多膛炉制备煤基活性炭的中试研究

采用多膛炉中试装置制备活性炭产品的研究表明,在不提高活化层温度条件下,在一定范围内增加炭化料在炉内的停留时间,可以适当提高活性炭产品的吸附性能;通入水蒸汽增加活化层数可以在一定程度上增加活性炭产品的碘值;活化温度对制备活性炭产品的影响最为明显,将活化层的最高温度提升至948℃可制得碘值约910 mg/g的活性炭产品。     

染料废水处理用煤质颗粒活性炭多膛炉热再生工业试验研究

采用多膛炉再生染料废水处理用煤质颗粒活性炭,并通过调节去水螺旋机频率、离心机转速、中轴电机频率、燃烧器阀门开度、助燃风机频率、蒸汽阀门开度等参数,研究饱和活性炭水分、活化温度、停留时间、尾气余氧量、水蒸气量等因素对再生效果的影响,并确定最佳再生条件.结果表明,当饱和活性炭水分控制在25％、活化温度为600℃～800℃、...     

多膛炉在活性炭工业上的应用

为了提高颗粒活性炭的利用效率,必须对已经饱和的活性炭进行再生。多炉膛是活性炭生产和再生的主要设备。介绍了多炉膛的结构及其工艺流程,并从5个方面介绍了其主要优点。详细分析了多炉膛在活性炭生产和再生过程中的主要工艺参数,包括炉内温度、中轴转速、炉膛压力和活化蒸汽量。最后指出随着颗粒活性炭在水处理、果葡糖浆脱色等行业的大量应用,多炉膛用于规模化生产和再生颗粒活性炭的前景也十分广阔。     

多管活化炉的技术改造

介绍对多管活化炉增加活化管的技术改造,提高了活性炭的产量,质量,并延长了炉体寿命,企业取得了较好的经济效益。     

多管活化炉的技术改造

介绍对多管活化炉增加活化管的技术改造 ,提高了活性炭的产量、质量 ,并延长了炉体寿命 ,企业取得了较好的经济效益     

隧道活化炉氯化锌法生产粉状活性炭的试验

本文介绍以木屑为原料，采用氯化锌法在隧道活化炉生产粉状活性炭的新工艺。中试生产规模３０－５０ｔ／ｙ，产品质量均达到或超过部颁标准，废气，废水大大低于国家排放标准，减少对环境的污染。     

回转活化炉生产煤质活性炭

本文叙述了我国研制的第一台回转活化炉生产煤质活性炭的工艺流程及操作过程。利用该炉能生产出质量合格、成本低廉的煤质活性炭,而且生产工艺条件均优于常用的斯列普活化炉。     

隧道活化炉氯化锌法生产粉状活性炭的试验

本文介绍以木屑为原料，采用氯化锌法在隧道活化炉生产粉状活性炭的新工艺。中试生产规模３０～５０ｔ／ｙ，产品质量均达到或超过部颁标准，废气、废水大大低于国家排放标准，减少对环境的污染。     

斯列普活化炉尾气的回收利用

我国煤质活性炭的生产绝大多数采用斯列普活化炉进行活化。生产过程中蒸汽消耗量大,蒸汽费用占成本比重高。为了节约蒸汽,降低生产成本,通过工艺改进进行活化炉尾气回收再利用,减少热量损耗,加快炉内气体循环,改善炉内活化气氛,加快活化过程,提高活化炉的生产能力,提升产品质量,减少尾气排放量。该工艺改进技术可行,环保节能,经济效益显著。     

煤基活性炭生产用斯列普活化炉生产工艺探讨

讨论了煤基活性炭生产用斯列普活化炉合理工艺的控制,探讨了降低煤基活性炭生产成本,提高活性炭质量的途径。     

废聚苯乙烯泡沫制备颗粒活性炭

研究了以废聚苯乙烯泡沫为原料制备颗粒活性炭的工艺过程。在将聚苯乙烯炭化(600~650℃)后,采用物理活化法(水蒸气)进行了系列实验,活化时间为60 min,活化温度范围800~950℃。实验结果表明,聚苯乙烯炭化物是制备颗粒活性炭的良好原料。不定型颗粒产品灰分低于0.20%,微孔发达,碘值在1200 mg/g以上;定型活性炭比表面积在1400 m2/g以上,碘值达到1100 mg/g。     

Dynamic modeling of a multiple hearth furnace for kaolin calcination

A dynamic model of a multiple hearth kaolin calciner has been developed and is presented in this article. This model describes the physical‐chemical phenomena taking place in the six furnace parts: the solid phase, gas phase, walls, cooling air, rabble arms, and the central shaft. The solid phase movement, in particular, is described by a novel mixing model. The mixing model divides the solid bed in a hearth into volumes and the distribution of their contents, after one full central shaft rotation, is identified by the pilot experiments. First, the model is validated by the industrial data, and then the dynamics of the multiple hearth furnace is studied by introducing step changes to the three manipulated variables: the feed rate, and the gas, and air flows supplied. The responses of the gas phase temperature and solid bed component profiles are analysed and the results are discussed. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 3683–3698, 2015     

CO_2活化生物质水解残渣制备活性炭的正交实验

以玉米秸秆酸水解残渣为原料、CO2为活化剂,制备了一系列活性炭,采用正交试验方法分析了原料颗粒大小、CO2/N2体积比、活化温度、活化时间4个因素对生物质水解残渣原料活性炭的比表面积、孔径和得率的影响。正交试验结果表明,活化温度和CO2/N2体积比是影响该类活性炭吸附性能的主要因素。制备的活性炭产品最大比表面积达到845.4m2/g,对应的制备工艺:原料颗粒50目、CO2/N2体积比1∶1、活化温度1000℃、活化时间210min。     

Nutshells as granular activated carbons: physical,chemical and adsorptive properties

Nutshells from seven different sources (pistachio, hazelnut, almond, black walnut, English walnut, macadamia nut, pecan) were converted to granular activated carbons (GACs) by carbon dioxide activation. A portion of the GACs were oxidized with compressed air and the physical (yield, surface area, attrition), chemical (pH, surface charge) and adsorptive (organics uptake, metal ion uptake) properties of both oxidized and non‐oxidized carbons were determined. Differences in uptake of organics, especially of polar compounds, were found between GACs made from almond shells, the group consisting of black walnut shells, English walnut shells and pecan shells, and macadamia nutshells. Oxidation had its greatest effects on pH, surface charge and uptake of metal ions. The changes due to oxidation were found to be independent of carbon source material. GACs with specific properties can be produced with judicious selection of carbon precursor and oxidative treatment. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

颗粒活性炭用于盐湖卤水净化脱色的研究

为降低色度对盐化工产品质量的影响,提高盐湖卤水综合利用的产品附加值,采用颗粒活性炭对盐湖卤水净化脱色.通过静态吸附实验,探讨了活性炭的用量、温度、pH对脱色率的影响.研究结果表明:每50 mL卤水加入6 g颗粒炭,在pH=2,90℃下吸附9 h,卤水脱色率达到70%.卤水自身的高离子强度和高粘度使得水分子流动性差,进而严重制约吸附效率的提高.投入大量的吸附剂和延长吸附时间亦能提高吸附效率,但成本也随之增加,在实际应用中意义不大.改善吸附工艺条件是提高吸附效率的关键所在.     

Kinetics of removal of p-toluene sulphonic acid from concentrated solution by granular activated carbon

The removal of p-toluene sulphonic acid (p-TSA) from concentrated solution by granular activated carbon (GAC) was studied in batch experiments. The first order rate constant was found to be 5.5010 × 10^?5 s^?1 for a solution of 1000 mg dm^?3. In order to establish the rate limiting step the pore and film diffusion coefficients were calculated from the half time equations. Film diffusion was found to be rate limiting. The average value of the external mass transport rate constant was 2.91 × 10^?6 cm s^?1. The adsorption isotherm was adequately described by the Langmuir model and belongs to type ‘H’ of Giles' classification.     

活性炭颗粒载体厌氧同步去除COD和含氮污染物

以活性炭颗粒为填料构建厌氧污水处理系统。以葡萄糖作为单一碳源,当进水中葡萄糖的质量浓度为500 mg/L时,COD的去除率最高为87.9%。系统对NH4+-N和NO3--N的最高去除率分别为60.3%和95.2%;同时出水中NO2--N没有明显的积累,始终低于0.55 mg/L。这表明以活性炭为填料的厌氧污水处理系统能有效降低反硝化菌及其代谢产物对厌氧消化菌的抑制,实现COD和含氮污染物的协同、高效去除。     

Adsorption of selected environmentally important metals by poultry manure‐based granular activated carbons

Water quality and public health impacts of mass produced poultry manure have prompted the need for viable conversion and reuse solutions. Conversion of poultry manure to value‐added granular activated carbons for environmental remediation can be such a solution. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of poultry manure‐based carbons for the adsorption of selected metal ions (copper, cadmium, nickel, zinc) from solutions containing individual ions or the four metal ions present together. Adsorption properties for poultry manure‐based carbons were compared with those of two commercial carbons, PūR RF and Minotaur, and carbons from three traditional precursors, coal, coconut and wood. Pelletized samples were pyrolyzed at 700 °C for 1 h followed by 800 °C steam activation at 1, 3 and 5 mL min^?1 water flow rate, for 30 and 45 min, under nitrogen. The carbon's ability to adsorb the metals was influenced by the activation strategy, increasing for longer activation times and higher water flow rates, in the presence of a single metal solution. Saturation conditions were achieved at 20 mM and, at 5 mM , almost all metal ion in solution was adsorbed, except for nickel. Carbons showed similar affinity towards copper, cadmium and zinc, individually. However, when in competition, at 5 mM of each metal, manure‐based carbons showed a preference for Cu²⁺ followed by Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺. Poultry manure‐based carbons outperformed all reference carbons and PūR RF, and, except for Ni²⁺, Minotaur was also outperformed. Experiments showed that the highest removal rate in a competition situation was obtained for broiler‐cake carbon activated for 45 min at 3 mL min^?1, with 93.1%, 50.9% and 85.2% for copper, cadmium and zinc ions, respectively. Published in 2005 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

酚醛树脂基活性炭材料的制备及其电化学性能

以酚醛树脂（PF）为原料,聚乙二醇（PEG）为造孔剂,采用聚合物共混炭化及水蒸气活化法制备超级电容器电极用活性炭。通过热重（TG）分析探讨了PF、PEG及其共混物（PF-PEG）在升温过程中的热解行为,用N₂-BET法测试比表面积及其孔结构参数。通过测试恒流充放电、循环伏安和交流阻抗曲线分析其电化学性能,研究了活化温度、水蒸气流速及活化时间对活性炭孔结构及电化学性能的影响。结果表明,当活化温度为900℃、水蒸气流速为1 ml·min^-1、活化时间为2 h时制备的活性炭结构和性能相对较好,孔径主要分布在2 nm以下,比电容达到105.4 F·g^-1,具有良好的电容特性。