新型相容剂的合成及应用研究

合成了接枝率分别为86%和20%的两亲性超支化聚(胺-酯)(A-HPAE),并研究了其对PVC/PP共混体系的增容作用。讨论了A-HPAE的用量和接枝率对PVC/PP共混体系力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,在PVC/PP共混物中加入接枝率为86%的2份A-HPAE时能很好改善共混体系的相容性,使共混物拉伸强度和断裂伸长率达到最大值;氯元素的X射线能谱微区分析研究结果证明A-HPAE提高了共混物两组分间的相容性。     

PP-HBP改性PP／PVO的流变行为

研究了聚丙烯接枝超支化聚（酰胺酯）（PPHBP）／PP／聚氯乙烯（PVC）共混体系的流变行为。讨论了PP-HBP用煮对PP／PVC共混体系流变行为的影响。结果表明，当PP／PVC共混体系中加入PPHBP不大于5份时，PP／PVC／PPHBP共混体系的表观粘度大于PP／PVc共混体系的；当加入PP—HBP大于5份时，PP／PVC／PP-HBP共混体系的表观粘度小于PP／PVC共混体系的；随着温度升高，PP／PVC和PP／PVC／PP—HBP共混体系表观粘度减小。     

PP-g-(GMA-co-St)增容PVC/PP共混物的研究

制备了一种新型的多单体接枝PP[PP-g-（GMA—co—St）]，研究了其对聚氯乙烯／聚丙烯（PVC／PP）共混体系的增容作用。讨论了接枝PP用量对共混物的界面相互作用、力学性能、耐热变形性能和加工流变性能的影响，并通过扫描电镜（SEM）对共混物的微观相结构进行了观察。结果表明，该接枝PP对PVC／PP共混体系有较好的增容效果，接枝PP的加入使共混物的界面相互作用增强。共混物的力学性能在接枝PP用量为20份时最佳；熔体流动速率在其质量分数为20％后下降缓慢，共混物的耐热变形性能随PP—g-（GMA—co—St）用量的增加而增强。     

超支化聚（酰胺-酯）对聚丙烯／聚氯乙烯／苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物接枝聚丙烯共混体系的增容作用

研究了超支化聚(酰胺-酯)(HBP))对聚丙烯/聚氯乙烯/苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物接枝聚丙烯共混体系[PP/PVC/PP-g-(St-co-MMA)]的增容作用。讨论了HBP的用量对PP/PVC(80/20)共混物力学性能的影响；研究了剪切应力、剪切速率和温度对PP/PVC(80/20)共混物熔体黏度的影响。实验结果表明在PP/PVC/PP-g-(St-co-MMA)(80/20/6)共混物中加入1份HBP时，就可以很好改善共混体系的相容性，使共混物拉伸强度达到最大值，同时使熔体表观黏度达到较小值。该共混物熔体属于假塑性流体。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究结果证明了HBP增强了PP/PVC/PP-g-(St-co-MMA)的界面粘结作用，减小了共混体系的相分离程度。     

PP/PVC/PP-g-(St-co-MMA)的形态结构

以苯乙烯一甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物接枝聚丙烯[PP—g-（St—co—MMA）]为相容剂，利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和x射线能谱仪（EDS）对PP／PVC／PP—g-（St—co-MMA）的形态结构进行了研究。由x射线能谱微区分析得到了共混物中氯元素面分布图，对氯元素面分布进行了粒径统计。结果表明，在PP／PVC中加入PP-g-（St—co—MMA）相容剂，共混物亚微观相形态结构发生了变化。PP—g-（St—co—MMA）能够明显降低PP／PVC共混物中PVC分散相的分散尺寸，提高共混物两相之间的相容性。改变相容剂的用量和共混物的组成，都对体系的形态结构产生影响。     

PP/PVC/PP-HBP共混体系研究

研究了聚丙烯接枝超支化聚(酰胺-酯)(PP-HBP)对聚丙烯／聚氯乙烯(PP／PVC)共混体系力学性能的影响。结果表明，在PP／PVC(质量比为70／30)共混体系中加入5份PP-HBP时，共混物拉伸强度和冲击强度均出现最大值。扫描电子显微镜（SEM)研究结果证明，PP-HBP增强了PP／PVC的界面粘结作用，减小了共混体系的相分离程度。     

乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物对聚氯乙烯／聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响

以乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物（EMMA）为增容剂制备了聚氯乙烯（PVC）／聚丙烯（PP）复合材料．采用DSC表征了复合材料的相容性,用WDW3020微控电子万能实验机、XCJ-40电子冲击实验机测试了复合材料的力学性能;并与氯化聚乙烯（CPE）增容PVC／PP共混体系进行了比较。试验结果表明：EMMA能显著改善PVC与PP的相容性。当增容剂用量为9份时,与未增容PVC／PP体系相比。缺口冲击强度,拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别提高了191％,70％,41％;与CPE增容PVC／PP体系相比,缺口冲击强度,拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别提高了44％,39％,12％。     

聚丙烯/超高摩尔质量聚乙烯共混物的结构与性能研究

研究了不同物料比和加工工艺对聚丙烯（PP）／超高摩尔质量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）共混体系性能的影响。结果表明，PP／UHMWPE共混体系具有比音一组分更高的冲击性能，当体系中UHMWPE的质量分数为60％时，共混物的冲击强度高达101kJ/m^2，分别是PP的1．8倍和UHMWPE的1．3倍，将UHMWPE加入PP中可明显降低PP的摩擦系数，提高其耐磨性，而适量UHMWPE加入PP中，对UHMWPE的耐磨性能无不良影响，对以PP为连续相的共混体系，混炼方式对共混物的性能影响大，偏光显微镜分析表明，当PP／UHMWPE共混体系中UHMWPE的质量分数大于40％时，就很难观察到明显的PP大球晶结构，DSC分析显示，PP／UHMWPE共混物出现了两纯组分熔点的结晶熔融峰，PP／UHMWPE为热力学不相容体系。     

PP/EPM共混体系的制备开发应用

采用聚丙烯（PP）、二元乙丙橡胶（EPM），并加入一定量的低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）和增塑剂，熔融共混制备PP／EPM共混体系，并对体系进行力学性能和结构分析。结果表明，在熔融共混过程中，加入EPM可以降低PP的拉伸屈服强度，共混时螺杆转速对共混体系的拉伸屈服强度的影响不大；在PP／EPM=40／60的共混体系中，加入16％的LDPE后，共混体系的拉伸屈服强度可降低到4．59MPa；在PP／EPM／LDPE=30／50／20的共混体系中，加入3％的DOP或4．5％的ATBC后，共混体系的拉伸屈服强度分别降低至4、08MPa和4．05MPa，组份粒径细化，可以用作易开启式输液瓶外盖用料。     

PVC／PP共混体系的力学性能及其影响因素

本文系统研究了共混条件及共混体组成对PVC／PP共混物力学性能的影响。结果表明，在单螺杆挤出造粒两遍情况下，共混温度为180℃，螺杆转速为40rpm，一次投料直接共混制得的产物力学性能较好，CPE用量5－10份（相对于100份PVC，以下同）为宜，PP用量应控制在5－20份以内，制备硬质或半硬质材料，DOP用量宜少于20份。熔融指数大的PP的共混物与熔融指数较小的PP检共混物力学性能相差不大。PVC／PP共混物可以在拉伸性能降低不大情况下，提高PVC的冲击性能。     

超支化聚（酰胺-酯）／ABS／聚氯乙烯共混体系相容性研究

研究了超支化聚(酰胺-酯)(HBP)对ABS/聚氯乙烯(ABS/PVC)共混体系的增容作用。讨论了HBP用量对ABS/PVC(80/20)和相同量HBP对不同比例ABS/PVC力学性能的影响。实验结果表明ABS/PVC共混物中加入HBP,可以有效改善共混体系的相容性;加入2份HBP时,ABS/PVC(80/20)共混物拉伸强度达到最大值,继续增加HBP,共混物拉伸强度快速下降,而共混物冲击强度单调下降;不同比例ABS/PVC中加入2份HBP共混物拉伸强度比未加入HBP共混物拉伸强度增加,但共混物冲击强度减小。扫描电子显微镜研究结果证明了HBP增强了ABS/PVC的界面黏结作用,减小了共混体系的相分离程度。     

羧基化聚丙烯对聚丙烯／极性聚合物的增容作用

探讨了一种全新方法制备的羧基化聚丙烯(EPP)在聚丙烯／聚酰胺(PP／PA6)，聚丙烯／聚乙烯醇(PP／PVA)共混物制备过程中的增容作用。实验结果表明，EPP的加入，使共混物的拉伸强度显著提高；扫描电镜及偏光显微形态分析表明，EPP改善了共混物的相容性，是一种性能优良、价廉、易得且环境友好的偶联剂。     

Compatibilization of polypropylene/nylon 6 blends with a polypropylene solid‐phase graft

The compatibilization of polypropylene (PP)/nylon 6 (PA6) blends with a new PP solid‐phase graft copolymer (gPP) was systematically studied. gPP improved the compatibility of PP/PA6 blends efficiently. Because of the reaction between the reactive groups of gPP and the NH₂ end groups of PA6, a PP‐g‐PA6 copolymer was formed as a compatibilizer in the vicinity of the interfaces during the melting extrusion of gPP and PA6. The tensile strength and impact strength of the compatibilized PP/PA6 blends obviously increased in comparison with those of the PP/PA6 mechanical blends, and the amount of gPP and the content of the third monomer during the preparation of gPP affected the mechanical properties of the compatibilized blends. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy indicated that the particle sizes of the dispersed phases of the compatibilized PP/PA6 blends became smaller and that the interfaces became more indistinct in comparison with the mechanical blends. The microcrystal size of PA6 and the crystallinity of the two components of the PP/PA6 blends decreased after compatibilization with gPP. The compatibilized PP/PA6 blends possessed higher pseudoplasticity, melt viscosity, and flow activation energy. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 420–427, 2004     

Influence of the Addition of Tetrabutyl Orthotitanate on the Rheological,Mechanical, Thermal,and Morphological Properties of Polycarbonate/Poly(Ethylene terephthalate) Blends

The effects of the incorporation of tetrabutyl orthotitanate (TBOT) on the mechanical, thermal, rheological, and morphological properties of polycarbonate (PC)/ poly(ethylene terephthalate) PET blends were investigated. Blends were prepared using a screw extrusion with TBOT's rates varying from 0 to 0.25 phr. Rheological and mechanical investigations showed that the blends properties decreased by chain scissions induced by the degradation of PET and by volatile products release. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed that the crystallinity of PET in PC/PET blends is affected by many parameters and does not depend only on PC and TBOT concentrations whereas dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) support the occurrence of a little compatibilization.     

Rheological behavior of polypropylene/novolac blends

The rheological behavior of polypropylene/novolac blends was investigated with special reference to the effects of the blend ratio, compatibilization, and dynamic cure. The polypropylene and all the polypropylene/novolac blends presented evidence of shear‐thinning behavior. The novolac, compatibilizer, and dynamic cure had dramatic effects on the rheological behavior of the polypropylene. Various rheological plots, including plots of the viscosity, storage modulus, loss modulus, and loss angle, Han plots, and Cole–Cole plots, were used to analyze the polypropylene/novolac blends. The results showed that the compatibilization together with the dynamic cure could increase the viscosity and modulus because of the formation of a grafting polymer between the maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene and the curing novolac resin. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007     

High Strength and Barrier Properties of Biodegradable PPC/PBSA Blends Prepared by Reaction Compatibilization for Promising Application in Packaging

Poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC)/poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) blends are prepared via melt mixing using a twin-screw extruder. A one-step method based on the reaction compatibilization mechanism is used to prepare PPC/PBSA/AX8900(ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate random terpolymer) blends. The films of blends are prepared by an extrusion blown film machine. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results show that there is a strong hydrogen bonding between PPC and PBSA. The epoxy group of AX8900 can react with molecular chains of PPC and PBSA. It is shown from the rheological behavior that AX8900 can extend the molecular chains and increase the compatibility of PPC and PBSA. The films of PPC/PBSA blends exhibit more orientation structure than pure PPC film. The tensile strength of machine direction and transverse direction for 70PPC/30PBSA/1AX8900 film is higher than that for pure PPC film. The PPC/PBSA/AX8900 films have similar excellent barrier properties, compared with PPC film. The modified Maxwell theoretical model is used to predict and analyze changes in film barrier properties.     

相容剂对PBT／PC共混物力学性能的影响

利用聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)与聚碳酸酯(PC)之间的酯交换反应制备了几种PBT与PC的相容剂。相容剂对PBT／PC共混物力学性能的影响的研究表明：加入相容剂改善了PBT与PC两相间的相容性，共混体系力学性能得到提高。通过红外光谱分析得知，PBT、与PC之间的酯交换反应促进了PBT／PC共混体系的相容性，酯交换反应越强烈，得到的产物作为相容剂对PBT／PC共混体系的增容作用越明显；酯交换反应程度适中，得到的产物作为相容剂增容作用适中，共混体系综合力学性能较好。     

In situ compatibilization of HDPE/PET blends

The reactive compatibilization of immiscible polymers such as high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) by interfacial grafting of maleic anhydride (MA) without initiator in the molten state was investigated in this study. Grafting reaction of MA onto HDPE was carried out in a Rheocord HAAKE mixer varying reaction parameters such as the temperature, the shear rate, and the time of reaction. Then, the purified copolymers were characterized by infrared spectrometry and the MA content of HDPE‐g‐MA copolymers was determined by volumetric titration. It has been shown that thermomechanical initiation is sufficient to reach grafting yield of 0.3 to 2.5 wt % of MA. We studied then the compatibilization of HDPE/PET blends by interfacial grafting of MA. The in situ interfacial reaction leads to the formation of HDPE‐g‐MA copolymer which acts as a compatibilizer in the blends. The foremost interest of this work is that it provides a simple way of compatibilization of immiscible blends of polyolefin and polyester in one transformation step without using free‐radical initiators. The mechanical properties of the blends are strongly improved by the addition of small quantities of MA. The SEM observations of the compatibilized blends show a deep modification of the structure (i.e., enhanced regularity in the nodule dispersion and better interfacial adhesion). © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 874–880, 2001     

Toughening of polypropylene with styrene/ethylene‐butylene/styrene triblock copolymer: Effects of reactive and nonreactive compatibilization

The effects of the compatibilization on the toughening of polypropylene (PP) by melt blending with styrene/ethylene‐butylene/styrene triblock copolymer (SEBS) in a twin‐screw extruder were investigated. The compatibilizers used were an SEBS functionalized with maleic anhydride, a PP functionalized with acrylic acid, and a bifunctional compound, p‐phenylenediamine (PPD). The effects of the compatibilization were evaluated through the mechanical properties and by the determination of the phase morphology of the blends by scanning electron microscopy. Reactive compatibilized blends show up to a 30‐fold increase in impact strength compared to neat PP, which was likely to have been due to the reaction of the bifunctional compound (PPD) with the acid acrylic and maleic anhydride groups, which rendered both morphological and mechanical stability to these blends. The addition of the PPD to the blends significantly changed their phase morphologies, leading to larger dispersed particles' average diameters, probably due to the morphological stabilization at the initial processing steps during extrusion, with the occurrence of the chemical reactions. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 1081–1094, 2003