胜利原油活性组分对原油-甜菜碱溶液体系油-水界面张力的影响

采用传统的柱色谱四组分分离方法（SARA）将胜利孤岛原油分离得到沥青质、饱和分、芳香分和胶质,采用碱醇液法萃取原油得到酸性组分。测定了正构烷烃、煤油以及原油活性组分模拟油与2种不同疏水结构的甜菜碱溶液组成的体系的油 水界面张力。结果表明,在原油活性组分模拟油 甜菜碱溶液体系中,直链甜菜碱由于疏水基团较小,与原油活性组分尤其是酸性组分和胶质发生正协同效应的混合吸附,使油 水界面上表面活性剂分子的含量增加,界面膜的排布更紧密,导致油 水界面张力降低;支链甜菜碱由于具有较大尺寸的疏水基团,煤油中少量的活性物质即可将油 水界面张力降至超低(<10-3 mN/m),而原油活性组分的加入,则使界面上表面活性剂分子的排布被破坏,削弱了界面膜原有的紧密性,导致油 水界面张力大幅度升高。     

界面张力弛豫方法研究复合驱油水界面膜的扩张性质

界面张力弛豫方法是研究油水界面膜微观性质极为有效的方法。采用该方法研究了驱油体系中化学剂如聚合物、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、碱对原油活性组分界面膜扩张黏弹性质的影响，考察了界面上的微观弛豫过程。研究发现，驱油体系中化学剂均对原油活性组分界面膜的性质有一定的影响，尤其是聚合物和碱的加入使界面上出现了特征时间在10^3s数量级的慢弛豫过程，大大增强了界面膜的弹性。表面活性剂与活性组分间的相互作用造成扩张黏性部分明显变化，而弹性变化不大。图6表1参5     

界面张力弛豫法研究胜利原油活性组分与疏水缔合聚合物间相互作用

利用界面张力弛豫法研究了现场用疏水改性聚丙烯酰胺(HMPAM)在油-水体系中的界面扩张流变性质。采用溶剂萃取法和碱醇溶液萃取法对胜利原油进行分离,得到沥青质组分和酸性组分,测定了它们在油-水体系中对HMPAM界面扩张流变性质的影响。结果表明,在油-水体系中,HMPAM分子间通过疏水作用在油-水界面上形成网络结构,造成界面膜弹性随其浓度增加呈指数增大;原油酸性组分分子与HMPAM的疏水部分相互作用,阻碍界面网络结构的形成,大大降低了界面膜的弹性和黏性;沥青质分子尺寸较大,对界面膜影响较小。     

界面张力弛豫方法研究复合驱油水界面膜的扩张性质

界面张力弛豫方法是研究油水界面膜微观性质极为有效的方法。采用该方法研究了驱油体系中化学剂如聚合物、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、碱对原油活性组分界面膜扩张黏弹性质的影响,考察了界面上的微观弛豫过程。研究发现,驱油体系中化学剂均对原油活性组分界面膜的性质有一定的影响,尤其是聚合物和碱的加入使界面上出现了特征时间在103s数量级的慢弛豫过程,大大增强了界面膜的弹性。表面活性剂与活性组分间的相互作用造成扩张黏性部分明显变化,而弹性变化不大。图6表1参5     

界面张力弛豫方法研究复合驱油水界面膜的扩张性质

界面张力弛豫方法是研究油水界面膜微观性质极为有效的方法.采用该方法研究了驱油体系中化学剂如聚合物、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、碱对原油活性组分界面膜扩张黏弹性质的影响,考察了界面上的微观弛豫过程.研究发现,驱油体系中化学剂均对原油活性组分界面膜的性质有一定的影响,尤其是聚合物和碱的加入使界面上出现了特征时间在103s数量级的慢弛豫过程,大大增强了界面膜的弹性.表面活性剂与活性组分间的相互作用造成扩张黏性部分明显变化,而弹性变化不大.图6表1参5     

复合驱采出液破乳剂的破乳特性

从破乳剂分子改变油／水界面张力和油／水界面膜强度两个方面，对复合驱采出液的破乳脱水问题进行了研究。实验结果表明：非离子型破乳剂在界面活性低于复合驱采出液中活性剂的界面活性的情况下，仍可能吸附到油水界面上，升高原油乳状液界面张力，并参与润湿成膜，削弱界面膜强度，达到破乳的目的。但是，在实验中也发现破乳剂改变油／水界面张力的能力与破乳剂的破乳特性没有对应的关系。一种性能良好的破乳剂不仅应具有良好的吸附成膜性能，更应有效地降低油／水界面膜强度，才能达到较好的破乳效果。文中所阐明的观点对复合驱采出液以及聚合物驱采出液的破乳脱水处理均有一定的指导意义。     

渤海S油田聚合物驱采出液油水界面膜的稳定性分析*

为了明晰渤海S油田聚合物驱采出液油水界面膜稳定性的影响因素,通过对乳状液油水界面流变性、Zeta电位和界面张力等性质的表征,评价了聚合物类型、疏水缔合聚合物质量浓度和水相矿化度对原油乳状液稳定性的影响。研究表明:相对于线性聚合物,疏水缔合聚合物对于渤海S油田的原油乳状液具有明显的增稠、增黏效果,能够明显改变油水界面电性,增加油水界面活性,增强油水界面膜强度,具有更好的原油乳状液稳定效果。同时,疏水缔合聚合物的质量浓度与乳状液的界面膜弹性呈线性关系,随着聚合物质量浓度从0 mg/L增加至800 mg/L,乳状液的界面膜弹性从4 Pa增加到17 Pa。当聚合物质量浓度增至400 mg/L时,聚合物在油水界面上的吸附接近饱和。水相矿化度对原油乳状液的稳定性也有较大的影响,当矿化度在0数9417.7 mg/L时,乳状液的稳定性主要受界面电性的影响;当水相矿化度在9417.7数18835.4 mg/L时,乳状液的稳定性主要受油水界面膜结构强度的影响。图12参17     

乙醇胺与胜坨油田坨28 区块原油活性组分 相互作用对动态界面张力的影响

为明确胜坨油田坨28区块原油中活性组分与有机碱乙醇胺间的相互作用对动态界面张力的影响,采用SARA四组分分离方法对坨28区块原油进行分离,获得饱和分、芳香分、胶质和沥青质等组分;利用醇碱萃取法获得酸性组分;通过旋转滴界面张力仪测定了乙醇胺与坨28区块原油活性组分模拟油间的动态界面张力。研究结果表明:酸性组分是原油的主要活性组分,其质量分数及结构对有机碱与原油间界面张力的行为具有关键性影响,体系动态界面张力的最低值可达10-2m N/m数量级;酸性组分质量分数越大,低界面张力维持时间越长。对于坨28区块原油,与乙醇胺作用的难易顺序为:酸性组分最强,胶质次之,沥青质、饱和分和芳香分与之作用比较微弱。     

碱水驱油过程中界面张力变化规律

通过一系列试验，深入研究了碱驱过程中界面张力的变化规律。在碱／原油萃取实验中发现，原油被碱萃取后仍存在界面活性，萃取对界面张力最低值影响不大，使界面张力平衡值升高；低酸值原油被萃取后所受影响要大于高酸值的原油；已萃取原油后的碱液与新原油之间的界面张力将大幅度降低，可以使其最低值和平衡值都达到超低。此研究工作对碱驱的动态驱油机理有了更进一步的认识，所获得的结果对化学驱配方的筛选及机理研究具有指导意义     

胜利原油活性组分对其与烷基苯磺酸盐溶液组成的体系油-水界面张力的影响

 采用柱色谱四组分分离方法(SARA)对胜利原油进行分离,依次得到沥青质、饱和分、芳香分和胶质;采用碱醇液法萃取胜利原油得到其酸性组分,测定了各原油活性组分模拟油与烷基苯磺酸盐配制的系列标准溶液组成体系的油-水界面张力。结果表明,原油的酸性组分在低质量分数时通过改变油相的等效烷烃碳数（EACN）影响体系的油-水界面张力;高质量分数时则与表面活性剂混合吸附,使得体系油-水界面张力大幅度升高。胶质对其模拟油-表面活性剂标准溶液体系的油-水界面张力的影响与酸性组分的规律一致;沥青质的界面活性弱于酸性组分,混合吸附能力较弱,高质量分数时使体系油-水界面张力小幅度升高;饱和分和芳香分只影响油相的性质。     

Interfacial properties of Daqing crude oil-alkaline system

The oil/water interfacial properties of crude oil emulsions formed by alkaline/surfactant/ polymer（ASP） flooding in the Daqing Oilfield were investigated in this paper by the measurement of interfacial tension,interfacial shear viscosity and Zeta potential of the oil/water system.The result showed that both NaOH and Na₂CO₃ could react with acid substances in the crude oil to produce interfacially active components,which are adsorbed on the interfaces between the aqueous phase and oil phase, resulting in a decrease of the interfacial tension,negatively charging the surface of oil droplets,but making little change in the interfacial shear viscosity.For the same ionic strength of NaOH and Na₂CO₃, the interfacial tension of NaOH solution-crude oil system is lower,but the interfacial shear viscosity of NaOH solution-crude oil system is higher,than that of Na₂CO₃ solution-crude oil system.The negative value of the Zeta potential on the surface of the oil droplets is large.Accordingly,the O/W emulsion of NaOH solution-crude oil system is more stable than that of Na₂CO₃ solution-crude oil system.     

原油乳状液稳定性研究：Ⅶ.蜡晶对油水界面膜性质的影响

对分别含有大庆,吉原油界面活性组分的航空煤油与蒸馏水及模拟地层水在不同温度下的界面粘度,界面膜屈服值进行了测定。结果发现,由于吉林原油界面活性组分含有较多的蜡晶,当温度较低时,随温度升高,吉林模型油界面粘度逐渐升高,界膜表现为负触变性;     

石油羧酸盐及碱复合体系／大庆原油间的动态低界面张力研究

本探讨了石油羧酸盐及碱复合体系和大庆原油间的动态低界面张力形成的原因，并研究了盐含量、碱含量对其间动态低界面张力的影响。结果表明，低界面张力主要是石油羧酸盐活性剂的贡献，而动态低界面张力过程是由水相中碱与原油中的有机酸反应生成的界面活性物质引起的。在某一含量范围内，随ＮａＣｌ或ＮａＯＨ含量增加，动态低界面张力曲线移向低界面张力区。     

Influence of surfactants used in surfactant-polymer flooding on the stability of Gudong crude oil emulsion

The influences of an anionic-nonionic composite surfactant and petroleum sulfonate, used in surfactant-polymer flooding in Shengli Gudong oilfield, East China, on the interfacial properties of Gudong crude model oil and synthetic formation water was studied by measuring interfacial tension, interfacial viscoelasticity and Zeta potential. The influence of the surfactants on the stability of Gudong water-in-oil (W/O) and oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions was evaluated by separating water from the W/O emulsion and residual oil in the aqueous phase of the O/W emulsion respectively. The results showed that the two kinds of surfactants, namely anionic-nonionic composite surfactant and petroleum sulfonate, are both able to decrease the interfacial tension between the oil phase and the aqueous phase and increase the surface potential of the oil droplets dispersed in the O/W emulsion, which can enhance the stability of the W/O and O/W crude oil emulsions. Compared with petroleum sulfonate, the anionic-nonionic composite surfactant is more interfacially active and able to enhance the strength of the interfacial film between oil and water, hence enhance the stability of the W/O and O/W emulsions more effectively.     

化学驱中动态界面张力行为的研究进展

汇总了近年来强化采油动态界面张力研究进展的报道,阐述了驱油过程中的动态界面张力行为,总结了碱浓度、油相粘度、驱替液粘度对原油/碱体系及原油/碱/聚合物体系动态界面张力的影响和表面活性剂、离子强度对原油/碱/表面活性剂体系及原油/碱/表面活性剂/聚合物体系动态界面张力的影响,并对上述影响因素进行了归纳。     

Effect of Alkali on Daqing Crude Oil/Water Interfacial Properties

Alkaline-surfactant-polymer(ASP)flooding using sodium hydroxide as the alkali component to enhance oil recovery in Daqing Oilfield,northeast China has been successful,but there are new problems in the treatment of produced crude.The alkali added forms stable water-in-crude oil emulsion,hence de-emulsification process is necessary to separate oil and water.The problems in enhanced oil recovery with ASP flooding were investigated in laboratory by using fractions of Daqing crude oil.The oil was separated into aliphatics,aromatics,resin and asphaltene fractions.These fractions were then mixed with an additive-free jet fuel to form model oils.The interfacial properties,such as interfacial tension and interfacial pressure of the systems were also measured,which together with the molecular parameters of the fractions were all used to investigate the problems in the enhanced oil recovery. In our work,it was found that sodium hydroxide solution reacts with the acidic hydrogen in the fractions of crude oil and forms soap-like interfacially active components,which accumulate at the crude oil-water interface.     

OCS表面活性剂驱油体系与大庆原油间的动态界面张力研究

测定了OCS表面活性剂驱油体系与大庆原油间的动态界面张力.在大庆油田评价浓度范围内,考察了碱的类型与浓度、OCS浓度以及部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)对动态界面张力的影响.结果表明,强碱(NaOH)体系比弱碱(Na2CO3)体系更容易形成超低界面张力(10-3mN/m),即体系达到超低界面张力的时问较短;高浓度碱体系比低浓度碱体系更容易形成超低界面张力;弱碱条件下,OCS表面活性剂浓度变化对动态界面张力有一定的影响;而强碱条件下则没有明显的影响;聚合物HPAM的引入使得不同体系达到超低界面张力的时间延长.     

用动界面张力方法研究原油/盐水界面的性质Ⅰ.原油天然表面活性剂和破乳剂的竞争吸附现象

测定了原油 /盐水的动界面张力 ,比较了在无破乳剂存在时几种体系的动界面张力曲线。证明了原油天然表面活性剂分子渐渐扩散吸附到原油 /盐水界面上 ,当体系中有破乳剂存在时 ,破乳剂分子以竞争的方式扩散吸附到原油 /盐水界面上。用动界面张力方法研究原油天然表面活性剂和破乳剂在原油 /盐水界面的吸附速率对研究原油乳状液的破乳机理和优化破乳条件十分重要。     

Effect of active species in crude oil on the interfacial tension behavior of alkali/synthetic surfactants/crude oil systems

The effect of active species present in crude oil on the interfacial tension （IFT） behavior of alkali/synthetic surfactants/crude oil systems was studied. The system consisted of heavy alkyl benzene sulfonate, sodium chloride, sodium hydrate and Daqing crude oil. Experimental results indicated that active species would diffuse from oil/aqueous interface to aqueous phase and finally an equilibrium could be reached in the system with increasing contact time. Moreover, the minimum IFT and equilibrium IFT values increased with increasing contact time and a linear relationship existed between dynamic IFT and f^-1/2 when IFT value approaching the minimum and after the minimum IFT was reached. This indicated that the dynamic IFT-time behavior was diffusion controlled. The oil and aqueous phases were analyzed by infrared （IR） spectroscopy. IR spectra of oil and aqueous phases illustrated that the content of active species in the oil phase decreased, but the content of active species in the aqueous phase increased after alkali reacted with crude oil. This indicated that the active species present in oil played an important role in reducing IFT.