横纹管氨水降膜吸收强化性能与传质机理

建立了氨水溶液竖直降膜层流和湍流的数学模型,推导出降膜溶液氨气吸收速率的理论公式。该公式指明可以通过提高氨水溶液喷淋密度和氨水溶液的氨气溶解度来提高氨气吸收速率。当2#横纹管管外氨水溶液喷淋密度从615kg·m-1·h-1增加到3191kg·m-1·h-1,氨气吸收速率提高了220%。在冬季保持吸收段吸收压力为0.15MPa,当氨水溶液平均温度从25℃提高到34℃,则氨气吸收速率下降了130%。在夏季维持吸收段吸收压力为0.25MPa,当氨水溶液平均温度从35℃增加到50℃,氨气吸收速率相比下降了86%。影响横纹管降膜吸收性能的一个重要参数是凹槽尺寸的综合影响因子即e2/pd。以该影响因子和管外溶液降膜Reynolds数作为自变量,建立了管外氨水溶液Sherwood数的关联式。     

横纹管氨水降膜吸收强化性能与传质机理

建立了氨水溶液竖直降膜层流和湍流的数学模型,推导出降膜溶液氨气吸收速率的理论公式。该公式指明可以通过提高氨水溶液喷淋密度和氨水溶液的氨气溶解度来提高氨气吸收速率。当2^#横纹管管外氨水溶液喷淋密度从615 kg·m^-1·h^-1增加到3191 kg·m^-1·h^-1,氨气吸收速率提高了220%。在冬季保持吸收段吸收压力为0.15 MPa,当氨水溶液平均温度从25℃提高到34℃,则氨气吸收速率下降了130%。在夏季维持吸收段吸收压力为0.25 MPa,当氨水溶液平均温度从35℃增加到50℃,氨气吸收速率相比下降了86%。影响横纹管降膜吸收性能的一个重要参数是凹槽尺寸的综合影响因子即e²/pd。以该影响因子和管外溶液降膜Reynolds数作为自变量,建立了管外氨水溶液Sherwood数的关联式。     

热管式降膜吸收器的传热传质

对热管式降膜吸收顺溶液吸收传热传质并通过热管移出吸收热的过程进行了数值研究，根据所建立的数学模型，通过求解热管加热段外壁面溶液波动降膜的动态二维偏微分方程和热管传热方程，研究了膜雷诺数，低位余热温度，输出温度等因素对传热管质过程的影响，对进一步工作提出了新的见解。     

竖直管外降膜吸收传热传质过程强化的研究

对LiBr溶液在光滑管和四种换热强化管竖直管外降膜吸收过程进行了实验研究，得到了实验条件下的最佳管型，分析了非绝热吸收过程中传热传质相互作用，相互影响的关系，建立了竖直管外降膜吸收热－质传递过程的数学模型，并对该过程进行了数值计算，模型计算值与实验结果的比较证明该模型具有较好的适用性。     

降膜式吸收器的研究进展

综述了国内外水平管、垂直管和平板式降膜式吸收器的研究现状,对吸收器传热系数、传质系数和计算模型的研究进展。发现在降膜式吸收器中,氨水溶液形成的液膜是研究重点,传热和传质的阻力主要来源于液膜一侧。分析表明,改善降膜表面,增加液膜的扰动,添加纳米材料和添加磁场等措施可以显著提高液膜的传热传质系数,进而提高吸收器的吸收性能。进一步改善计算模型,提高液膜的传热传质能力将会是吸收器未来的研究方向,具有广阔的应用前景。     

膜反转板式降膜吸收过程的理论研究

将板式降膜吸收和膜反转技术相结合,开发了一种新形式的降膜型吸收器,即膜反转板式降膜吸收器.通过对这种吸收器进行流动传热传质分析,建立了描述其物理过程的数学模型,采用流函数将控制方程进行变换,用有限差分法将变换后的方程离散,由TDMA方法编程计算这种膜反转板式降膜吸收器溴化锂溶液降膜吸收的过程,对比分析板式、膜反转板式降膜吸收计算结果表明,在同样的条件下膜反转板式降膜吸收器比板式降膜吸收器传热传质性能更好.     

一种氨水垂直降膜吸收传质模型

在Harriott理论的基础上,提出一种新的垂直降膜吸收传质模型,将降膜过程中漩涡的作用点由一个几何点扩展到一个区域,将整个降膜流动过程划分为非湍流区和全湍流区.非湍流区内,波峰和波谷域采取了不同的Levich厚度处理方法.在全湍流区,对波动速度进行了修正.理论数据与氨水光管降膜吸收实验数据相比较,偏差在非湍流区不超过10%,在全湍流区不超过15%.扩散系数、Levich厚度及波动周期对传质系数的影响被表示为两个量纲1量之间的关系.     

摇摆状态下垂直管内TFE/NMP降膜吸收数值模拟

根据船用条件下吸收器内溶液降膜吸收的特点,建立了摇摆状态下垂直管内TFE（2,2,2-trifluoroethanol,三氟乙醇)/NMP（N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone,甲基吡咯烷酮）降膜吸收过程中动量、热量和质量传递的物理和数学模型.模型中充分考虑了转动附加惯性力对降膜流场中液膜厚度、速度、温度和浓度分布的影响.采用膜内积分与全隐式有限容积相结合的数值方法求解理论模型.通过对计算结果的分析发现,在摇摆状态下TFE/NMP降膜吸收过程中,转动附加惯性力的存在使得速度和温度等状态参数的分布具有一定周期性和对称性.     

水平管降膜吸收局部传热传质特性的数值模拟

为分析滴状和柱状流型下纯水蒸气水平管外降膜吸收过程的局部传热传质特性,建立非稳态数值模型考虑吸收过程中降膜区和管间区内液相的实际流动特征及气液两相的传质,同时对多管排区域采用实际边界条件,且考虑气液两相的传热过程。溶液的液膜Reynolds数范围为11~38。结果表明,与文献实验对比,相同流量下溶液出口浓度和温度的平均相对误差在2%以内;滴状和柱状流型下,降膜区溶液的平均浓度和温度均迅速下降,管间区先上升后下降,降膜区溶液的局部吸收速率分别约为管间区的10倍和7倍;柱状流型下降膜区的吸收速率明显小于滴状流型,管间区相差很小;吸收达到稳定后,滴状流型下溶液的平均浓度和温度变化均大于柱状流型,四排管降膜区溶液的浓度变化量依次增大,温度变化量依次减小。     

纤维素溶液吹膜过程中拉伸黏度的测定

通过非等温吹塑薄膜挤出实验研究了纤维素的NMMO(N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物，亦称N-甲基氧化吗啉)溶液在不同工艺条件下的拉伸流动行为。讨论和推导了挤出过程中的理论数学模型，测定了纤维素溶液在加工过程中膜泡半径和膜厚随加工方向的变化，并对沿加工方向上拉伸速率和表观拉伸黏度的变化进行了探讨。研究表明：质量份数为9％的纤维素溶液在加工过程中拉伸黏度受拉伸速率与温度的综合影响，沿加工方向呈现先微降，再渐升的趋势；在加工过程中随着牵引速度和膜泡内外压力差(△P)的增大，膜泡的厚度变小，拉伸速率变大，拉伸黏度变小。     

竖直管降膜蒸发器流动与传热过程的数值模拟

针对竖直管降膜蒸发器的技术特点,在计算流体力学和传热学理论分析基础上,采用FLUENT软件,运用自定义函数(UDF)编写传质源项,对降膜蒸发器的加热管内液体沿壁面呈膜状下降流动并受热汽化过程进行了三维数值模拟研究,模拟采用Mixture两相流层流模型,Simple算法。模拟结果以3D形式表现了液体沿运动方向在管壁发展成膜的过程,并将模拟得到的液膜厚度与理论计算得到的液膜厚度进行了比较。模拟结果表明,竖直降膜蒸发器加热管具有液膜薄,均匀性好的特点,管表面容易形成柱状流,液膜厚度为1.0 mm。     

Simulation of the hydrodynamics and mass transfer in a falling film wavy microchannel

The flow in a liquid falling film is predominantly laminar, and the liquid-side mass transfer is limited by molecular diffusion. The effective way to enhance the mass transfer is to improve the liquid film flow behavior. The falling film behaviors of water, ethanol and ethylene glycol in nine different wavy microchannels were simulated by Computational Fluid Dynamics. The simulation results show that the falling film thickness exhibits a waveform distribution resulting in a resonance phenomenon along the wavy microchannel. The fluctuation of liquid film surface increases the gas–liquid interface area, and the internal eddy flow inside the liquid film also improves the turbulence of liquid film, the gas–liquid mass transfer in falling film microchannels is intensified. Compared with flat microchannel, the CO_2 absorption efficiency in water in the wavy microchannel is improved over 41%. Prediction models of liquid film amplitude and average liquid film thickness were established respectively.     

竖直流动皂膜中解吸导致的Marangoni对流观察

In gas-liquid mass transfer processes,Marangoni convection may occur due to the surface tension gradient produced by mass transfer near the interface.With a falling soap film tunnel and the Schlieren optical method,the Marangoni convection patterns along the film surface were observed directly in the desorption process of acetone from the falling soap film.The Schlieren images showed the regular roll convection in the thin falling soap film during the acetone desorption.The hydraulic characteristics were determined experimentally by measuring the variation of acetone concentration in the film and the surface tension of the soap liquid.The results show that the acetone concentration gradient vertical to the falling direction is very small because the thickness of the soap film is in the order of 10^-6 m.The variation of acetone concentration along the falling film is large,so there is a significant surface tension gradient,resulting in the Marangoni roll convection.The experimental results and a qualitative analysis may be helpful to understand the mechanism of Marangoni convection near the interface in the mass transfer.     

Heat and mass transfer on the wavy film absorption process

Recently the absorption heat pumps and chillers have received considerable attention due to their low electricity consumption rate. Therefore, it is important to understand the transport mechanism of an absorption process. In this paper, a numerical study of the heat and mass transfer taking place on a wavy falling liquid film of an absorption process is presented. With previously solved periodic wavy film flow solutions, the finite difference method is employed to solve the heat and mass transport equations. The numerical solution indicates that the waves significantly increase the transport rates. A comparison of the transfer rates of the wavy film to that of the smooth film is presented to show that the mass transfer rate can be doubled.     

Residence time distribution of high viscosity fluids falling film flow down outside of industrial-scale vertical wavy wall: Experimental investigation and CFD prediction

The flow behavior of gravity-driven falling film of non-conductive high viscosity polymer fluids on an industrial-scale vertical wavy wall was investigated in terms of film thickness and residence time distribution by numerical simulation and experiment. Falling film flow of high viscosity fluids was found to be steady on a vertical wavy wall in the presence of the large film thickness. The comparison between numerical simulation and experiment for the film thickness both in crest and trough of wavy wall showed good agreement. The simulation results of average residence time of falling film flow with different viscous fluids were also consistent with the experimental results. This work provides the initial insights of how to evaluate and optimize the falling film flow system of polymer fluid.     

激光诱导荧光技术观测填料表面非等温降膜流动形态变化

非等温降膜流动在精馏过程中较为常见,其流动特性较为特殊,对填料表面的质量和热量传递有重要影响。本文搭建了可视化的实验装置,在保证液相室温进料的前提下升高填料温度,在规整填料表面构造液相被加热的非等温降膜流动,运用激光诱导荧光技术对液膜形态变化进行观测分析,对液体润湿面积、液膜厚度等参数进行比较。结果表明,随着填料温度的升高,液体润湿面积显著减小,波谷处液膜厚度显著增加,液膜逐渐收缩为沟流,填料表面的不规则液滴数目增多,干板现象越发严重。液体的聚并和分散轨迹消失,液相再分布及表面更新能力降低。因此,填料表面的非等温降膜流动液膜收缩现象十分明显,降低传热传质能力,需在工业生产中引起足够重视。     

自由降膜传热传质数值模拟技术研究进展

自由降膜过程在许多工业领域,特别是在石油化工工业中有着非常广泛的应用。近年来,随着计算机技术的发展,采用理论分析、数值模拟和实验相结合的技术手段,对降膜传热传质过程进行了深入的研究,为优化降膜传热传质过程和新型设备的开发提供了理论基础。     

GAS ABSORPTION INTO WAVY AND TURBULENT NON-NEWTONIAN FALLING LIQUID FILMS IN A WETTED-WALL COLUMN

Average Him thickness and liquid-side mass transfer coefficient for the absorption of oxygen in wavy and turbulent power-law model falling liquid films are measured. Considerable reduction in (he film thickness with resulting increase in the mass transfer coefficient are obtained as compared to that predicted by the theoretical laminar flow equation assuming no slip at the wall.