聚乙烯醇缩糠醛的改性研究

分别以甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯（TDI）、γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（KH-550）和氮丙啶为改性剂,对聚乙烯醇缩糠醛进行改性。研究了改性后胶膜的力学性能、热失重、耐水性、耐酸碱及耐有机溶剂腐蚀性。结果表明,氮丙啶改性聚乙烯醇缩楝醛的拉伸强度提高了69.59％,断裂伸长率提高了48.34％,耐水性、耐酸碱性及耐有机溶剂腐蚀性也都有了明显的提高;TDI改性聚乙烯醇缩糠醛的热稳定性明显优于其他产品。     

氮丙啶改性聚乙烯醇缩糠醛的研究

利用氮丙啶交联剂对聚乙烯醇缩糠醛进行改性,研究了交联剂用量对改性胶膜的力学性能、溶胀度、玻璃化转变温度（Tg）的影响。结果表明,在聚乙烯醇缩糠醛溶液中加入适量的氮丙啶交联剂,能明显提高胶膜的力学性能,与未经改性的胶膜相比,拉伸强度提高39．58％,断裂伸长率增加了5421％,Tg也提高了6℃,耐水、耐碱、耐溶剂性都得到很大提高。     

聚乙烯醇缩糠醛的制备与性能

在酸催化条件下,用聚乙烯醇(PVA)和糠醛(Fu)合成了聚乙烯醇缩糠醛,采用紫外光谱(UV)和红外光谱(FT-IR)表征了产物的结构,讨论了反应物浓度、单体配比和反应时间对Fu残留量的影响,并测试了产物的力学性能和耐水性.结果表明,Fu残留量随反应物浓度和单体配比的下降而降低,反应时间没有规律性的影响;当n[PVA]0:n[Fu]0=1.25时,胶膜的力学性能比较理想;当,n[PVA]0:n[Fu]0=0.5时,胶膜吸水性最小.     

复合改性淀粉基木材胶粘剂的制备

首先糠醛和聚乙烯醇(PVA)在酸性条件下合成聚乙烯醇缩糠醛树脂;然后将该树脂和环氧氯丙烷对氧化淀粉进行2步改性,并加入适量的亲水改性多异氰酸酯,制得多层人造板用淀粉基木材胶粘剂。研究结果表明:当pH为10、w(聚乙烯醇缩糠醛树脂)=20%和w(环氧氯丙烷)=1.0%(均相对于氧化淀粉胶粘剂质量而言)时,该胶粘剂的湿态剪切强度升至0.68 MPa;施胶前加入3.0%亲水改性多异氰酸酯(相对于氧化淀粉胶粘剂质量而言),则该胶粘剂的胶接强度(为0.72 MPa)满足GB/T 9846—2004标准中Ⅱ类胶合板的指标要求。     

异丁基乙烯基醚/马来酸酐共聚物改性聚乙烯醇的研究

采用异丁基乙烯基醚/马来酸酐共聚物对聚乙烯醇(PVA)进行共混改性,研究了改性 PVA 的耐水性及力学性能,发现改性后的 PVA 的耐水性及力学性能有明显提高,其中当异丁基乙烯基醚/马来酸酐共聚物的含量为2%时,共混薄膜的断裂伸长率达到300%。同时从增塑性及结晶性等多方面对共混体系的改性机理进行了分析。     

马来酸催化制备聚乙烯醇缩丁醛的新工艺研究

以马来酸(MAc)为催化剂,聚乙烯醇(PVA)和正丁醛为原料,通过缩醛化反应制备了一系列聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)树脂。考察了MAc掺量、m(正丁醛)∶m(PVA)及表面活性剂掺量等对PVB产率和胶膜力学性能的影响,并对PVB的结构及热稳定性等进行了分析。研究结果表明:以MAc为催化剂制备的PVB具有较好的热稳定性;当w(MAc)=9%、m(正丁醛)∶m(PVA)=0.6∶1.0和w[十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)]=1.0%(均相对于PVA质量而言)时,PVB的产率相对最高,PVB胶膜的拉伸强度(49.40 MPa)和断裂伸长率(160%)相对最大;当m(PVB)∶m[环氧树脂(EP)]=0.3∶1.0时,PVB改性EP胶粘剂的剪切强度相对最大(为8.63 MPa)。     

聚乙烯醇缩糠醛纳滤膜的制备

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和糠醛(Fu)为主要原料,采用溶液涂敷法制备了聚乙烯醇缩糠醛(PVFu)复合纳滤膜,考查了聚乙烯醇的浓度、交联剂的用量及糠醛含量等对膜分离性能的影响。结果表明,在25℃,75%相对湿度条件下,通过质量分数5%的聚乙烯醇溶液与1%的糠醛缩醛化交联反应所制得的纳滤膜在1.0 MPa操作压力下对PEG600的截留率达到98.30%,水通量为11.3 L.m-2.h-1。随着操作压力的增加,通量呈线性增加,截留率也相应上升;该膜有较好的耐氯性;用红外光谱仪表征了复合膜的分子结构。用原子力显微镜(AFM)观察了复合膜的表面形态,用X射线衍射仪研究了聚乙烯醇缩糠醛固化后的结晶状态,并用动态活性氯测试法测试膜的耐氯性。     

重氮感光胶耐水耐磨性的研究

用甲醛、丁醛、糠醛对重氮感光胶中的主要成分聚乙烯醇进行改性，以增强感光胶的耐水性和耐磨性，对感光胶性能测试的结果表明，用丁醛对聚乙烯醇改性，获得的感光胶耐水耐磨性能良好。     

木质素糠醛改性甲阶酚醛树脂的合成

采用木质素和糠醛改性普通甲阶酚醛树脂。运用正交实验法得到木质素糠醛改性甲阶酚醛树脂的最佳反应条件,通过IR,DSC,TG分析和压缩性能测试对产物的热性能和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,在苯酚100g,木质素40g,甲醛116.54g,糠醛34.28g,反应温度85℃,反应时间3h,体系pH值9的条件下得到的改性甲阶酚醛树脂固含量70%～80%,黏度850～1000mPa.s(25℃),热分解温度为258℃,与普通甲阶酚醛树脂(263℃)相比,耐热性稍差。所制备的改性酚醛塑料的压缩强度为1.07MPa,比普通酚醛塑料(0.73MPa)高,木质素和糠醛的引入提高了泡沫塑料的韧性。     

PVB/KH-560协同改性聚氨酯的合成及膜性能

以聚醚丙二醇(PPG600)、IPDI(异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯)、γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-560)为主要原料,DMPA(2,2-二羟甲基丙酸)扩链合成支链型Si-WPU(硅氧烷水性聚氨酯)预聚体,再与PVB(聚乙烯醇缩丁醛)键合得到协同改性水性聚氨酯(PVB-Si-WPU)乳液,制备成膜。采用FT-IR(红外光谱)和TG(热重分析)法对胶膜进行表征,考察了R(—NCO/—OH)值和KH-560、PVB含量对乳液或胶膜性能的影响。研究结果表明:KH-560和PVB接枝到WPU分子链后,胶膜热稳定性得到一定提高;R值=2.6时,拉伸强度达到5.4 MPa,断裂伸长率降至237%;当KH-560和PVB添加量的质量分数分别等于6%和2%时(相对于纯WPU胶膜),PVB-Si-WPU胶膜的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率分别增长3.78、2.01倍,吸水率由38.0%降到15.4%。可见,KH-560和PVB的引入提高了WPU乳液的综合性能。     

Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)-Inorganic Hybrid Materials with Thermocleavable Groups

A series of novel hybrid materials have been prepared by the Diels-Alder reaction of poly(vinyl furfural) to maleimide compound followed by the sol-gel condensation of triethoxysilyl groups with water and acetic acid. The poly(vinyl furfural) having acetalization degree of 15% and 25% were obtained by the acid-catalyzed homogenous acetalization of poly(vinyl alcohol) with 2-furfural in a nonaqueous media. The resulting hybrid materials were characterized by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractions, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The thermal properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric and dynamic mechanical analysis. The thermal stability of the hybrid materials increased with increasing the inorganic content.     

蒽改性聚乙烯醇水凝胶的制备与表征

首先以蒽甲醛和聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)为溶剂、对甲苯磺酸(TsOH)为催化剂,反应得到蒽接枝改性聚乙烯醇(AnPVA)。然后利用混合溶剂凝胶法制备AnPVA水凝胶。通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)、拉伸等测试,研究水凝胶的力学等性能。结果表明,相比于纯PVA水凝胶,AnPVA水凝胶的力学性能得到了显著提高,在水凝胶中引入疏水基团是一种十分有效提高水凝胶力学性能的手段。AnPVA水凝胶浸泡于水中加热后无明显溶胀,有着优异的耐热和耐水性能,并且该水凝胶是物理交联网络,有着良好的循环重塑性能。     

脲醛树脂胶粘剂复合改性研究

脲醛树脂(UF)胶粘剂是一种由尿素与甲醛通过缩聚反应而合成的热固性树脂,广泛应用于木材加工及涂饰行业。针对目前市售脲醛树脂存在的一些问题如游离甲醛含量高、耐水性差、贮藏稳定性差等进行了研究,在探讨合成机理的同时,通过分别加入聚乙烯醇(PVA)、糠醛、硫脲以及由PVA、糠醛和硫脲组成的复合改性剂对树脂进行改性。研究结果表明：复合改性剂的加入,使得改性合成的UF树脂在游离甲醛含量、耐水性、贮藏稳定性等方面优于未改性的UF树脂。     

溶液共混法制备高强度淀粉基完全生物降解塑料薄膜

利用一步溶液共混法，将预糊化的淀粉糊与PvA溶液共混，用乙二醛进行交联，制备淀粉／聚乙烯醇（PVA）完全生物降解塑料薄膜。研究不同乙二醛和甘油的用量对薄膜性能的影响。薄膜的力学性能、热性能和微观形态表征表明，淀粉／PvA体系具有较好的相容性和较高的力学性能，薄膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别可达到28．52MPa和307．5％。     

Preparation of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Nanocomposite Films Reinforced with Poly(Amide–Imide)/CuO Having N-trimellitylimido-L-valine Linkages for the Improvement of Mechanical and Thermal Properties

In this investigation, nanocomposite films were fabricated by dispersion of poly(amide–imide)/CuO nanocomposites as nanofiller in the poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix via an ultrasonic process. The nanofiller was prepared and mixed with PVA matrix. After dispersion of nanofiller into the poly(vinyl alcohol), the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were improved. For example, the addition of 6 wt% nanofiller into the poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix enhanced the tensile modulus by 39%. The residual weight at 800°C was 7% for pure poly(vinyl alcohol) while the nanocomposites illustrated 12–19% residue at this temperature.     

交联PVA/SiO_2复合膜的制备及性能

采用一种氮丙啶交联剂对聚乙烯醇(PVA)进行交联,通过红外等测试表征研究交联剂用量对交联膜化学结构、力学性能、溶胀性及耐水性的影响,从而确定薄膜性能最优时交联剂的用量.当交联剂用量质量分数为3%时,其拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别提高25.9%和38.1%,力学性能得到明显改善.将性能最优交联膜与纳米SiO_2复合,测试复合膜的力学性能,结果表明:其性能得到进一步提高.     

Effect of PVA content on morphology,swelling and mechanical property of crosslinked chitosan/PVA nanofibre

Abstract

Crosslinked chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibres were successfully prepared via electrospinning technique with heat mediated chemical crosslinking. The structure, morphology and mechanical properties of nanofibres were characterised by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and tensile tester respectively. The SEM images demonstrated that crosslinked nanofibres exhibited a smooth surface and regular morphology. With increasing PVA, swelling of nanofabric increased. The mechanical properties of the fibre mats, as determined in a static tensile test, improved with increasing PVA composition owing to strong interaction between chitosan and poly(vinyl alcohol) molecular resulted from intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The crosslinked chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol) nanofibrous mats have potential use as artificial skin and other tissue scaffold materials.     

Fabrication and Characterization of Electrospun PVA/Mica Fibrous Nanocomposite Mats

This paper focuses on the fabrication of cost effective and high performance poly(vinyl alcohol)/mica fibrous nanocomposites using electrospinning. Effective incorporation of fine particles of mica in poly(vinyl alcohol)/mica nanocomposites was examined and confirmed along with the evidence of good dispersion, by digital optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The presence of mica improved the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites without affecting the thermal stability. The electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) mats containing 20?wt% mica exhibited tensile strength of 13.29?MPa and tensile modulus of 180.3?MPa as compared to values of 3.92 and 83?MPa, respectively, for poly(vinyl alcohol) fiber mats.