微弧氧化技术的研究方向进行了展望。     

氟离子浓度对镁合金微弧氧化膜层形成影响规律

在含有不同氟离子浓度的硅酸钠电解液体系中,采用恒压微弧氧化技术对AZ31镁合金进行表面处理,通过XRD、SEM、EDS等研究镁合金表面微弧氧化膜层形貌和相结构特征,探讨氟离子对膜层形成的影响规律。研究结果表明:随着氟离子浓度的增加,膜层微孔数量逐渐减少,微孔孔径逐渐变大且分布均匀,但氟离子浓度过高时,膜层缺陷增多,出现微裂纹和局部孔径较大的微孔;微弧氧化膜层主要由MgAl2O4和MgSiO3组成,其含量随着氟离子浓度的变化而变化,当氟离子浓度范围为2～4 g/L时微弧氧化膜中MgAl2O4和MgSiO3的含量最高;动电位极化曲线表明微弧氧化膜的耐腐蚀性能也随之呈先增后减的趋势。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。