柔软型自交联涂料印花粘合剂PB的研制

合成了柔软型自交联聚丙烯酸酯类涂料印花粘合剂,并对单体的配比、乳化剂的配比及用量、引发剂用量、反应温度和时间进行研究,确定了最佳合成工艺。     

柔软型自交联涂料印花粘合剂的研制

合成了柔软型自交联聚丙烯酸酯类涂料印花粘合剂，井对单体的配虑、乳化剂的配虑及用量、引发剂用量、反应温度和时间进行了研究，确定了最佳合成工艺。     

塑料膜复合用水性丙烯酸胶黏剂的研究

采用乳液聚合法制备了一种水性丙烯酸胶黏剂,可用于塑料膜的复合。研究了功能单体、乳化剂、引发剂对胶黏剂性能的影响。结果发现,软/硬单体比例为60/40~65/35,功能单体AA与HEA占丙烯酸单体用量的5%,乳化剂占丙烯酸单体用量的1%～2%,引发剂占丙烯酸单体用量的0.6%,得到的乳液胶黏剂性能最佳,其剥离强度最高可达1.8N/15mm。     

环保型涂料印花粘合剂的研制

选用了多种交联单体参与乳液聚合,确定丙烯酸丁酯为软单体,甲基丙烯酸甲酯和苯乙烯为硬单体,软、硬比为5:1,选用环氧丙烯酸酯为活性单体,用量为5%～6%,阴、非离子乳化剂用量比例1:2～3,乳化剂为2.5%～3%,引发剂用量0.3%,温度控制在80～85℃,合成的粘合剂在使用过程中不会释放游离甲醛,产品性能如摩擦牢度、手感、成膜性能及乳液稳定性优良,属新一代的环保型粘合剂。     

氨基硅油改性核壳型涂料印花胶黏剂的制备

采用氨基硅油通过预乳化连续滴加法制备了有机硅改性丙烯酸核壳型涂料印花胶黏剂,讨论了主要影响因素对乳液稳定性及产品性能的影响.结果表明,交联单体量为5.0%～7.0%,核壳比为1.7/1,核层与壳层的玻璃化温度分别为-30℃及0℃,乳化剂量为3.5%,尤其是氨基硅油量为5.0%,可制得性能稳定的乳液及牢度好、手感柔软、弹性好、有光泽及低黏连性的涂料印花胶黏剂.采用红外光谱（IR）、透射电镜（TEM）及示差扫描量热法（DSC）对氨基硅油改性核壳型聚合物进行结构表征.IR图中观察到加入氨基硅油后聚合物的特征吸收峰发生的变化,而TEM图观察不到明显的核壳结构,DSC显示出一个玻璃化转变温度.     

新型低温型聚丙烯酸酯乳液的合成

采用种子乳液聚合法合成新型低温反应型聚丙烯酸酯乳液粘合剂,即以丙烯酸丁酯（BA）、丙烯酸异辛酯（EHA）、苯乙烯（St）为软、硬单体,丙烯酸（AA）为功能单体,以过硫酸钾为引发剂,并选用一种适当的交联单体合成了性能优良的聚丙烯酸酯涂料印花粘合剂。讨论了引发剂用量、乳化剂用量、阴／非离子乳化剂的配比、乳液滴加时间、保温时间等对聚合物的影响。确定了乳液聚合最佳工艺条件：乳化剂用量为o8％,阴／非乳化剂质量比为4：3,引发剂用量为0．8％,乳液滴加时间60min,保温时间60min。     

丙烯酸乳液胶粘剂的研究

采用半连续乳液聚合工艺,以MMA、BA、AA等为主要单体,加入乳化剂、引发剂、交联剂,经共聚反应,合成自交联型丙烯酸酯乳液胶粘剂。讨论了聚合机理,考查了固含量、离子稳定性、离心稳定性、剥离强度、拉伸强度、粒径、黏度等多项性能;根据综合的性能测试,分析了单体种类及配比、共聚物的玻璃化温度、丙烯酸用量、乳化剂用量及配比、引发剂用量、温度等因素对乳液型胶粘剂性能的影响,得出了最适宜的反应条件和胶粘剂最佳配方。通过性能对比,表明自交联型丙烯酸酯乳液胶黏剂性能更为优异。     

醋酸乙烯酯-大豆蛋白接枝共聚乳液胶黏剂的研制

以尿素和亚硫酸钠改性大豆蛋白,与醋酸乙烯酯等复合单体在过硫酸铵引发下进行接枝共聚,合成了性能较好的醋酸乙烯酯-大豆蛋白接枝共聚乳液胶黏剂,降低了原料成本.研究了不同反应条件对乳液胶黏剂性能的影响,优化的反应条件是以聚乙烯醇作保护胶体,采用半连续乳液聚合工艺,复合单体与大豆蛋白比例为3.0:1,引发剂用量1.2%(占单体质量),反应温度控制在70～75℃,共聚时间4.5h,制备的乳液胶黏剂具有最大剪切强度和良好综合性能.     

自交联丙烯酸弹性乳液的合成研究及应用

利用双丙酮丙烯酰胺(DAAM)和己二酸二酰肼(ADH),合成了一种自交联丙烯酸弹性乳液,研究和分析了交联单体添加量、乳液玻璃化温度、乳化剂和引发剂及其加量对乳液及其弹性涂料性能的影响。研究表明,交联单体添加1.5%～2.0%,乳液玻璃化温度为-35～-25℃,乳化剂采用反应型和阴离子复配的乳化剂,其添加量为1.5%～2.0%,并使用过硫酸盐引发剂,其添加量为0.5%～1.0%,采用种子乳液聚合工艺,合成的乳液性能最好,制备的弹性涂料具有优异的力学性能和高耐沾污性。     

自交联型丙烯酸酯微乳液的研制

采用反应型乳化剂和阴非离子型乳化剂进行复配,以过硫酸钾作为热引发剂,通过半连续种子乳液聚合法制得了性能优异的自交联型丙烯酸酯微乳液.研究发现混合乳化剂用量占单体总量3%(其中种子阶段的乳化剂用量为2.5%)、丙烯酸用量2%、电解质用量0.15%、引发剂用量0.3%(其中种子阶段的引发剂用量为0.225%),中和率在70%～75%时,微乳液固含量高(47.5%)、粒径小(<70 nm)、凝胶量低且漆膜光泽高.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。