碳纳米管含量对聚酰亚胺/碳纤维复合材料性能的影响

以聚酰亚胺(PI)为基体、碳纤维(CF)和碳纳米管(CNTs)为复合增强体,采用热模压工艺制备了不同CNTs含量的PI/CF/CNTs复合材料。采用电子拉力机、动态热机械分析仪和热重分析仪研究了PI/CF/CNTs复合材料的力学性能、动态力学性能和热稳定性。结果表明,与未加CNTs的PI/CF复合材料相比,CNTs含量为PI质量的0.2%时,PI/CF/CNTs复合材料具有最佳的常温力学性能,其中常温拉伸强度提高19.5%,常温弯曲强度提高20.6%,常温层间剪切强度提高14.7%,玻璃化转变温度则由357℃提高到451℃;CNTs含量为PI质量的0.05%时,PI/CF/CNTs复合材料具有最佳的高温力学性能,其中400℃拉伸强度提高15.8%,400℃弯曲强度提高9.6%,400℃层间剪切强度提高12.8%。CNTs的添加对PI/CF/CNTs复合材料的热稳定性几乎没有影响。     

碳酸钙／聚丙烯复合材料的力学性能对比研究

研究了无机刚性材料纳米或微米碳酸钙对聚丙烯(PP)的填充改性以及利用钛酸酯偶联剂对纳米碳酸钙进行表面处理后,对于碳酸钙/聚丙烯复合材料体系的力学性能的影响.结果表明,纳米碳酸钙/聚丙烯复合材料的力学性能明显优于微米碳酸钙/聚丙烯复合材料的力学性能;钛酸酯偶联剂改性处理纳米碳酸钙粒子后,其复合体系的冲击强度和断裂伸长率有明显的提高.     

煤矸石粉填充改性聚丙烯材料的研究

采用熔融共混法制备了聚丙烯/煤矸石粉复合材料,研究了纯煤矸石粉和用钛酸酯表面处理的煤矸石粉对聚丙烯力学性能、加工流动性的影响.结果表明随着煤矸石粉用量的增加,复合材料的弯曲强度上升,冲击强度和断裂伸长率下降,但对复合材料的拉伸强度和加工流动性的影响不大;用钛酸酯对煤矸石粉进行处理后,复合材料的断裂伸长率、冲击强度及加工流动性有了一定的改善.     

聚氨酯/微米Si_3N_4复合材料的性能研究

对聚氨酯/微米Si3N4复合材料的性能进行了研究,实验表明：聚氨酯/Si3N4复合材料具有优异的性能,聚氨酯/微米Si3N4复合材料,其硬度、力学性能和抗冲蚀磨损性能比纯聚氨酯优异;在微米Si3N4含量为3%时,其硬度、力学性能最佳;在微米SiN含量为5%时,其抗冲蚀磨损性能最佳。     

气相白炭黑和微米铜粉对铜/低密度聚乙烯/硅橡胶复合材料力学性能的影响

采用注射成型法制备铜/低密度聚乙烯/硅橡胶复合材料,运用均匀设计法研究气相白炭黑和微米铜粉用量对复合材料拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和邵氏硬度等力学性能的影响,对实验数据进行回归拟合,建立回归方程,为优化复合材料力学性能提供依据.结果表明：复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均随着微米铜粉用量的增加而降低,随着气相白炭黑用量的增加而先升高后降低,但使这两个性能指标最优的最佳用量值并不相同;复合材料的邵氏硬度随气相白炭黑和微米铜粉用量的增加而不断增大,并且气相白炭黑和微米铜粉对邵氏硬度具有明显的交互效应.     

碳纳米管改性醚酐型聚酰亚胺复合材料的制备和表征

采用固相机械共混方法利用碳纳米管（CNT）对醚酐型聚酰亚胺（PI）模塑粉进行改性,然后通过热模压工艺制备CNT改性PI复合模压材料（PI/CNT）,考察了不同CNT含量对材料力学性能、热稳定性能及导热性能的影响。测试结果表明,随着CNT质量分数的增加,在10%～40%范围内,PI/CNT复合材料主要力学性能呈现先增加后降低的趋势,但仍明显优于纯PI材料。当CNT质量分数为30%时,复合材料主要力学性能达到最佳,弯曲性能和拉伸性能提升至201和139 MPa,相比未改性PI分别提高了29%和10%;添加40%CNT后PI/CNT-40导热系数提高至0.83 W/（m·K）,是未改性PI材料的3.32倍;氮气氛围中PI/CNT-40材料5%热失重温度（T5%）提升至569℃,玻璃化转变温度（Tg）提高到282℃,显示出优异的导热性能、热稳定性和力学性能。     

粒径对煤矸石填充聚合物复合材料性能的影响

采用不同粒径的煤矸石粉填充高密度聚乙烯制备复合材料,研究了球磨时间对煤矸石粉体粒径的影响和粒径对煤矸石粉填充聚合物复合材料的力学性能的影响。结果表明：粒径对复合材料的性能影响明显,SEM照片显示超细煤矸石粉与HDPE相容性好;当粒径由100目提高到6000目,填充量为30％时,复合材料的弯曲模量提高了30．77％,弯曲强度提高了37．9％,拉伸强度也提高了20．12％,达到增强增韧的目的。     

粒径对煤矸石填充聚合物复合材料性能的影响

采用不同粒径的煤矸石粉填充高密度聚乙烯制备复合材料,研究了球磨时间对煤矸石粉体粒径的影响和粒径对煤矸石粉填充聚合物复合材料的力学性能的影响。结果表明:粒径对复合材料的性能影响明显,SEM照片显示超细煤矸石粉与HDPE相容性好;当粒径由100目提高到6000目,填充量为30%时,复合材料的弯曲模量提高了30.77%,弯曲强度提高了37.9%,拉伸强度也提高了20.12%,达到增强、增韧的目的。     

不同直径的S_2高强度玻璃纤维的力学性能

本文通过不同直径的S_2玻纤的单纤、纱线和纤维增强复合材料的力学性能的对比试验表明,200孔漏板拉制的40支/10股和100孔漏板拉制的80支/20股无捻粗纱及其增强的环形复合材料具有等同的力学性能;200孔漏板拉制的15支/2股、20支/3股和30支/4股无捻粗纱增强的环形复合材料的力学性能与40支/6股相比,不仅不低,而且还有不同程度的提高,尤其以30支/4股和20支/3股更好.建议以9～11微米的无捻粗纱代替8微米的无捻粗纱.     

煤矸石改性聚丙烯性能研究

采用熔融共混制备了不同配比的聚丙烯（PP）／煤矸石（coal gangue）复合材料,与纯PP材料相对照,分别研究了复合材料的表面电阻率、体积电阻率,热变形温度以及拉伸强度,弹性模量、硬度等力学性能。结果表明：加入煤矸石能明显降低PP的表面电阻率和体积电阻率,起到较好的抗静电效果。当煤矸石含量约为20％时．复合材料的表面电阻率和体积电阻率均达到最小,分别为2．4×10^8Ω·cm和3．8×10^8Ω·cm,抗静电效果最佳;随着煤矸石填充量的增加,复合材料的力学性能呈现先下降后上升的趋势。材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均在10％时下降至最小,而复合材料的硬度则随煤矸石用量的增加逐渐增强,其综合力学性能约在煤矸石含量为15％时达到最佳值;热变形温度随煤矸石用量的增加没有明显的下降。因此煤矸石含量约为15％的PP改性复合材料可用于生产静电逸散材料。     

煤矸石骨料及其改性技术研究进展

煤矸石作为煤炭开采和洗煤过程中产生的废弃物,大量堆放会给生态环境带来巨大的压力,以煤矸石为骨料生产混凝土符合绿色可持续发展理念。煤矸石骨料具有孔隙率大、针片状颗粒含量高的特性,会对混凝土性能产生较大负面影响。本文简述了煤矸石骨料的基本物化特性,综述了煤矸石骨料对混凝土工作性能、力学性能、耐久性以及界面过渡区的影响;在此基础上,针对煤矸石骨料存在的缺陷,重点综述了煤矸石骨料改性技术(表面包覆、水玻璃改性、热活化和微生物矿化等技术)的研究现状,指出了每种改性技术目前存在的问题及解决方法,并对其在混凝土中的研究方向进行了展望,以期推动煤矸石骨料在混凝土的应用与发展。     

萍乡废弃煤矸石理化特性及热活化性能研究

为研究不同种类煤矸石的理化特性及煅烧温度对其活化程度的影响,以萍乡废弃煤矸石不同矿区样A、样B、样C为研究对象,开展了XRD测试、物理性能试验、高温试验及力学性能试验,从理化特征、力学特征、表观特征等方面对煤矸石进行了基本性能及热活化性能分析。结果表明:不同种类煤矸石的理化特性不同,活性物质含量高的煤矸石活性较高;与样A相比,样B、样C更适合做填料,且样C具有更高的孔隙率、吸水性和抵抗风化破裂的能力。不同种类煤矸石的最佳煅烧温度略有差距,但都在800 ℃左右,未煅烧或未达到最佳煅烧温度的煤矸石活性较低,所制试件胶结较差,强度不高;最佳温度煅烧的煤矸石活性最高,所制试件胶结最好,强度最高。     

Synergistic improvement of mechanical and thermal properties in epoxy composites via polyimide microspheres

Achieving synergetic improvements of mechanical strength, toughness, and thermal stability of epoxy resin has been a crucial but very challenging issue. Herein, to explore a new solution for circumventing this issue, polyimide microspheres were successfully prepared through the inverse nonaqueous emulsion process, and the structure, size distribution and morphologies of polyimide (PI) microspheres were comprehensively investigated. Then the PI microspheres were incorporated in epoxy resin matrix to systematically investigate the mechanical and thermal properties of obtained epoxy/PI microspheres composites. It was found that the PI microspheres can not only enhance the mechanical strength of epoxy resin, but also significantly improve the toughness. Specially, the epoxy-based composites containing 3 wt% PI microspheres exhibit a 47% increase in tensile strength, while the G_IC and Charpy impact strength increase by 106% and 200%, respectively. The toughing mechanism of epoxy/PI microspheres composites was discussed. Moreover, the PI microspheres can also endow the epoxy resin with excellent thermal stability and heat resistance. Thus, this work may open a new opportunity to synergistically enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy-based composites and may also give some valuable inspiration for the rational design of other high-performance thermosetting composites.     

Joule heat dependence of dynamic tensile modulus of polyimide-vapor grown carbon fiber nanocomposites under applied electric field evaluated in terms of thermal fluctuation-induced tunneling effect

To study mechanical and structural stabilities of polyimide (PI) and carbon filler composites by Joule heat, PI-vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF) composites were fabricated by in situ polymerization to realize excellent dispersion of VGCFs in PI matrix. Adoption of VGCFs similar to rigid carbon fibers is the strategy to investigate the conductive mechanism theoretically in terms of thermal fluctuation-induced tunneling conduction. Dynamic tensile modulus and X-ray intensity under applied electric field were measured to investigate frequency-temperature dependence of the modulus by Joule heat in relation to the electron transfer mechanisms. Such simultaneous measurements for the mechanical and structural properties under electric field provided important information about the characteristic of polymer-filler composites. As the results, good heat resistance of PI-VGCF composites was clarified to be attributed to very few thermal fluctuation of PI chain arrangement in spite of collision between electrons flowed out from the VGCF gaps and atoms of PI chains.     

活化煤矸石基免烧砖胶凝性能的研究

对六盘水矿区煤矸石原粉组成进行分析,测定了煤矸石原粉和活化煤矸石粉制备免烧砖的胶凝性能,系统地研究了机械、热、化学及复合活化方式对原状煤矸石活性激发作用。研究表明,六盘水矿区煤矸石属于高铁高砂型煤矸石,活化煤矸石能够显著提高煤矸石基免烧砖的胶凝性能,复合活化效果优于单一活化方式,复合活化的煤矸石能够大幅度地提高免烧砖的胶凝性能,达到JC/T422-91(96)《非烧结普通黏土砖》MU15的标准。     

The Effect of α‐Zirconium Phosphate Nanosheets on Thermal,Mechanical, and Tribological Properties of Polyimide

In this work, to investigate the addition effect of 2D α‐zirconium phosphate (α‐ZrP) nanosheets on the properties of polyimide (PI), a series of PI/ZrP composites are synthesized by in situ polymerization. The thermal, mechanical, and tribological properties of composites strongly depend on the dispersity and distribution of α‐ZrP nanosheets in the PI matrix. The dispersed α‐ZrP can make rich interfacial interactions with PI matrix, which facilitates the transfer of external stress, heat, antiwear ability, etc., from the PI matrix to the surface of the α‐ZrP nanosheets, leading to the obvious enhancements of the thermal, mechanical, and tribological properties of the PI/ZrP composites. Specially, compared with pure PI, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the optimum sample of PI‐0.6 are increased by 13.7% and 35.7%, while its wear volume is reduced by 85%. This work provides a new paradigm for using other layered 2D nanosheets to prepare high‐performance PI‐based composite materials.     

聚酰亚胺/氧化石墨烯复合材料的制备及其性能

以自制的氧化石墨烯(GO)为改性填料,通过原位聚合法制备了聚酰亚胺(PI)/GO复合材料,并对其形貌、结构和性能进行了表征和测试。结果表明:GO的引入未对PI结构产生破坏作用,且有效提高了PI的力学性能、热稳定性和介电性能,降低了吸水率;当GO质量分数为1.5%时,PI/GO复合材料的拉伸强度达126.9 MPa,较PI提高了55.7%;吸水率由3.65%降至0.92%,质量损失5%时的温度较PI提高了5.8℃;当GO质量分数为2.0%时,介电常数(0.1 MHz)较PI提高了83.1%。     

Thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of polyimide composites with mixed fillers of BN flakes and SiC@SiO2 whiskers

Polyimide (PI) composites with mixed fillers of BN flakes and SiC whiskers exhibit enhanced thermal conductivity and mechanical properties. In order to improve dispersion and interaction of these mixed fillers within the PI matrix, BN flakes were modified by a titanate coupling agent while SiC whiskers were oxidized at 750°C for 60 minutes to produce SiC@SiO₂ followed by silane coupling agent modification. PI composites reached a maximum thermal conductivity of 0.95 W/m K at volume fraction of mixed fillers of 27.6 vol% when the weight ratio of BN flakes to SiC@SiO₂ whiskers was 1:4. The enhanced thermal conductivity is likely attributed to the formation of heat conductive networks constructed by BN flakes and SiC@SiO₂ whiskers and the improved interfacial affinity between fillers and matrix. The optimized Nielsen-mold confirms the distribution and morphology of fillers affect the thermal conductivity of PI composites. In addition, SiC whiskers enhanced the mechanical property of PI composites and the influence of fillers on the mechanical property was further elaborated.     

Effect of pulverized coal/carbon black hybrid fillers on mechanical properties and thermal stability of styrene butadiene rubber composites

Pulverized coal (coal) possesses a layered structure similar to graphite and is a potential reinforcing filler. In this paper, ball milling is used to reduce the particle diameter of coal. The coal is modified with KH-560 to obtain K-COAL and prepared K-COAL/styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) composites. In addition, carbon black (CB) is modified to obtain CB-Si69, K-COAL and CB-Si69 are added to SBR in different ratios to prepare COAL/CB/SBR composites. The results show that the addition of K-COAL can improve the vulcanization performance, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of SBR composites, but the reinforcing effect is weak. In the COAL/CB/SBR composites, the vulcanization and mechanical properties of the composites gradually increase with the increase of CB, while those of the thermal stability decrease. The tensile strength of the 10 phr COAL/30 phr CB/SBR composite is 24.1 MPa, which is elevated by 1105% and 205% compared with the pure SBR and 40 phr K-COAL/SBR composites, respectively. The composites maintain high elasticity while the tensile strengths are greatly improved, and the mechanical properties are significantly enhanced. In conclusion, this paper provides a reference for the clean utilization of coal and shows new possibilities for finding new fillers to replace CB.