浅谈乌海大桥变电站地网降阻改造

介绍了地网降阻改造的方案、工程布置、副网面积的计算、降阻剂的选择、副网接地电阻要达到的值、主网和副网并联后接地电阻的计算,改造后接地电阻的测量及对测量结果的分析、评价。     

城区变电站接地网降阻改造效果评价的初步探讨

针对近年来普遍存在的因城区变电站接地网接地电阻难以准确测量而带来的无法准确评估接地网状态的难题,以广东电网公司中山供电局110kV富豪变电站接地网降阻改造为例,围绕10kV电缆外皮对测试电流的分流系数,探讨通过降阻改造前后10kV电缆外皮分流系数变化来间接反映接地网降阻效果的评估方法,提出有借鉴价值的城区变电站接地网状态的测量评价方法,解决单纯采用接地电阻测量手段对城区接地网进行评估的局限性问题。     

基于柔性石墨复合接地模块的配电杆塔接地降阻研究

配电线路中接地装置的接地性能对配电线路稳定运行非常重要,降低杆塔接地电阻是提高线路耐雷水平,减少线路雷击跳闸率的主要措施。为研究杆塔接地网敷设柔性石墨复合接地模块的杆塔接地降阻情况,建立2种敷设柔性石墨复合接地模块的杆塔接地网降阻模型,分析接地网尺寸、石墨接地模块长度、石墨接地模块数量和土壤电阻率对杆塔降阻的影响,并进一步分析石墨接地模块长度、石墨接地模块数量和石墨接地模块敷设方式对杆塔降阻效率的影响。研究结果表明:在杆塔接地网上敷设柔性石墨复合接地模块,杆塔接地电阻明显降低,随着石墨接地模块长度和石墨接地模块数量的增加,杆塔接地电阻逐渐降低,石墨接地模块长度和数量对杆塔接地网的降阻效率有明显的影响,而土壤电阻率对杆塔接地网的降阻效率的影响很小,水平敷设柔性石墨复合接地模块比垂直敷设降阻效果更好。研究结果可为实际配电线路杆塔接地降阻提供参考。     

基于邻近斜坡土钉墙结构的电力杆塔接地降阻方式研究

针对道路沿线陡坡处的输电线路杆塔接地电阻较高的问题,提出通过陡坡地形中的土钉墙支护内的钢筋网辅助散流降阻的方法,搭建道路沿线陡坡地形的杆塔接地网与土钉墙的模型,对比连接土钉墙前后接地电阻、跨步电压等接地参数变化,并分析土钉墙与杆塔接地网的连接线数量、连接位置、连接材质以及杆塔接地网位置对杆塔接地网接地电阻的影响。仿真结果表明：土钉墙对杆塔接地网的降阻效果可达到19.3%～73.4%,且接地网所处的土壤表面跨步电压最高不超过6 kV,验证了土钉墙散流降阻方法的可行性。连接线数量越多,接地电阻越小,但降阻效率在连接线数量为4根时达到56.3%,趋于饱和;连接位置越分散,杆塔接地电阻越小;采用石墨复合材料的连接线比镀锌钢材质的降阻效率高9.04%,接地网设于斜坡,可以具有更低的接地电阻。     

接地极材料的选择

研究了正确选择接地极材料以降低接地网接地电阻的方法,提出了雷克石模块不需滴水技术即能达到降阻的原因,为接地降阻提供了新的思路。     

变电站接地网的降阻措施及工程实践

介绍变电站接地网电阻过高的危害,分析将垂直接地体置于最佳埋置深度、采用不等长接地体技术及使用长效防腐降阻剂等降阻措施的原理,结合110 kV浆水变电站接地电阻过高的实际情况,采取降阻措施对接地网进行优化,经优化后的接地网电阻降低,满足规程要求.     

关于大中型接地网降阻措施的经验

从几座典型的变电站接地网的降阻改造入手 ,探讨了各种降阻措施在接地工程的典型应用 ,并用技术经济分析的方法讨论了有效降低大、中型接地网接地电阻的方法。     

变电工程常规降阻剂施工方案降阻效率的研究

目前电力工程接地网设计中仍大量使用降阻剂作为主要的降阻措施,本文从降阻剂的降阻原理入手,分析计算降阻剂在不同大小的接地网降阻效率。通过计算分析表明,线路杆塔接地网等小型接地网中,使用降阻剂可达较好的降阻作用,而大中型变电站接地网中,在水平接地网中敷设降阻剂无法有效降低接地网的接地电阻,不应把水平接地网敷设降阻剂作为主要降阻措施。此外,降阻剂的应用会使接地网接触电压降低,并提高接地网边缘的跨步电压。     

水电站接地电阻设计

结合电站接地网工程实例,分析了电站接地电阻的设计要求,分别对电站主接地网的布设方式、采用的接地网降阻措施、接地电阻的测试等方面进行了详细论述.     

湘潭电厂二期接地电阻的测量及降阻方案的实施

湘潭电厂二期工程接地网敷设完毕后,采用抗干扎性强、准确度高的30°等腰三角形法对接地电阻进行了测量,由于接地电阻测量结果超过设计值。需进行降阻改造。采用敷设水下地网方式进行了改造。实践证明,该方案可行且接地电阻值小于设计值,具有推广价值。     

短距离法测量大型地网接地阻抗

分析和研究接地阻抗的测试原理,总结了接地阻抗常规测试方法的弊端。从测试电位变化最为缓慢的思路出发,结合对大型地网接地阻抗的实测对比,提出了适用于大型接地网接地阻抗测试的短距离方法。     

Analysis of complex grounding systems consisting of foundationgrounding systems with external grids

Results of an extensive research, conducted using a technique developed to calculate the grounding resistance of a complex grounding system consisting of a foundation grounding system with an external grid, buried in two-layer soil, are presented and discussed. It is shown that connecting a foundation grounding system to the already existing external grid provides only a small reduction of the overall grounding system resistance compared to the resistance of the external grid alone. A number of tables related to the most frequent cases of soil-concrete structures are given for practical assessment of the grounding resistance of such complex grounding systems     

500 kV输电线路杆塔接地网不同环境下优化降阻方案研究

为了解决优化电力系统输电线路杆塔接地网接地装置存在的腐蚀严重、稳定性差和使用寿命短等问题,以500 k V输电线路接地网模型作为研究对象,提出适用于不同环境的接地系统优化方案。利用CDEGS进行仿真,在结合接地网接地材料类型及布置型式的前提下,分析不同类型的土壤及地网面积对镀锌铜和铜覆钢接地网工频接地电阻和冲击接地电阻的影响。通过CDEGS仿真计算对降阻方式进行分析,得出了杆塔在不同土壤情况和地网面积下的各优化降阻措施。最后通过实验验证该结论的正确性,对输电线路杆塔接地的运行有重要实践意义。     

Earth ground resistance testing for low-voltage power systems

A quality connection to earth through the grounding electrode system for a commercial or industrial facility's power system is necessary for: (1) providing a low impedance path for lightning stroke current dissipation, (2) the reduction of “Step” and “Touch” potentials under line-to-earth fault conditions, and (3) the dissipation of electrostatic charges. Previously accepted test methods for resistance measurements of a grounding electrode system may indicate incorrectly that high or low resistance connections have been established. Testing of several grounding electrode systems was conducted by the author. This paper presents results of these tests to illustrate deficiencies in grounding electrode resistance test methods that have been accepted previously. Inaccuracies of various test instrument principles are also discussed. The author found that close attention to the test procedure must be given to ensure that an accurate measurement is achieved. This paper provides recommendations on measurement techniques to minimize errors and ensure valid test results     

电刷接触不良对发电机旋转励磁回路接地保护性能的影响

针对电刷与滑环间接触不良会对旋转励磁式发电机励磁回路接地电阻的正确测量产生影响的问题,提出了励磁回路接地保护的统一模型.利用该统一模型,分析了外加直流电压法、外加交流电压法、乒乓切换法中电刷接触电阻对励磁绕组接地电阻测量值的影响和危害.得出如下结论:对于外加直流电压法,电刷接触不良使接地电阻的测量值增大,可能导致继电器拒动;对于外加交流电压法,电刷接触不良使接地电阻测量值或减少或增大,可能导致继电器误动或拒动;对于乒乓切换法,电刷接触不良对保护性能的影响与接地位置有关.     

测量杆塔冲击接地电阻的研究

在总结现有的杆塔冲击接地电阻的计算测量方法的基础上,研制了便携式杆塔冲击接地电阻测量系统.它首先向接地体注入波头较缓、幅值较低的冲击电流,接着采集接地体的电压与电流信号,经滤波后再换算到标准雷电流下求出其电压响应,最后求出冲击接地电阻.实验室测试结果与传统的冲击接地电阻测量方法对比表明本系统测量方便且可信度高.     

严重灾害情况下华中电网联络模式分析

通过对华中电网各省闻及各省内分区之间联络模式进行分析,提出省间及省内的联络方案,从而提高这些线路的抗灾标准,以满足人民基本生活需要.     

西北高土壤电阻率地区线路接地电阻的测量方法

高土壤电阻率地区杆塔接地电阻存在无法测出的问题。通过理论计算认为,高土壤电阻率导致辅助接地探测棒接地电阻过大,从而导致接地电阻仪失灵。提出的措施为：增加辅助接地探测棒的长度和直径、提高土壤含水量、使用食盐做降阻剂。现场试验的结果证明了该方法的正确性和合理性。     

Novel Method for Tower Grounding Resistance Measurement

The main problems of tower grounding resistance measurement are the unknown position of the tower grounding body caused by long-time buried span that affects measurement accuracy because of the imprecise electrode arrangement, the low efficiency achieved when measuring without a connected grounding lead, and the large error obtained when a tower grounding lead is connected. Hence, a novel method to measure tower grounding resistance is presented in this paper. In the proposed method, current of different frequency ranges is injected through the grounding lead on the premise of connecting a tower grounding lead. On the one hand, this method detects the buried position by analyzing the surface magnetic field intensity caused by exciting current. On the other hand, the method measures the tower grounding resistance value of different frequency ranges to obtain an accurate value through data processing. A measurement model with a connected grounding lead was constructed. The surface magnetic field distribution of the grounding body was analyzed. The accurate measurement condition was evaluated to determine the frequency range of exciting current and the data processing method. Finally, a simulation was performed to verify the method. Results showed that the method can identify the position of the tower grounding body and can measure the resistance accurately with a connected grounding lead.     

关于冲击接地电阻测量的探讨

工频接地阻抗测量的常用方法是IEEE推荐使用的电位降法,基于此,国内的实际操作中,测量方法大致采用远离法和补偿法。但冲击接地阻抗的测量国内外还没有比较成熟的理论。为此,通过数学模型建立目标函数,利用最优化方法—变度量法较精确地求出双指数函数中的参数;借助于傅氏级数把双指数函数转化为很多正弦函数的和。转化结果表明,冲击电流与工频电流类似,冲击接地电阻可按类似工频接地阻抗测量的方法测量;冲击电流下电压和电流引线间的互感比工频电流下大很多,冲击电阻测量时不能忽略引线间的互感。