1,4-丁二醇节能的分离方法

<正> 1,4-丁二醇(以下称丁二醇)是一种粘稠的无色、无嗅液体,易溶于水、乙醇、石油醚、氯苯、四氯化碳和苯。它被广泛采用为墨汁、树脂和松香的溶剂,以及增塑剂、润滑剂和揉化剂,并用于制造四氢呋喃和各种聚氨酯、聚酯类原料,用丁二醇和对苯二甲酸缩聚制得的聚对苯二甲酸二丁酯(即PBT树脂)具有良好的机械性能,可用来制造各种机械部件和电视机外壳。丁二醇生产路线,目前国内外大多采用Reppe法,先用乙炔在甲醛水溶液中合成丁炔二醇,再由丁炔二醇催化加氢制取丁二醇。如何用较少的能量从加氢反     

1,4-丁二醇的精馏

对 PBT 树脂生产中的副产物1,4-丁二醇的精馏回收进行了工艺试验,并论述了在 PBT 树脂生产中副产物1,4-丁二醇精馏的工艺计算及生产控制,着重从理论上对精馏中的塔顶温度、塔釜温度、回流比、物料衡算等作了研讨说明。将试验回收产品用于 PBT 工业生产后证明,精馏回收后的1,4-丁二醇对生产 PBT 树脂的内在质量不产生任何影响。     

一种固-液相变材料(PCM):棕榈酸1,4-丁二醇二酯的微乳液合成与表征

在水/DBSA/棕榈酸微乳液中,1,4-丁二醇和棕榈酸的直接酯化反应合成了一种固-液相变材料棕榈酸1,4-丁二醇二酯。并通过FT-IR,1H NMR和DSC对其进行了表征,DSC测试结果表明棕榈酸1,4-丁二醇二酯的峰顶温度为65.8℃,相变焓为162.4 kJ/kg。     

朗盛生产出生物基丁二醇制造的PBT树脂

<正>新近,德国朗盛和生物基化学品公司Genomatica公司宣布,公司使用Genomatica公司的生物基1,4-丁二醇(BDO)原料已经成功生产出20 t聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)塑料树脂。生物基1,4-丁二醇完全符合PBT塑料树脂生产的要求规范,所生产的生物基PBT树脂性能和品质经过测试,所有参数完全等同于传统的石油基原料PBT树脂。此次试生产是在朗盛德国     

扩链剂结构对浇注型聚氨酯弹性体性能的影响

用带芳香环的二醇(双羟乙基对苯二酚或二甲基苯二酚)代替通常采用的脂肪族二醇1,4-丁二醇作扩链剂,能够明显地提高以聚己二酸乙二醇酯和二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯为主体的聚氨酯弹性体的硬度和定伸强度(模量)。这时弹性体强度指标的数值实际上不发生变化。然而,用脂肪-芳香族二醇对苯二酸-(乙二醇)酯代替混合物1,4-丁二醇和三羟甲基丙烷(TM)中的1,4-丁二醇作固     

顺酐法1,4—丁二醇新工艺及应用

从炼厂C_4馏分分离出的正丁烷出发,经顺酐低压酯氢化法制1,4-丁二醇并联产四氢呋喃和γ-丁内酯是目前较为经济的1,4-丁二醇生产方法并取代了传统的Reppe法。本文介绍了该法的工艺及其技术经济分析,并对1,4-丁二醇的衍生物应用作了简要叙述。     

我国精细化工产需综述(续)

(七)1,4-丁二醇 1,4-丁二醇是一种重要的有机和精细化工原料。它有很广泛的用途,主要用于生产工程塑料和纤维用树脂。如聚对笨二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT),四氢呋喃(THF),r-丁内酯(GBL),聚氨酶树脂(PU),N-甲基吡咯烷酮和聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮等;还广泛用作溶剂、增塑剂、农药除莠剂、医药中间体、化妆品的原料、泡沫弹性体和泡沫人造革等。     

软/硬段比对PU胶粘剂特性影响

<正> 用预聚法制得3种含不同硬/软段比(1.05～1.4)的热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)。采用MDI和聚已二酸-1,4-丁二醇(M_w=2440)酯反应制得。为了提供对不同基体的高初粘力,以松香和1,4-丁二醇混合物作扩链剂(TPU-Rs)。这些TPU-Rs具有两类硬段:(1)由异氰酸酯和1,4-丁二醇反应生成的     

端羟基聚丁二烯-丙烯腈改性聚氨酯阴极电泳漆的制备与性能研究

以低聚物多元醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为主要原料,N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)和1,4-丁二醇为扩链剂,采用自乳化法制备端羟基聚丁二烯-丙烯腈(HTBN)改性阳离子聚氨酯树脂;以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、N-甲基二乙醇胺、1,4-丁二醇为原料制备封端交联剂,二者混合、分散后进行电泳成膜.探究了HTBN的用量、软段种类、树脂与交联剂的比例以及中和度对漆膜性能的影响,结果表明:使用HTBN和PTMG-1000作为混合软段,HTBN在树脂中的质量分数为7.9％,树脂与交联剂的官能团物质的量比为1∶1.1,树脂中和度为90％时,能较好地改善漆膜性能.     

聚乳酸基聚合物的制备研究

采用熔融缩聚法,以1,4-丁二醇、聚乙二醇-200和丁二酸为共缩聚单体,制备了聚乳酸基聚合物——L-乳酸-1,4-丁二醇-丁二酸共缩聚物和L-乳酸-聚乙二醇-丁二酸共缩聚物。PLLA链中引入柔性链的链段长度和柔性链比例是影响共缩聚物相对分子质量的关键因素。在相同缩聚条件下,L-乳酸-1,4-丁二醇-丁二酸共缩聚物相对分子质量比聚乳酸相对分子质量高,而且,随共缩聚单体的用量变化,其相对分子质量有一最大值。L-乳酸-聚乙二醇-丁二酸共缩聚物,由于在PLLA链中引入了较长的柔性链段,其相对分子质量并未大幅提高,甚至降低,且奇怪的是,共缩聚物PLADS-2、PLADS-3和PLADS-4的GPC曲线呈现双峰。     

Eugenol‐Derived Bismaleimide High Performance Resins and Composites Using Diisocyanate as Property Modifier

A new kind of high performance bismaleimide resin with good processability and improved toughness is synthesized by chemical modification of 4,4′‐bismaleimidodiphenylmethane (BMI) by eugenol (EG) and different contents of 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). MDI‐EG‐BMI resins exhibit good thermal stability for its 5% weight loss temperatures around 300 °C and its residue of 41.61% at 900 °C, which are much higher than those of EG‐BMI resin. Then, the carbon fiber‐reinforced MDI‐EG‐BMI composites are fabricated. The mechanical properties of the composites matrixed by MDI‐EG‐BMI resins are better than those by EG‐BMI resin. For carbon/MDI‐EG‐BMI composites, their glass transition temperatures are higher than 300 °C, and their flexural strength, moduli, and toughness are maintained at a range of 217.47–404.36 MPa, 35.12–48.49 GPa, and 1.16–2.63 MJ m^?3 respectively; with the contents increasing of MDI in the resin formulation, the flexural properties first increase then decrease; comprehensively the composite with 30 wt% MDI has the best mechanical and thermal properties.     

In situ vacuum exfoliation plus microwave curing: A facile and green technique for preparing polymeric composites with very good dispersion based on expanded graphite

Functional polymeric composites based on expanded graphite (EG) have obtained wide attentions worldwide owing to their great potential in many fields. Poor dispersion is the main problem limiting the full exploitation of outstanding properties of these composites. To solve the problem, a facile and green method, named as in situ vacuum exfoliation plus microwave curing (VEMC) technique, is developed. The biggest merit of the VEMC process is that worm‐like EG particles are directly used to prepare composites, and no solvent or other chemical is needed, so the chemical structure and original advantages of exfoliatable fillers can be fully utilized in the composites. A series of composites based on EG particles and epoxy (EP) resin, coded as new‐EG/EP, were fabricated using the VEMC technique. Interestingly, worm‐like EG particles are found to be in situ exfoliated into nanosheets, and these sheets are well dispersed in the resin. Compared with the composites prepared using traditional processes, new‐EG/EP composites have much higher dielectric constants, demonstrating that the VEMC technique is efficient to prepare composites with good dispersion based on exfoliatable fillers. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:385–388, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Electrical,mechanical, and thermal properties of exfoliated graphite/phenolic resin composite bipolar plate for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

Exfoliated graphite (EG) was synthesized from natural flake graphite by acid treatment followed by microwave irradiation. A maximum expanded volume of 560 mL/g was achieved for this exfoliation of graphite. EG/phenolic resin composite bipolar plates for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell were fabricated with a high loading of EG by compression molding. The composites possess low density, high electrical conductivity, high thermal stability, and high compressive strength. The composite bipolar plates were also characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and so on. The composite prepared with 50 wt% of EG has shown the desired properties for bipolar plate as per the US Department of Energy (DOE‐2015) targets. As a result, the EG–resin composites can be used as bipolar plates for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell applications. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:917–923, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) resin under pressure

The process of depolymerization of PET resin by EG glycolysis under pressure is investigated. The kinetics of this pressurized depolymerization of PET resin is discussed. It was found that the rate of depolymerization is dependent of temperature, pressure, and concentration ratio of EG to PET. The rate of depolymerization is proportional to the square of EG concentration and faster than that under atmospheric pressure. Glycolyzed products under pressure consist of the PET monomer, BHET, and oligomers, mostly dimer and trimer. An equilibrium between BHET and oligomers is attained quickly soon after the depolymerization step is completed in the case of a higher ratio of EG/PET used. In the case of lower ratio of EG/PET, the final product now consists of higher molecular weight of oligomers rather than monomer, dimer, and trimer.     

EG与IFR复合阻燃ABS的动态燃烧性和协同效应

将可膨胀石墨(EG)与P-N型膨胀阻燃剂(IFR)复合阻燃丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)树脂,阻燃剂添加量为20%(质量分数,下同),通过极限氧指数(LOI)仪、垂直燃烧测试(UL-94)仪、锥形量热(CONE)仪和扫描电镜(SEM)研究了EG与IFR复合阻燃ABS的协同效应。结果表明,EG/IFR质量比为1/1为最佳配比,阻燃ABS的LOI达到29%,UL-94为V-0级;EG与IFR复合阻燃ABS,表现出一定的协同作用;通过SEM观察ABS/EG/IFR试样燃烧后样品发现,EG与IFR起到协同阻燃作用。     

酸性树脂催化1,4-丁烯二醇制备2,5-二氢呋喃

提出1,4-丁烯二醇在酸性条件下脱水关环制备2,5-二氢呋喃的反应机理。实验对照了磺酸基树脂D61、D72以及膦酸基树脂LSC-500的催化性能,在5小时的反应过程中,它们的催化活性均逐渐下降,其中D61活性最强,平均每克催化剂1小时转化2.96克1,4-丁烯二醇,D61和D72的收率逐渐下降,LSC-500的收率最高而且比较稳定,保持在80%以上。     

EG阻燃热固性聚苯乙烯泡沫保温板的性能

以可发性聚苯乙烯(EPS)为基材,利用酚醛树脂(PF)作为包覆剂,可膨胀石墨(EG)作为阻燃剂,利用包覆法,制备了一种无卤环保、阻燃性能好、力学性能优良的热固性PS外墙泡沫保温板。研究了PF与EG对EPS保温板阻燃及力学性能的影响,探究了阻燃机理。结果表明,使用PF作为包覆剂制得的EPS/PF泡沫保温板力学性能尤其是压缩强度明显提高,当PF用量为90份时,LOI值可由18%提升至27.9%;阻燃剂EG的加入,使得保温板的阻燃性能及压缩性能进一步提高,当添加4份的EG时,保温板的压缩强度最高,LOI值达到了29.4%,垂直燃烧等级达到V–0级,残炭率由纯EPS的10%提高到50%。     

EG与IFR复合阻燃ABS协同效应及热失重行为研究

将可膨胀石墨(EG)、P-N型膨胀阻燃(剂IFR)与ABS树脂共混,制作复合阻燃材料。用氧指数(OI)、UL 94测试和锥形量热仪(CONE)探讨了EG与IFR复合阻燃ABS的协同效应。通过热失重分析(TG)研究了阻燃ABS体系的热失重行为。结果表明:EG与IFR协同阻燃ABS,OI达到29%,UL 94为V-0级,热释放速率大幅度降低,EG与IFR复合阻燃ABS具有一定的协同效应;在空气气氛下,EG与IFR可以相互促进成炭,且形成的炭层稳定在,850℃也不会分解。     

Properties and microstructure of expandable graphite particles pulverized with an ultra-high-speed mixer

The expandable graphite (EG) particles were pulverized to achieve different and smaller sizes using an ultra-high-speed mixer. The microstructure of particles was observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The as-received EG particles showed an irregular flake shape. With the increase of the mixing time, the EG particles tended to be circular and the collapses and cracks in the EG surfaces appeared, and their average diameter and average area rapidly reduced. At the same time, their expansion volume after thermal treatment greatly decreased, resulting from the reduction of particle sizes and the direct release of the oxidant inside the EG particles instead of exfoliating the particles. The expanded EG particles revealed the typical wormlike structure.     

Jatropha curcas oil based alkyd/epoxy resin/expanded graphite (EG) reinforced bio-composite: Evaluation of the thermal,mechanical and flame retardancy properties

Bio-composites were prepared from blends of Jatropha curcas oil based alkyd and epoxy resin with different weight percentage of expanded graphite (EG). The effect of EG loading on the thermal, mechanical, flame retardancy and water absorption properties of the bio-composites were studied. Significant improvement in thermal and mechanical properties was observed with 5 wt% EG loading. The prepared bio-composites were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffractometry and tensile strength measurement. Morphological study showed the homogeneous dispersion of the EG sheets in the resin matrix. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the bio-composites showed a noticeable improvement in flame retardancy in comparison to neat blend of alkyd and epoxy resin. In vitro degradation of the bio-composites showed low degradation in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4).