考虑模态耦合的球头铣刀颤振稳定域建模方法

球头铣刀广泛应用于曲面加工中,因此构造出针对球头铣刀的颤振稳定域叶瓣图意义重大。利用精细积分法对铣削系统二阶动力学方程进行时域数值求解,由切削刃与切触区域不同时刻的关系,确定出时域数值求解方程中所需要的刀刃瞬时切削部位,通过Floquet定理获得了高精度的颤振稳定域叶瓣图,并在三轴数控机床上进行了正确性试验验证。试验结果与预测结果相一致,表明所提供的方法能够为球头铣刀实现无颤振切削加工提供有力的技术支撑。     

基于接触区域的球头铣刀颤振稳定域预报方法研究

运用半解析法精准搭建出球头铣刀与工件接触区域边界的投影方程,对铣削系统时滞动力学方程进行全离散时域数值求解,在单齿周期内球头铣刀视为圆弧切削的基础上,通过接触区域投影和切削刃投影不同时刻的关系,确定出数值求解方程中所需要的瞬时参与切削刀刃的实际切削部位,利用Floquet定理获得了不同转速下的临界切削深度,构建出了高精度的球头铣刀颤振稳定域叶瓣图,并在三轴数控机床上进行了试验验证,试验结果与预测结果相符合,表明了该方法的正确性。同时,与传统方法相比,这里所提供的方法拥有较高的预测精度,最后分析了不同参数对颤振稳定域的影响规律,为叶瓣图指导实际加工奠定了基础。     

变螺旋铣刀铣削稳定性实验研究

颤振是制约铣削加工效率和零件加工质量的主要因素。变螺旋铣刀铣削作为一种有效的颤振控制策略,在研究铣削过程发生颤振等现象中受到广泛关注。在此基础上,提出了一种预测变螺距铣刀铣削稳定性预测模型。根据获得的稳定性叶瓣图,针对不同轴向铣削深度和主轴转速,选择了39组铣削参数组合,并进行了铣削实验。通过对实验过程中获取的铣削力信号进行FFT变换,考察了实际铣削与理论预测的吻合性。实验结果表明,该理论方法具有较好的变螺旋铣刀铣削稳定性的预测能力。     

基于铣削力仿真的稳定域叶瓣图构建

颤振稳定域分析的叶瓣图构建为铣削过程中参数优化的基础,但对于实际加工来说,铣削力不易通过测试获取。针对此问题,展开了基于铣削力仿真的叶瓣图构建方法研究。首先,通过有限元仿真模拟实际铣削过程,得到铣削力大小以及铣削力系数;其次,通过模态试验获取主轴-刀具系统的模态参数,再以铣削系数和模态参数为基础,构建铣削稳定性叶瓣图;最后,结合实际铣削加工的试验测试验证了叶瓣图的正确性。本研究可为优化切削参数、抑制实际铣削过程中颤振的产生提供参考,不仅可以提高工件的加工效率,也增强了系统的稳定性。     

微细铣削加工表面位置误差的分析与预测

微细铣削系统的动态不稳定性会导致零件表面几何精度的偏差,以微细铣削加工表面位置误差为分析对象,在不考虑可再生颤振效应的加工条件下,建立了微细铣削系统动态切削力模型,确定了表面位置误差的分析方法。采用数值分析并结合前期的铣削试验,得到了微细铣削加工的稳定域叶瓣图和表面位置误差的解析解。对比了顺铣、逆铣加工的表面位置误差,详细分析了主轴转速和轴向切削位置对表面位置误差的影响。最后,通过把稳定域叶瓣图和表面位置误差数据组合在同一个图里面进行综合分析,预测表面位置误差并优化选择加工条件。     

变齿距铣刀铣削稳定性实验研究

为了研究铣削过程中发生的颤振现象,以变齿距铣刀铣削作为一种颤振的控制策略,提出了一种预测变齿距铣刀铣削稳定性的算法。根据获得的稳定性叶瓣图,选择多组铣削参数组合进行铣削实验。通过对实验过程中获取的铣削力信号进行FFT变换,考察实际铣削与理论预测的吻合性。结果表明,该理论方法具有较好的变齿距铣刀铣削稳定性预测能力。     

基于变齿距铣刀的铣削稳定性试验

为研究铣削过程中的颤振现象,以变齿距铣刀铣削作为颤振的控制策略,进行铣削稳定性的试验。根据获得的稳定性叶瓣图,选择多组铣削参数组合进行铣削试验。通过对试验过程中获取的铣削力信号进行FFT变换,考察实际铣削与理论预测的吻合性。试验结果表明,该方法具有较好的变齿距铣刀铣削稳定性预测能力。     

基于刀尖模态的Al-7075铣削颤振稳定性预测研究

针对切削加工中的颤振问题,以铣削加工Al-7075为例,通过刀尖模态分析、模态参数识别,获得了铣削加工Al-7075的颤振稳定性叶瓣图(Lobes图)。通过设计信号采集实验,对颤振电压信号和铣削力信号进行采集并对颤振进行实验表征,进而验证稳定域预测的准确性。研究表明,切削加工Al-7075过程中,颤振易发生在低转速区,提高主轴转速及合理加大轴向切深可提高生产率和加工质量,从而验证了Lobes图中稳定域预测的有效性。     

基于数值模型的数控加工中切削力与稳定域仿真

针对数控铣削加工工艺参数选择存在的问题,以球头铣刀高速铣削过程为研究对象,建立了考虑机床-刀具-工件系统振动的非线性动力学模型,分析了铣削力中的动态分量对切削颤振的影响,在考虑再生颤振的基础上建立非线性动力学模型.基于动态铣削力建模和颤振稳定域分析计算,提出了机床切削系统稳定性极限预测方法,并对其进行仿真分析,为铣削加...     

多硬度拼接淬硬钢铣削动力学分析

颤振是金属切削加工过程中由于刀具和工件之间相互作用所产生的一种强烈的自激振动现象,会导致切削力幅值增加且发生剧烈波动,进而降低工件表面质量和刀具使用寿命。针对此问题,基于铣削过程稳定性预测分析方法建立多硬度拼接工件的动态铣削系统,对多硬度拼接模具铣削过程稳定性进行深入研究,实现了对拼接模具铣削加工过程颤振稳定域的仿真,进而研究了模态参数对稳定性叶瓣图形状的影响。最后通过时域分析、表面形貌和刀具磨损的研究,综合验证了稳定性预测曲线的精度。研究结果为多硬度拼接模具铣削加工提供理论基础,并设置合理的加工参数来实现金属最大切除率,为大型汽车覆盖件模具铣削加工提供理论依据及技术指导。     

Fast prediction of chatter stability lobe diagram for milling process using frequency response function or modal parameters

Prediction of chatter stability is important for planning and optimization of machining process in order to improve machining efficiency and reduce machining damage. Based on the classical analytical solution of chatter stability for milling process and in-depth analysis of the impact of modal parameters on the stability lobe diagram, a straight forward procedure for fast predicting stability lobe diagram directly using modal parameters of machining system was put forward. In consideration of the fact that the modal parameters of milling system can be estimated directly from the frequency response function using single DOF modal parameter estimation method, stability lobe diagram can be plotted directly using the tool tip’s frequency response function. The machining performances of a machining center with three different cutting tools were evaluated and the corresponding optimized cutting conditions were determined. The correctness of the proposed method was validated by good agreement of the predicted stability lobe diagram with that using the classical analytical method, and simulation results show that its calculation speed had been improved by 2–3 orders of magnitude. As a result, the proposed method of plotting stability lobe diagram using frequency response function can be utilized as an effective tool to select chatter-free cutting conditions in shop floor applications.     

High-efficiency smooth-surface high-chatter-stability machining of thin plates with novel face-milling cutter geometry

This paper presents a new technology to realize high-efficiency, smooth-surface, and high-chatter-stability machining of flexible thin plates with the proposed face-milling cutter geometry. Radius end mills are widely utilized for high-efficiency and smooth-surface machining, but they generally have low machining stability, i.e. chatter vibrations often occur. It is well known that the chatter stability depends on the structural flexibility and the cutting conditions, whereas it is less known that it strongly depends on the cutter geometry. In this study, a novel face-milling cutter geometry is proposed to improve chatter stability, especially for regenerative chatter, without sacrificing the high efficiency and the surface smoothness in radius end milling. The validity of the milling technology utilizing the proposed cutter geometry is verified analytically and experimentally.     

内置被动阻尼器减振铣刀的实验测试

提出一种长径比接近8的内置被动阻尼器减振铣刀结构。开展阻尼器模态测试,确定最优结构设计方案。对内置被动阻尼器减振铣刀进行周向模态测试,研究减振铣刀在不同方位的动力学特性。选取铝合金和钛合金工件材料,开展多组切削参数组合下的切削实验测试。在铝合金切削时,减振铣刀的加工噪声、切削力和表面粗糙度比无阻尼铣刀平均下降了52.1%,49.5%和73.4%;在钛合金全槽铣削时,能够在无阻尼铣刀出现明显颤振的切削条件下实现平稳切削。     

Toolpath dependent chatter suppression in multi-axis milling of hollow fan blades with ball-end cutter

Aiming at the issue of toolpath dependent machining vibration in multi-axis milling of hollow fan blades, this paper presents an optimal selection method of cutting parameters based on single-line toolpath to suppress cutting chatter. Firstly, the impact of hollow structure on the blade structural modal was analyzed by using the modal analysis method. And the unstable regions of hollow blade surface have been predicted, which were prone to induce machining deformation and vibration. Secondly, the relationship between the hollow structure and the dynamic characteristics was revealed by analyzing the dynamic responses to the different cutting positions of blade surface. Thirdly, the optimization of cutting parameters based on single-line toolpath was proposed by establishing the 3D stability lobe diagram. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness about the analysis of dynamic characteristics and the suppression method of cutting chatter were verified by a milling experiment of hollow blade.     

Chatter reliability prediction of side milling aero-engine blisk

Reliability analysis of a dynamic structural system is applied to predict chatter of side milling system for machining blisk. Chatter reliability is defined as the probability of stability for processing. A reliability model of chatter was developed to forecast chatter vibration of side milling, where structure parameters and spindle speed are regarded as random variables and chatter frequency is considered as intermediate variable. The first-order second-moment method was used to work out the side milling system reliability model. Reliability lobe diagram (RLD) was applied to distinguish reliable regions of chatter instead of stability lobe diagram (SLD). One example is used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method and compare with the Monte Carlo method. The results of the two approaches were consistent. Chatter reliability and RLD could be used to determine the probability of stability of side milling.

     

铣刀磨损对铣削稳定性及表面位置误差的影响

为了分析刀具正常磨损后铣削颤振稳定域和表面位置误差,对刀具不同磨损状态下的切削力系数进行辨识,基于全离散法研究刀具正常磨损后铣削颤振稳定域和表面位置误差特性。发现当刀具正常磨损后,铣削系统的稳态临界切深呈现上升的趋势;随着工件表面洛氏硬度的提高,铣削系统稳态临界切深逐步下降,刀具正常磨损后临界切深与后刀面无磨损临界切深的差别逐步变小;在稳定域的局部会出现表面位置误差增加的情况。试验表明,该理论模型可以有效优化刀具正常磨损后的加工参数。     

GRADE OF STABILITY IN FUZZY CHATTER STABILITY LOBE MODEL IN MILLING

The machining productivity and part quality are typically limited by the regenerative chatter induced by the dynamic interactions of spindle-holder-tool combination system. The conventional chatter stability model predicts the permissible stable axial depth of cut versus spindle speed by plotting the stability lobe diagram which represents two independent regions as absolutely stable zone and instable zone divided by the critical lobe curve. In fact, it is more reasonable to be a transition stage between the stable and instable zone. This paper introduced the grade of stability (GOS) to improve the conventional chatter stability model and study the transition zone in the stability lobe diagram. The variation of transition zone width with the stability sensibilities for different order lobe curve in milling system was analyzed. Sigmoid function was used as the membership function to develop the fuzzy stability lobe model. Then, the fuzzy stability lobe diagram with an adjustable slope coefficient was implemented to improve the mould steel milling process. The improved fuzzy stability model enhances the reliability of stability lobe diagram and guarantees the chatter-free milling process.     

超声振动改善深孔镗削加工质量

深孔加工在航空发动机制造过程中广泛存在,由于其刚性弱,静态让刀量大,导致加工颤振和刀具磨损严重,使得其加工质量难以得到保证。超声振动切削作为一种特种切削加工手段,具有降低切削力,提高系统刚性和抑制加工颤振等优势。将超声振动应用于深孔镗削,进行了断屑条件验证,孔径误差测量,已加工表面粗糙度测量以及表面形貌观测等试验。试验结果表明,超声振动镗削能够有效缓解深孔镗削过程中的堵屑问题,减小孔径误差和表面粗糙度,抑制切削颤振,从而改善深孔镗削加工质量。     

实时振动数据驱动的薄壁件平铣工艺参数自适应优化

为减小加工振动对薄壁件平铣(端面盘铣)加工质量及效率的影响,提出一种实时铣削振动数据驱动的平铣工艺参数自适应优化方法。首先根据再生效应原理建立薄壁件平铣颤振稳定性模型。其次将薄壁件平铣过程中前一个工步内的实测振动数据分为若干段,以此模拟其材料去除过程,对各段铣削振动数据进行分析,由有限元单位力法和优化STD法分别识别出薄壁件刚度和各材料去除阶段模态频率及阻尼比,并由此导出薄壁件单模态频响函数,将其代入颤振稳定性模型求解稳定域叶瓣图并做插值处理后即可确定包含材料去除信息的薄壁件三维颤振稳定域叶瓣图。基于此,以避免铣削颤振、共振和满足机床性能要求为约束条件,以材料去除率最大为目标,利用遗传算法计算薄壁件下一个工步较优的工艺参数,如此循环进行,直到完成薄壁件加工。最后,通过某型飞机垂尾薄壁装配界面平铣试验验证该方法的可行性和有效性。由试验结果可看出,采用优化后的加工工艺参数,能使薄壁装配界面粗加工过程表面粗糙度从Ra 3.2提升为Ra 1.6,加工效率提高33%。     

Milling force vibration analysis in high-speed-milling titanium alloy using variable pitch angle mill

Chatter may cause fast wear of tools and poor surface quality of the workpieces at high cutting speed and it will happen on different process parameters; how do we select the suitable cutting speed to suppress the chatter? In this paper, a signal analysis method for milling force and acceleration is adopted to identify chatter, which can obtain the results not only in frequency of chatter but also in the contribution for milling force at different frequencies. Through the milling experiment, the machining vibration behaviors of milling Ti–6Al–4V with variable pitch end mill were investigated. Milling force and acceleration signals obtained from experiment were analyzed and compared at stable and unstable milling processes. The experimental results show that when the chatter occurs, milling forces were found to increase dramatically by 61.9–66.8% compared with that of at stable cutting; machining surface quality became poor and machined surface roughness increases by 34.2–40.5% compared with that of at stable cutting.