坐标测量机的新发展——并联运动机构坐标测量机

从空间机构学的角度出发,可将坐标测量机分为串联机构坐标测量机和并联机坐标测量机两大类.由于并联机构坐标测量机测量精度高,测头位姿灵活,同时又具有“硬件”简单,“软件”复杂的特点,因而,正在成为坐标测量机领域研究的新热点.文章首先分析了普通笛卡尔串联机构坐标测量机的发展现状及存在问题,然后介绍了并联机构坐标测量机的结构及特点,并对国内外有关并联运动机构理论及其在坐标测量机领域的研究现状与发展趋势进行了综述,最后,对并联机构坐标测量机研究过程中应注意的主要问题进行了探讨.     

一种新颖并联运动坐标测量机的误差建模与仿真

给出了三自由度并联运动坐标测量机的运动学模型，依据全微分理论，导出测头位置误差与各运动副误差及移动副运动误差之间的相互关系，建立了该坐标测量机的误差模型。用计算机对所建误差模型进行了仿真，讨论了机构参数误差对测量结果的影响，为运动校正和控制奠定了基础。     

一种新颖并联运动坐标测量机的误差建模与仿真

给出了三自由度并联运动坐标测量机的运动学模型,依据全微分理论,导出测头位置误差与各运动副误差及移动副运动误差之间的相互关系,建立了该坐标测量机的误差模型。用计算机对所建误差模型进行了仿真,讨论了机构参数误差对测量结果的影响,为运动校正和控制奠定了基础。     

基于串并联坐标测量机器人虚拟样机研究

基于UG建立串并联坐标测量机器人的虚拟样机,在UG下实现了坐标测量机的运动仿真,得到了测量机的运动仿真数据及工作空间.在ADAMS下对机构进行运动学正解与逆解的计算以及动力性能的分析.     

3自由度并联坐标测量机运动学参数标定与计算机仿真

首先对3自由度并联坐标测量机的组成结构及工作原理进行了介绍,然后针对该坐标测量机的运动特点,提出了一种基于逐次逼近算法的运动学参数标定方法,并利用该方法对所研究的并联坐标测量机的22个主要运动学参数进行了辨识,最后通过计算机仿真,对辨识结果进行了验证,从而为提高该坐标测量机的测量精度奠定了理论基础。     

基于UG的串并联机构坐标测量机虚拟样机设计与仿真

针对一种串并联机构坐标测量机进行机构分析,进而基于UG建立测量机虚拟样机,在UG下实现了坐标测量机的运动仿真,得到了测量机精确的运动数据及工作空间。     

三自由度并联机构坐标测量机及其虚拟原型研究

介绍三自由度并联机构坐标测量机的结构、特点及工作原理,建立了该坐标测量机的测量模型,讨论了测量空间的计算方法,并对计算机仿真结果进行了分析,在Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ９５开发环境下,通过ＶｉｕａｌＣ＾＋＋５．０调用ＯｐｅｎＧＬ图形库中的函数,对并联坐标测量机的虚拟原型进行了参数化三维建模与仿真,从而为真实样机的制作尊定了基础     

应用CMM实现非接触视觉测量的改造

针对光学坐标测量机售价昂贵，难以在国内厂家普及的实际情况，结合立体视觉测量非接触快速测量的坐标测量机可在大范围内准确运动的优点，应用立体视觉测量技术对后者进行了改造，可在一定精度范围内替代光学坐标测量机，此外，还通过试验对其测量精度进行了验证。     

新型关节臂坐标测量机的设计

关节臂坐标测量机是一种新型非正交系坐标测量设备,相比传统的三坐标测量机,具有体积小、重量轻、灵活、轻便等特点,现已在机械制造、电子、汽车和航空航天等领域得到应用,具有巨大的应用前景.在前期工作的基础上设计出一种六自由度关节臂坐标测量机,该关节臂坐标测量机关节零件采用航空铝合金材料、连杆采用碳纤维材料,因而具有强度高、重量轻的特点,内置式平衡机构可减轻操作者劳动强度,精密的关节角度传感器保证了测量机的高精度.基于Open CASCADE和VC++6.0平台开发了关节臂坐标测量机的测量软件和标定软件,并进行了整机的联机调试,验证了系统的可靠性.     

并联坐标测量机理论模型及其虚拟原型研究

首先介绍了一种三自由度关联机构坐标测量机的结构、特点及工作原理,然后建立了该坐标测量机的测量模型,最后,在Windows98开发环境下,通过VC++6.0调用OpenGL图形库中的图形函数,对该坐标测量机的虚拟原型进行了参数化三维建模与仿真,从而为真实样机的制作奠定了基础。     

三自由度并联机构坐标测量机误差建模与仿真

给出了三自由度并联机构坐标测量的运动反解模型,依据矩阵全微分理论,导出测头位姿态差与各运动副位置误差及调节器运动误差之间的相互关系,建立了新型坐标测量机的误差模型。通过计算机仿真,讨论了机构参数误差对测量结果的影响,为实际误差的补偿写控制奠定了理论基础。     

Calibration of an articulated CMM using stochastic approximations

A coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is meant to digitise the spatial locations of points and feed the resulting measurements to a CAD system for storing and processing. For reliable utilisation of a CMM, a calibration procedure is often undertaken to eliminate the inaccuracies which result from manufacturing, assembly and installation errors. In this paper, an Immersion digitizer coordinate measuring machine has been calibrated using an accurately manufactured master cuboid fixture. This CMM has been designed as an articulated manipulator to enhance its dexterity and versatility. As such, the calibration problem is tackled with the aid of a kinematic model similar to those employed for the analysis of serial robots. In addition, a stochastic-based optimisation technique is used to identify the parameters of the kinematic model in order for the accurate performance to be achieved. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this method, whereby the measuring accuracy has been improved considerably.     

Full-pose calibration of a robot manipulator using a coordinate-measuring machine

The work reported in this article addresses the kinematic calibration of a robot manipulator using a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) which is able to obtain the full pose of the end-effector. A kinematic model is developed for the manipulator, its relationship to the world coordinate frame and the tool. The derivation of the tool pose from experimental measurements is discussed, as is the identification methodology. A complete simulation of the experiment is performed, allowing the observation strategy to be defined. The experimental work is described together with the parameter identification and accuracy verification. The principal conclusion is that the method is able to calibrate the robot successfully, with a resulting accuracy approaching that of its repeatability.     

Calibration of a 3D-ball plate

The presented 3D-ball plate is used for testing machine tools with a workspace of 500 mm × 500 mm × 320 mm. The artefact consists of a 2D-ball plate which is either located by a kinematic correct coupling on a base plate or on a spacer. The spacers are placed between the base plate and the ball plate and are also kinematic coupled to the other elements of the artefact. The kinematic couplings provide a high repeatability of the measurement setup. Because of the specific application the known calibration procedures for 2D-ball plates are not applicable.A calibration method for the pseudo-3D-artefact on a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is presented, with the aim to minimise the influence of geometric CMM errors. Therefore a computer simulation is used to analyse the effects of these disturbing errors on the calibration of the ball plate and the spacers. Using a reversal method, the plate is measured at four different horizontal positions after rotating the ball plate around its vertical axis. A couple of the CMM errors, e.g., a squareness error C0Y between the X- and Y-axis of the CMM, can be eliminated by that method—others have to be determined with additional measurements, e.g., the positioning errors EXX or EYY of the X- and Y-axis, respectively. The paper also contains a measurement uncertainty estimation for the calibration by use of experiments, tolerances and Monte Carlo-simulations. The achieved uncertainty for ball positions in the working volume is less than 2.1 μm (coverage factor k = 2).     

六自由度并联坐标测量机运动模型及其虚拟原型研究

介绍了基于Stewart平台机构的六自由度并联坐标测量机的结构、特点及工作原理，建立了运动学模型，并在Windows XP环境下，通过Visual C＋＋6．0调用OpenGL图形库中的图形函数，对该坐标测量机的虚拟样机进行了三维建模与仿真。     

四轴联动加工中心误差补偿技术的研究

基于多体系统理论建立了四轴联动加工中心的运动误差模型,提出了几何误差参数的辨识方法以及相应的测量技术,运用传统的测量方法与先进的Ｒｅｎｉｓｈａｗ８测量系统相结合可准确地辨识出四轴联动加工中心的２７项误差参数;在四轴联动加工中心上进行软件误差补偿一坐标测量机进行了检验。结果表明,建模方法具有较强的实用性,对多坐标联动加工中心误差补偿效果明显。     

关节臂式坐标测量机的数学模型和参数简化

首先基于Denavit-Hartenberg方法建立了关节臂式柔性三坐标测量机的理想数学模型和误差模型,然后建立复合球坐标系,简化了误差模型,为进一步研究关节臂式坐标测量机的标定和误差补偿奠定了理论基础。     

Calculation of the virtual pitch thread diameter using the cloud of points from CMM

This paper presents a new calculation procedure of the virtual pitch thread diameter using the cloud of points from coordinate measuring machines (CMM). The procedure involves scanning of thread profiles using a CMM, calculation of points sets belonging to the left and right thread flanks, next determination of the thread profile which belongs to the adjoining helical surface. Its parameters guarantee the required diameter calculation. Estimation of this diameter comparing it with the standard one measured by CMM “Lapik KIM-1000” and the theoretical maximum pitch thread diameter shows that this approach gives a reliable result.