不锈钢纳米流体微量润滑车削实验研究

纳米流体微量润滑(NFMQL)是一种全新的微量润滑(MQL)增效技术,为了解其对不锈钢切削的效果,分别在干切削、浇注润滑、MQL和Al_2O_3颗粒的NFMQL条件下对SUS304不锈钢进行车削,比较切削力、切削温度、光洁度和刀具寿命的差异。实验结果显示:NFMQL冷却润滑效果要好于MQL,但比浇注润滑差;NFMQL比MQL更容易获得较小的切削力和切削温度、光洁度以及更长的刀具工作寿命,NFMQL对光洁度和刀具寿命改善显著。NFMQL改善不锈钢切削性能,适合在不锈钢切削中应用。     

基于ABAQUS高速切削Ti-6Al-4V切削状态的有限元仿真

文章基于Abaqus/Explicit的Johnson-Cook材料模型以及断裂准则模拟高速正交切削Ti-6Al-4V,仿真分析了切削速度、切削深度、刀具前角变化时对平均切削力以及锯齿状切屑形态的影响.研究结果表明:切屑锯齿化程度和齿距随切削速度和切削深度的增加而增大,随前角的增加而减小.平均切削力在切削速度为60m/min-180m/min时趋于平稳,随切削深度增加而增大,随前角增大而减小.     

颗粒流切削润滑研究现状及展望

切削润滑是实现高速、精密切削的必要条件,然而传统切削润滑技术与绿色制造要求之间的矛盾越来越突出,而颗粒流润滑是一种具有广阔应用前景的绿色切削润滑技术.首先,指出了传统浇注式切削润滑的问题和不足,最小量润滑(Minimum Quantity Lubrication,MQL)、液氮冷却等常见绿色切削润滑技术的优势和缺点,以...     

PCBN高速切削25CrMo4过程的切削温度研究

为获得25CrMo4淬火钢的最优切削参数,应用Deform-3D软件建立三维有限元模型并对切削过程进行仿真,获得了不同切削速度、背吃刀量和进给量下切削温度的变化规律,通过对模拟结果评估获得了最佳切削参数。在最佳切削参数下进行切削实验,结果发现:随着切削速度、进给量和切削深度的增加切削温度都呈上升趋势;不同切削速度下的切削温度实验与模拟值非常吻合,这表明在实验切削速度范围内切削温度是优化切削参数的最主要物理量。     

不锈钢微量润滑车削残余应力的研究

为了了解不锈钢微量润滑切削的加工残余应力规律,以切削深度、切削速度、进给量和切削液为影响因素,以加工残余应力为结果,进行不锈钢车削的四因素三水平正交实验。结果表明:加工残余应力一般为拉应力;对残余应力的影响从大到小依次为:切削速度、切削液类型、切削深度和进给量,其中前二者影响较大;残余应力随着切削速度增加而增大;单一因素对加工残余应力影响不显著,多因素联合调节时,则有一个较大的影响效果。     

基于切削技术的金刚石刀具磨损特征分析

金刚石刀具的磨损情况决定其使用寿命。用金刚石PCD刀具切削6061-T6镁铝合金工件,通过不同切削速度、切削深度、振动频率、刀具后角时的切削力及切削温度变化,研究不同刀具前后角、进给量、切削转速时的工件表面粗糙度及刀具磨损面积。结果表明:金刚石刀具的切削力和切削温度随切削速度、切削深度的增加而增大,随振动频率的增加而减小;刀具后角增大,金刚石刀具的切削力呈先下降而后缓缓上升趋势,但对切削温度的影响很小。当刀具前角为10°,刀具后角为8°,切削速度为0.46?m/s,切削深度为28?μm,进给量为0.10?mm/r,切削转速为4100?r/min,振动频率为22?kHz,切削振幅为9?μm时,金刚石刀具的磨损面积最小,磨损程度最低,使用寿命最长,但工件的表面粗糙度稍高。      

微量润滑系统参数对加工残余应力影响试验

微量润滑(MQL)切削是一种绿色加工技术。为了解MQL系统对加工残余应力影响,通过45钢车削正交试验,研究MQL系统的空气压力、润滑液用量、喷射距离、油雾温度对加工残余应力的影响。试验结果表明:油雾温度对加工残余应力的影响最大,润滑液用量也有一定的影响,空气压力和喷射距离的影响不显著;油雾温度降低,残余(拉)应力变小;润滑液用量增加,残余(拉)应力变小;MQL系统对加工残余应力的影响机制是通过改变油雾的冷却能力和渗透性,改变残余应力热力耦中的热效应。     

Ti-6Al-4V合金的风冷切削

不用切削油的切削有风冷切削、吹氮切削等，此外还有只使用微量切削油的MQL(超微量润滑)切削。但风冷加工用于切削加工的实例几乎没有。     

颗粒流滴注润滑车削实验研究北大核心

为了解颗粒流滴注润滑的切削加工规律,在干切削、浇注润滑、颗粒流滴注润滑条件下,对45钢进行精、粗车削实验,比较试样的切削力、切削温度和粗糙度的差异,研究颗粒流滴注润滑对切削加工的影响。结果表明:颗粒流滴注润滑径向切削力小于浇注润滑,切向和轴向切削力和浇注润滑相差不大;颗粒流滴注润滑切削温度小于浇注润滑;颗粒流滴注润滑加工表面粗糙度小于浇注润滑。颗粒流滴注润滑可以代替浇注润滑,显著降低润滑液用量,具有环保性。     

切削参数对子午线轮胎模具侧板切削比能及表面粗糙度的影响研究

以子午线轮胎模具侧板为研究对象进行铣削试验,着重研究主轴转速、每齿进给量、切削深度对轮胎模具侧板切削比能、材料去除率和表面粗糙度的影响规律。分析试验结果可知:切削比能随着切削参数的增大而减小,说明适当增大切削参数可以提高切削效率并节约能量;表面粗糙度随主轴转速增大呈先增大后减小的趋势,随切削深度和每齿进给量的增加而增大。结果表明:提高主轴转速既有利于降低切削比能(节能)也有利于改善表面粗糙度,增大每齿进给量和切削深度会降低切削比能但会恶化表面质量。因此,为同时达到高效节能和良好表面质量的要求,应尽量提高主轴转速。     

Experimental evaluation on the effect of minimal quantities of lubricant in milling

Implementation of stricter Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations associated with the use of ample amount of flood coolant has led to this study on minimal quantities of lubrication (MQL) technique on milling of ASSAB 718 HH steel at 35 HRc with uncoated carbide inserts while the MQL amount and flood coolant flow rate were 8.5 ml h⁻¹ and 42,000 ml min⁻¹, respectively. Unlike fracture in flood cooling or flaking in dry cutting the MQL used aided inserts were still in serviceable condition despite the presence of higher width of flank wear. Analyses of the cutting force, surface roughness, chip shape and EDX findings reveal that MQL may be considered as an economical and environmentally compatible lubrication technique for low speed, feed rate and depth of cut.     

Effect of cooling and lubrication conditions on surface topography and turning process of C45 steel

At present coolants and lubricants are increasingly recognized as harmful factors for environment and machine operators’ health. Industry and research institutions are looking for new means of reducing or eliminating the use of cutting fluids, both for economical and ecological reasons. This can be done if quality properties of machined surfaces and process parameters in dry and wet machining are comparable. This paper presents an investigation into the influence of cutting zone cooling and lubrication on surface roughness, waviness, profile bearing ratio and topography after turning C45 steel. Dry cutting and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) results are compared with conventional emulsion cooling. Cutting forces and their components were put under examination as well. The experimental outcomes indicate that the cooling and lubrication conditions affect significantly the investigated process and surface properties. However, the impact of the cooling and lubricating technique depends to a large extent on the applied cutting parameters, namely the cutting speed and feed rate. Turning dry or with MQL with properly selected cutting parameters makes it possible to produce better surface topography characteristics than turning with conventional emulsion cooling. Apart from improving the surface properties the MQL mode of cooling and lubrication also provides environmental friendliness.     

A Study on Tribology in Minimal Quantity Lubrication Cutting

Despite the fact that minimal quantity lubrication (MQL) machining produces almost similar cutting performance to conventional flood supply machining while using much less metal working fluid (MWF), it has not been fully utilized in industry due to lack of understanding of the fundamental process physics. To take full advantage of MQL machining and expand its applicability, an understanding of its tribological behavior is critical. Hence, in this study, the adsorption characteristics of MQL media during orthogonal cutting was investigated using two experimental setups; one in a high vacuum chamber with a mass spectrometer to observe mass changes of MQL media during cutting, and another setup in an atmospheric chamber where the supply of MQL media can be controlled. The former is mainly for analysis of the tribological behavior of MQL media, and the latter for cutting performance monitoring. It was found that the adsorption amount of MQL media was closely related to lubrication behavior. Oxygen in MQL supply plays a significant role in lubrication. Ultrasonic vibration cutting tests with MQL were conducted for further understanding of lubrication mechanism.     

Feasibility study of the minimum quantity lubrication in high-speed end milling of NAK80 hardened steel by coated carbide tool

High-speed milling of hardened steels generates high cutting temperature and leads to detrimental effects on tool life and workpiece surface finish. In this paper, feasibility study of the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) in high-speed end milling of NAK80 hardened steel by coated carbide tool was undertaken. Flood cooling and dry cutting experiments were conducted also for comparison. It is found that cutting under flood cooling condition results in the shortest tool life due to severe thermal cracks while the use of MQL leads to the best performance. MQL is beneficial to tool life both in the lower speed cutting and the higher speed cutting conditions. A less viscous oil of MQL is essential in high cutting speed so that cooling effect can be effective. SEM micrograph of the insert shows that the use of MQL in high-speed cutting can delay welding of chips on the tool and hence prolongs tool life as compared with dry cutting condition. The application of MQL also improves machined surface finish in high-speed milling of die steels.     

切削用量对切削力和切削振动的影响

为探究车削时切削用量对切削力和切削振动的影响,设定半精加工的切削用量范围,采用正交试验设计方法制定试验流程,在数控机床上使用硬质合金外圆车刀对45#圆钢进行切削试验,切削过程不加冷却液,并分别使用Kistler切削力测量系统和Vib Pilot M+P切削振动测量系统同时采集3个方向的切削力信号和切削振动信号,对试验数据使用方差分析(ANOVA)、贡献率计算和相关分析的方法进行处理。结果表明:背吃刀量对主切削力和进给力的影响最大,进给量对背向力和3个方向切削振动的影响最大,而切削速度对各方向切削力和切削振动的影响都最小;切削力信号的误差要远小于切削振动信号的误差。试验分析结果可以为合理设计切削用量参数,有效选择切削状态监控信号提供参考。     

A Synthetic Ester as an Optimal Cutting Fluid for Minimal Quantity Lubrication Machining

Significant progress has been made in dry and semidry machining recently, and minimal quantity lubrication (MQL) machining in particular has been accepted as a successful semidry application because of its environmentally friendly characteristics. A number of studies have shown that MQL machining can show satisfactory performance in practical machining operations. However, there has been little investigation of the cutting fluids to be used in MQL machining. In this study, several fluids, including vegetable and synthetic esters, are compared on the basis of the physical properties that would be suitable for MQL applications. The cutting performance of fluids is also evaluated using actual MQL operations. As a result, biodegradable synthetic esters are found to be optimal cutting fluids for MQL machining.     

Refrigerated cooling air cutting of difficult-to-cut materials

One approach to enhance machining performance is to apply cutting fluids during cutting process. However, the use of cutting fluids in machining process has caused some problems such as high cost, pollution, and hazards to operator's health. All the problems related to the use of cutting fluids have urged researchers to search for some alternatives to minimize or even avoid the use of cutting fluids in machining operations. Cooling gas cutting is one of these alternatives. This paper investigates the effect of cooling air cutting on tool wear, surface finish and chip shape in finish turning of Inconel 718 nickel-base super alloy and high-speed milling of AISI D2 cold work tool steel. Comparative experiments were conducted under different cooling/lubrication conditions, i.e. dry cutting, minimal quantity lubrication (MQL), cooling air, and cooling air and minimal quantity lubrication (CAMQL). For this research, composite refrigeration method was adopted to develop a new cooling gas equipment which was used to lower the temperature of compressed gas. The significant experimental results were: (i) application of cooing air and CAMQL resulted in drastic reduction in tool wear and surface roughness, and significant improvement in chip shape in finish turning of Inconel 718, (ii) in the high-speed milling of AISI D2, cooling air cutting presented longer tool life and slightly higher surface roughness than dry cutting and MQL. Therefore, it appears that cooling air cutting can provide not only environment friendliness but also great improvement in machinability of difficult-to-cut materials.     

MQL与普通切削液加工方法的实验研究

随着环境保护意识的提高，从降低加工成本和提高加工精度的需求出发，Minimal Quantity Lubrication(MQL)加工方法正被逐渐地研究与采用。通过实验并与普通切削油加工方法比较，MQL方法表现出其在刀具磨耗、切削阻抗、工件表面粗糙度影响方面比后者具有更优的物理与加工特性。     

Flow visualization and characterization for optimized MQL machining of composites

Limited information is available on the effect of Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) parameters (oil flow rate OFR, air flow rate AFR, nozzle orientation and distance from the cutting zone) on flow characteristics. ‘Particle Image Velocimetry’ and ‘Phase Doppler Anemometry’ flow visualization methods were used to define the optimal MQL jet for better penetration and cooling/lubrication; coherent, small magnitude/number of vorticities, and small droplets of high velocity. Effect of flow characteristics on cutting forces, temperature, tool wear and geometric errors was examined in CFRP milling. Optimum AFR, OFR and nozzle distance from the cutting zone were established and compared to flood, pressurized air, and dry machining.