一种大型薄壁件的多点柔性定位工装与装夹优化技术

针对航空航天制造中经常会用到的一些尺寸大、刚度低、易变形的大型薄壁件,开发出了一种多点柔性定位工装,根据这种柔性工装和工件的特点,提出了一种能够对这类零件的定位/支承布局方式进行有效优化的方法,提高了零件的加工质量,节省了这类零件制造的工装成本。     

汽车覆盖件主模型检具大型薄壁件制造工艺研究

汽车主模型检具是专门用来验证汽车覆盖件匹配的一种特殊工装,且由许多模块组成。由于模块材料为超硬铝,且常为大型薄壁件,所以在加工时极易变形,加工质量难以保证。针对大型薄壁件在加工中采用的装夹方式、机床和刀具的选择以及对加工工艺路线制定等方面进行研究,并提出一些预防加工变形的措施。最后,通过对车门模块精加工进行验证,用三坐标测量机对其薄壁处若干点进行测量,所有变形量均控制在0.1 mm以内。     

大型薄壁件多点位自动化柔性支撑系统的位置优化研究

为解决多点位柔性工装系统在夹持大型薄壁件过程中需要满足定位形变量控制问题,基于“N-2-1”定位原理,针对均布算法局限,提出一种不依赖于外部操作者就能按照自生成原理实现系统的位置优化方法,并通过有限元软件Abaqus建立了大型薄壁件多点定位数值模型,采用先整体再局部依次进行位置优化。结果表明：优化后的支撑点位布局合理,系统资源利用率高,与单一整体位置优化相比,添加局部位置优化能够以最少支撑点位使得航空薄壁件更易达到工程要求;而对于局部存在缺陷无法进行支撑,则需考虑特定情况,调整相应支承机构点沿减小工件加工变形的最敏感方向移动,在局部变形较大的地方优化支撑点的数目,使得其变形相对于初始变形量显著下降,并且吸附压力也满足工程要求。     

飞机铝合金薄壁件的加工质量研究

在薄壁件切削加工过程中的加工变形和良品率低等问题成为了影响零件的加工精度和生产率的主要因素。因此,研究薄壁件加工中变形误差较大和良品率低等问题在理论研究和实际应用中都具有重大意义。对于铝合金薄壁件主要采用实验研究和限元分析相结合的方法,分析数控加工中薄壁件加工质量的主要影响因素,并论述了加工过程中,从加工工艺方案、装夹方案、刀具的选择和走刀路线等方面控制薄壁件的变形、加强加工过程中其刚度的具体改进措施,以提高薄壁件加工效率和质量。     

1100铝合金薄壁零件的工装设计与加工工艺

分析了1100铝合金电容器外壳薄壁零件的结构特点及加工工艺方案;探讨了影响加工过程中加工变形的工装方式.通过采用有效的装夹减小薄壁零件的加工变形,保证了加工质量,明显地提高生产效率.     

航空薄壁件铣削加工铣削力预测方法研究

铣削加工中铣削力是导致加工变形的直接原因,而航空薄壁件加工中,加工变形是加工误差产生的主要因素.本文以航空薄壁件铣削加工过程的铣削力为研究对象,通过确定铣削力模型和切削系数参数,建立了刚性和考虑刀具工件变形耦合的柔性预测两种模型.在柔性模型中,采用预扭Timoshenko梁单元的刀具/工件独立建模的方法建立有限元模型,利用Python语言在通用有限元软件Abaqus下迭代求解.实验验证表明预测模型具有很高的准确性和有效性.     

铝合金薄壁散热片零件加工工艺改进

以一种典型的铝合金薄壁散热片零件为试验研究对象,分析该类零件的加工难点,从改进工装结构保证工装实体与零件薄壁部位完全贴合来增强刚度,改进工装结构保证工装平面与零件平面面对面定位以均布螺钉固定的装夹方法消除装夹变形量,改进工装结构保证工装与零件组成方形凸凹配合定位方式提高定位精度等三个方面对生产中原来用的加工工艺进行改进。改进后的加工工艺有效地避免了铝合金薄壁散热片零件加工震颤和加工变形的问题,有效地保证了零件的尺寸精度和表面质量,且装夹方便快捷,重复定位精度高,能高效完成该类零件的批量生产。     

有效提升薄壁铝合金壳体零件数控铣削加工效率的工艺研究

针对一种薄壁矩形壳体零件难加工的特点,设计了一种薄壁矩形壳体零件数控铣削加工工装。通过该铣削工装的实际应用,结果表明:该工装的尺寸和形位公差都在要求规定的范围之内,保证了该类薄壁矩形壳体零件的加工质量与尺寸精度,减小了工件的变形量,简化了该加工工艺流程,极大地提高了生产效率。     

基于ABAQUS的典型薄壁件加工变形仿真与试验研究

介绍了薄壁件铣削加工受力模型和有限元法在薄壁件铣削加工中的应用. 针对薄壁零件铣削加工中的变形问题进行了研究,设计了有限元分析的加载过程与方法.结合铣削加工试验,并运用ABAQUS有限元分析软件,获得典型薄壁件加工变形的基本规律,为进一步研究控制薄壁件加工变形方案提供了依据.     

异形薄壁空心件制造技术

介绍一种异形薄壁空心件的制造方法。采取在内外刚性固定、支撑下进行成型焊接,控制工件变形。设计了组合式工装使工件焊接完成后能顺利从工件内腔取出;使用了置换式热处理工装,让工件在热处理时减少变形。通过多种变形控制措施,使薄壁空心件焊接达到国标A公差范围内。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。