润滑油缺失工况下不同活塞环涂层对缸套摩擦磨损对比研究

为研究润滑油缺失工况下不同活塞环涂层在不同温度下与缸套的摩擦学性能,选取5种商用活塞环涂层,利用扫描电子显微镜观察不同涂层的截面形貌,利用往复式摩擦磨损试验机,在润滑油缺失工况下,分别在常温、200 ℃和350 ℃条件下进行摩擦磨损试验,利用轮廓仪和光学显微镜分别观察摩擦试验后的磨损量和磨痕形貌。结果表明：CrN基涂层和CKS涂层主要为黏着磨损,对缸套磨损大,不同温度下摩擦学性能稳定;含DLC涂层主要为磨料磨损,常温摩擦因数小,高温下不同涂层有较大差异,其中CDC+DLC涂层综合性能最佳。     

高温、水介质下GH05轴承材料摩擦磨损性能*

高温、水介质润滑环境下轴承用高温无磁合金GH05材料的性质会发生转变,影响其磨损系数,进而影响轴承磨损性能,导致轴承振动噪声加剧。利用高温摩擦磨损试验机开展高温、水介质润滑下高温无磁合金GH05材料的摩擦磨损试验,分析温度、载荷、润滑对材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,获取关键性能参数,为特殊工况和润滑条件下的轴承寿命评估提供试验数据。结果表明：对于轴承用材料高温无磁合金GH05,在高温300 ℃时的摩擦因数约为0.53,在水介质润滑条件下的摩擦因数约为0.35;相比于常温25 ℃下摩擦因数,高温300 ℃环境下摩擦因数波动范围小,稳定性更强;相比于干摩擦状态,水介质润滑条件下摩擦因数小,稳定性好;随着温度的升高,无磁合金材料GH05的耐磨性降低;相同试验载荷下,无磁合金材料GH05在高温300 ℃干摩擦条件下的磨损体积最大,在常温水介质润滑条件下磨损体积最小。高温无磁合金材料GH05的磨损系数在高温300 ℃干摩擦条件下取值范围为1.93×〖JP〗10-7~3.02×10-7mm2/N。     

稀土复合纳米材料改性树脂基制动片摩擦学性能

为提升风电偏航树脂基制动片高温下的摩擦磨损性能,采用稀土和纳米材料对树脂基制动片进行改性。采用热压成型工艺制备改性树脂基制动片,对试样进行力学性能测试和摩擦磨损试验。采用SEM、EDS、XRD对试验后试样摩擦表面进行观察和分析,探究稀土和纳米材料对树脂基复合材料的作用机制。结果表明：添加稀土和纳米材料后试样的相关力学性能和摩擦学性能均有提高,其中质量分数1%的氧化铈和氧化钇、4%的纳米二氧化硅可使复合材料350℃高温下的摩擦因数提高9.09%,磨损率下降64.28%。稀土和纳米二氧化硅通过优异的界面效应,提高了高温下试样的抗热衰退性,降低了高温下试样的磨损量,使试样磨损形式从磨粒磨损为主转变为黏着磨损为主。     

纳米TiO 2填充酚醛树脂基摩擦材料摩擦磨损机制

考察纳米TiO 2填充酚醛树脂基摩擦材料在不同载荷和温度下的摩擦磨损性能,采用电子显微镜分析摩擦表面的微观形貌,采用粗糙度仪考察摩擦表面的粗糙度.结果表明:与添加微米TiO 2的摩擦材料相比,添加纳米TiO后,摩擦材料的韧性提高了22%,摩擦因数更加平稳;在300和350℃高温下磨损率分别降低了32%和22%,且摩擦材料磨损表面更致密平整.     

对偶材料对树脂基摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

分别以45#钢、铍青铜、碳化硅颗粒基体改性铍青铜、氧化铝涂层为对偶材料与同一种树脂基摩擦材料在MM1000-II型摩擦磨损试验机上进行干式摩擦磨损试验,研究对偶材料对树脂基摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能的影响;利用偏光显微镜观察材料磨损后的表面微观形貌。结果表明:氧化铝涂层对偶材料的磨损率最低,摩擦因数适中,但摩擦因数稳定性较差;对偶材料为45#钢时摩擦因数较低,但摩擦因数的稳定系最好;对偶材料为铍青铜时摩擦磨损性能最佳,摩擦因数较高且稳定性较好,铍青铜本身和与之匹配的摩擦材料的磨损率都很低,且摩擦表面均没有形成孔洞和犁沟;改性铍青铜在各方面都表现出较差的性能。     

半金属摩擦材料在隧道掘进机中的应用

研制了半金属树脂基摩擦材料替代石棉摩擦材料，对其摩擦学等性能进行了研究，并在进口掘进机上进行了试用。结果表明：半金属摩擦片的摩擦因数在0．362～0．392之间，变化平稳，在250℃以上高温热衰退少；耐磨性在200℃以下时略低于石棉摩擦片材料，而在200℃以上时与石棉摩擦片材料相当；强度性能达到了原石棉摩擦片材料的技术性能指标。装机试验表明：所研制的摩擦片磨损总量最小，耐磨性能和使用寿命在正常使用或离合器打滑情况下优于石棉摩擦片。     

非平衡磁控溅射制备Cr掺杂DLC复合薄膜的高温摩擦学性能

元素掺杂是提升DLC薄膜摩擦学性能和耐温性能的重要途径。采用直流磁控溅射技术在304不锈钢基体表面沉积了含氢DLC薄膜,同时利用射频磁控溅射技术完成Cr元素的掺杂,研究Cr元素掺杂对DLC薄膜的力学性能及摩擦学性能的影响。采用纳米压痕仪测试薄膜硬度并利用划痕试验测试膜基结合力,采用拉曼光谱分析薄膜sp²和sp³键含量的变化和转移膜的生成。采用UMT多功能摩擦磨损试验机评价薄膜在常温和高温环境下的摩擦磨损性能,并利用扫描电镜观察磨损表面,分析其磨损机制。结果表明,Cr元素掺杂会显著提高薄膜的膜基结合力,但会使薄膜硬度有一定的下降。常温摩擦学性能测试显示,DLC薄膜的摩擦因数随着Cr含量的增加呈现出先下降后上升的趋势,在Cr质量分数为3.34%时达到最低;但薄膜的磨损率随Cr含量的增加略有升高。高温摩擦学性能测试表明,Cr元素掺杂显著改善了DLC薄膜的高温摩擦学性能,未掺杂的DLC在150℃以上摩擦时会失效,Cr元素掺杂使薄膜在250℃下也能保持较低的摩擦因数和较长的抗磨寿命。Cr元素的加入能够提高DLC薄膜的膜基结合力,降低摩擦因数,并提高薄膜...     

H13钢氮化前后表面磁控溅射CrAlN薄膜的摩擦磨损性能

为了提高H13钢的表面耐磨性能,用直流磁控溅射法在氮化与未氮化的H13钢表面沉积CrAlN薄膜,并对处理前后的摩擦磨损性能进行了比较;用扫描电镜观察薄膜形貌,并测其厚度;测量了随炉硅片的薄膜显微硬度;用摩擦磨损试验机测试了在室温和600℃条件下薄膜的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明：薄膜平均厚度为4．8μm,硬度为23．7GPa;室温条件下材料的表面摩擦因数为0．60～0．65,600℃条件下摩擦因数为0．61～0．96;CrAlN／氮化H13钢和CrAlN／H13钢在室温摩擦时的耐磨性分别是H13钢的1．9倍和1．7倍,在600℃条件下耐磨性分别是H13钢的1．25倍和7倍。     

不同工况下镍基自润滑材料的摩擦磨损性能

采用复压复烧工艺制备以Ni-Cu合金为基体的石墨自润滑复合材料,在Rtec高温摩擦磨损试验机上开展不同温度、载荷、介质环境条件下的摩擦磨损试验,利用三维形貌仪观察圆盘试样的磨损形貌并得出其材料的Archard磨损率。结果表明：随着载荷增大,摩擦因数略有减小,稳定性提高,磨损痕迹越来越明显;随着温度升高,摩擦因数先减小再增大,稳定性降低,磨损情况越来越严重;水介质环境下,摩擦因数变大,稳定性降低,磨痕宽度和深度明显变大;温度和介质环境对磨损率的影响更加明显,常温(25℃)水介质、高温(300℃)干摩擦、常温干摩擦工况下所得磨损率之比约为81∶37∶1。     

水润滑硅基非氧化陶瓷摩擦学性能及其表面改性研究进展

综述了水润滑条件下硅基非氧化物陶瓷(Si3N4和SiC)摩擦学性能的研究状况,包括水润滑条件下其摩擦磨损特性以及其表面改性技术对其摩擦学性能的影响.硅基非氧化物陶瓷在水中显示出较低的摩擦因数以及良好的抗磨损能力;表面改性技术能有效地改善硅基非氧化陶瓷的水润滑摩擦磨损性能,离子注入技术是表面改性技术的一个重要发展趋势.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.