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瞬时单位线在流域汇流计算中的改进 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
纳希瞬时单位线流域汇流模型经大量应用实践表明效果并不理想,演算精度不高,与洪水过程的拟合不佳。本文结合我国中小型流域的水文特点,对纳希模型从净雨输入,雨心移动及非线性汇流校正3个方面进行了改进,得到一个新的瞬时单位线流域汇流模型,经采用不同特点的雨洪资料演算表明,改进模型的演算精度有明显提高。 相似文献
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刘卫东 《水科学与工程技术》2003,(1):27-28
传统瞬时单位线法是采用系统分析观点解释流域汇流,流域单位线就是流域的水文响应。运用经验统计分析,建立了流域单位线的主要特征,如单位线峰值、峰值滞时等流域地形地貌参数,如流域坡度、流域面积等之间的经验关系,以确定缺乏水文资料情况下的流域单位线的方法。由于没有涉及到流域汇流的机理,缺乏严格的理论基础。本文介绍了地貌气候瞬时单位线,并对该方法进行了研究,获得了较好的应用价值。 相似文献
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Nash瞬时单位线反映了流域汇流的短程记忆特性,水流的运动过程往往具有历史依赖性和路径依赖性,表现为长记忆性,而分数阶微积分非常适合刻画具有记忆和遗传性质的过程。将Nash汇流系统中微分方程的阶次由整数阶扩展为分数阶,借助拉普拉斯变换得出了分数瞬时单位线,用于描述流域汇流的长程记忆性;并选取可以忽略产流误差影响的试验数据对分数瞬时单位线进行验证后,进一步将分数瞬时单位线应用于新安江模型的地表产流计算。结果表明:该模型可以在一定程度上提高高水部分的模拟效果,从而提高整体的模拟精度,但可能受产流误差的影响,洪峰和径流总量的模拟效果并没有得到明显改善。 相似文献
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计算暴雨洪水的瞬时单位线法在我国应用较广,瞬时单位线法的地理参数、产汇流参数和暴雨参数等原始参数往往存在一定的误差,会通过误差传播使地面径流过程产生相应的误差.采用多元函数一阶泰勒公式展开瞬时单位线法基本方程,可得到各参数一阶代数精度的误差传播方程.结果表明:暴雨的相对误差传播具有一定的放大效应;流域面积的相对误差会导致地面径流过程等量的相对误差;下渗量的相对误差传播敏感性总体相对较小,局部仍有可能较大;线型参数n、K的加大,会导致地面径流峰值减小,上涨段更平瘦、回落段更丰满,并存在不显著的峰值发生时间后移趋势. 相似文献
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The problem of estimation of the velocity parameter in the exponential distribution geomorphological instantaneous unit hydrograph (ED-GIUH) is investigated in this study. The main difficulty in applying the ED-GIUH model is the estimation of this parameter. In the present study, the ED-GIUH model is applied to six watersheds in Indiana, U.S.A. The relationships between the velocity parameter and climatic as well as basin geomorphologic parameters are investigated. The results of the study indicate that the velocity parameter is related to effective rainfall depth, total basin area and cumulative slope; it does not depend on runoff characteristics. Therefore, the ED-GIUH model can be used for estimating discharge hydrographs from ungauged watersheds. 相似文献
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以江垭水库某次洪水过程为例,探讨了洪水单位过程线的推求。由实际降雨量和流量过程线进行分析,并做了基本假定;所选的降雨洪水过程超过三个时段,且有一个最大值,故采用试错法进行推求,给出了推求过程及方法。将推求成果与降雨径流相关图配合使用,可对洪水过程进行预报。 相似文献
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Unit Hydrograph (UH) is the most popular and widely used method for predicting flood hydrograph resulting from a known storm in a basin area. However, the non-availability of UH due to poor network of raingauge stations in flood prone Indian river basins is a major concern. The computation of Horton's ratios and their application in generating the Geomorphological Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (GIUH) can provide a solution for ungauged rivers. A detailed drainage network analysis was carried out for a 5th order flood- prone Himalayan river system in order to highlight its significance in flood management program. The equations for GIUH of 5th order stream were derived through Markov Chain analysis. The GIUH model for the 5th order stream was used to derive the first ever analytical UH of the river. Further, it was applied to determine the 50-yr return period flood. The 50-yr return period flood matches with the result of flood frequency analysis based on observed peak discharge data. This drainage network analysis and application of GIUH can provide a significant contribution towards flood management program. 相似文献
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Estimation of Design Flood Hydrograph for an Ungauged Watershed 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Based on the physiographical features of the studied watershed of 102.5 km2 in northern Ontario and the meteorological data of one nearby climatic station, through the combination of the regionalization
of flood and the HEC-1 modeling, this article presents an approach that may be used to determine the desired peak flows for
the ungauged watershed. The empirical equations used to determine the desired peak flows were developed by the Cumming Cockburn
Ltd. (CCL) who has carried out the studies on flood regionalization by using flow data at 380 gauging stations in Ontario.
CCL has proposed four methods to estimate peak flows, namely 1) regression method describing multiple linear relationships
between flood flow and related parameters; 2) index flood frequency curve; 3) regional flood frequency curve and 4) isoline
map for unit peak flow. The desired peak flows for studied watershed determined by CCL methods were used to calibrate the
HEC-1 model for the rainfall-runoff simulation for this watershed which consists of 15 subwatersheds. Through slight adjustment
in the CN number used in the HEC-1 model, the calibrated HEC-1 model could be used for rainfall-runoff simulation for this
ungauged watershed. This approach could be recommended for hydrological design and watershed management for ungauged watersheds
provided the analyses of flood regionalization could be conducted. In addition, comparing to the Bavaria forest region, Germany,
some questions have been discussed in this article. 相似文献
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西藏高海拔地区大型机组参数选择探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
如美水电站地处西藏高海拔地区,机组单机容量大,机组参数选择及机组结构设计时应考虑适应高海拔地区的特殊环境.以如美水电站为例,提出一些高海拔地区机组选择时应注意的问题及相应的解决方案,通过适当降低水轮机比转速及比速系数水平,优化机组结构形式,确保机组投产后安全、可靠、稳定运行. 相似文献
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实践表明,参数辨识范围的选取对参数的辨识效果影响很大。在分析负荷模型参数对所吸收功率的轨迹灵敏度的基础上,提出了负荷模型参数辨识范围的调整方法。首先根据动态过程中轨迹灵敏度的大小选择要调整的参数对象,然后进一步依据动态轨迹灵敏度的变化特点调整参数的辨识范围,从而达到提高负荷辨识精度的目的。实际例子充分表明了这种方法的有效性。 相似文献