基于灰色系统理论的A7N01铝合金焊接接头疲劳寿命预测

以A7N01铝合金MIG焊接试样为研究对象,通过拉伸试验和疲劳试验确定A7N01焊接接头的应力应变曲线及疲劳寿命曲线;利用灰色系统理论建立GM(1,1)模型和等维灰色递补GM(1,1)模型,将两模型运用到A7N01铝合金焊接接头疲劳寿命预测中,并用试验值对两模型的预测精度进行评估。评估结果表明,GM(1,1)模型和等维灰色递补GM(1,1)模型均可对A7N01铝合金焊接接头疲劳寿命进行预测,且等维灰色递补GM(1,1)模型的预测精度高于原始GM(1,1)模型,等维灰色递补GM(1,1)模型可以更好地预测A7N01焊接接头的疲劳寿命。     

基于粒子群优化算法的腐蚀预测灰色动态模型

针对海底管道腐蚀预测提出一种基于粒子群优化(PSO)算法的新型灰色预测模型。在传统灰色GM(1,1)模型的基础上引入PSO算法优化背景权值和等维灰数递补方法对模型进行动态更新,建立了RGM(1,1)和RPGM(1,1)模型并应用在海底管道腐蚀预测中。对比三种模型的预测结果后发现,灰色预测理论适用于海底管道腐蚀预测;RGM(1,1)模型比传统GM(1,1)模型的预测效果稍好;RPGM(1,1)模型预的测精度与另外两种模型相比,有大幅提升。PSO算法对传统模型的改进效果显著,RPGM(1,1)模型具有较高的工程应用价值。     

多模型并行的铝电解异常状态检测与预报

铝电解过程中阳极效应、冷槽、热槽等异常状态经常单独或同时发生,异常状态的发生对整个电解生产过程中的各项技术指标产生很大影响,影响铝的产量和质量降低,浪费大量的电能,针对此问题本文提出了一种多模型并行的铝电解异常状态预报方法。该方法先进行降维处理,提取异常状态信息主成分,再分别通过混沌神经网络模型与图像检测模型进行异常状态的初步诊断,最后将两种模型的输出结果以最优权值进行加权融合,用加权融合后的结果进行异常状态的诊断与预报,这种方法提高了异常状态预报的准确率,加大了预报的提前量,抗干扰能力得到加强。实验结果表明:该方法能高效准确的对铝电解过程中的异常状态进行诊断与预报。     

磨削加工仿真预报系统的研究现状及发展趋势

磨削加工作为大部分产品成形前的最后一道工序,直接影响产品的加工精度和表面质量。磨削加工的多参数输入、输出和磨削过程中输入、输出参数之间的非线性映射决定了计算机仿真技术在磨削加工中应用的重要性。概述了计算机仿真技术相关理论,基于国内外磨削加工及预报模型,包括磨削运动学、磨削力、磨削温度、磨削液等模型的研究现状,对国内外将计算机仿真技术与磨削加工预报模型理论相结合的磨削加工仿真预报系统的研究现状进行了阐述。着重叙述了国内学者在磨削加工仿真预报系统软件开发方面的研究工作,最后展望磨削加工仿真预报系统的研究发展趋势。     

基于PSO和DE优化算法的热轧工作辊热辊形的研究

考虑热轧宽带钢与轧辊的摩擦生热,兼顾模型计算的速度、精度及稳定性,采用二维交替差分建立工作辊温度场模型,并应用三种群的粒子群算法和差分进化算法对工作辊热辊形温度场模型参数进行优化。对热辊形变化规律进行深入的研究,实现了工作辊热辊形的在线预报。对热辊形的研究也为热轧宽带钢在线板形模型的精确设定计算和板形在线反馈控制提供了理论依据。结合现场应用,对其合理性进行了测试分析,通过温度场模型计算的工作辊温度场及表面温度与现场多个轧制单元的实测值进行比较,实测值和预报值吻合较好,也验证了工作辊热辊形模型的准确性、可靠性和实用性。     

传热反问题方法在漏钢预报中的应用

基于漏钢预报中实时监测结晶器铜板受热状态的需要,建立了二维稳态热传导模型,在Vc＋＋6.0平台下编制了传热反问题计算程序（IHCP_2D）,该程序能通过结晶器铜板中有限个热电偶的测量值,快速反算出铜板受热面上的热流密度和温度分布.通过对一组实测数据的分析,验证了程序的可靠性.     

无限冲激响应网络在数控机床热误差建模中的应用

本文阐述了数控机床热误差补偿技术的基本概念，提出了一种基于无限冲激响应(IIR)网络的数控机床热误差预报模型，讨论了该模型的建立及相关技术问题，对智能预报补偿系统进行了研究，并给出了智能预报的结果和精度评价。     

炉卷轧制犡７０管线钢组织性能预报及应用

利用ＭＳＣ．Ｍａｒｃ有限元分析软件对炉卷轧机轧制Ｘ７０管线钢过程中各个阶段的温度场进行了模拟计算,得出各个阶段温度场的分布和变化规律,同时建立了Ｘ７０ 管线钢组织性能预报模型,并通过实验验证了该预报模型的精确性。     

炉卷轧制X70管线钢组织性能预报及应用

利用MSC.Marc有限元分析软件对炉卷轧机轧制X70管线钢过程中各个阶段的温度场进行了模拟计算,得出各个阶段温度场的分布和变化规律,同时建立了X70管线钢组织性能预报模型,并通过实验验证了该预报模型的精确性。     

平整机轧制力模型在锡板连退中的研究与应用

轧制力是影响带钢平整质量的关键因素。通过分析平整机轧制力模型,充分考虑该平整机的设备工艺特点和实际工况,建立锡板连退平整机合适的轧制力模型。基于目标函数最小值,采用粒子群优化算法,通过调整模型参数提高轧制力模型预报精度。实际应用结果表明:该轧制力模型具有较高的预报精度,对实际现场具有较好的指导作用。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。