五轴侧铣加工3D刀具半径补偿研究

为了解决五轴联动侧铣加工3D刀具半径补偿的难题,建立了三维空间刀具半径补偿模型;通过对刀具空间不同位姿的异面法矢的最佳补偿点的求取,避免了空间投影造成的误差,解决了五轴轨迹空间转角的半径补偿问题.论文提出的空间半径补偿算法已集成在五轴联动数控系统中,通过加工实验进行了验证.     

鼓形刀密切法加工复杂曲面刀位轨迹生成

复杂曲面加工的刀具路径规划以往多是针对圆柱刀,圆锥刀等外形相对简单的刀具。与此相比,鼓形刀曲率可以很大,位姿变换较为灵活。为扩展其在凹形曲面等直纹面侧铣加工中的应用,基于密切法加工模型构架,引入鼓形刀侧圆弧半径和纬线半径,推导鼓形刀侧铣加工刀轴矢量、刀心位置的公式表达。根据密切法加工适应判别条件,由刀具几何性质论证了鼓形刀密切法加工条件不仅与曲面曲率有关,还受刀具姿态本身影响。通过算例验证了鼓形刀密切法加工刀位轨迹生成的可行性。     

基于误差分析的复杂曲面可侧铣判定方法研究

基于复杂曲面侧铣加工误差计算,提出了一种曲面能否通过侧铣实现高精度加工的判定方法,该方法适用于任意直纹和非直纹曲面。侧铣加工误差为待加工理论曲面与刀具运动包络曲面之间的距离,在此基础上,应用整体最优刀具路径下的最大几何偏差进行曲面可侧铣判定依据。数值仿真算例表明:该方法不仅能够有效地判定曲面能否侧铣,同时能够输出满足误差要求的最优刀具路径,加工实验也表明该方法能够极大地提高加工效率。     

刀具补偿与数控工艺分析

系统地论述了刀具半径补偿问题,结合下刀、切入、切出、抬刀等数控铣削加工工艺,详细阐述了刀具半径补偿建立、启用和取消的基本方法和注意事项,分析了刀具半径补偿类别和顺铣逆铣工艺与走刀路线关系,并从运动学、刀补理论说明了刀具大小选取原则。     

宏程序在任意形状周边轮廓倒圆角中的应用

推导出了球刀倒圆角时刀心偏离编程轮廓的变化规律,据此规律编制了倒圆角宏程序,实现了普通球刀代替成形刀倒圆角的目的。程序中利用刀具偏置系统变量对刀心偏置量进行了自动更新,并利用刀具半径补偿功能实现了倒圆角加工。给出了刀心偏置计算公式和根据允许切削残留高度求角步距的方法。     

C机能刀具半径补偿算法与应用

文章对计算机数控系统中C机能刀具半径补偿新算法进行了研究,该算法主要根据加工工件的编程轨迹、刀具偏置方向及偏置量来计算刀具中心轨迹.重点分析了涉及两段几何元素的刀具中心轨迹的具体处理流程,分别在建刀补、刀补进行和撤刀补情形下对刀补程序段作矢量修正;为了避免过切还分析了三段几何元素的刀具中心轨迹,并用实例说明刀具中心轨迹转接算法.     

2D恒定进给刀路修正在不规则型腔加工中的应用研究

对于2D端铣加工精加工,针对Stori和Wright提出的2D轮廓加工恒定切削率刀具路径生成方法,提出一种新的刀具路径修正算法,通过生成一条新的偏置刀路来调节切削进给,即修正半精加工的刀具路径,使精加工中刀具在精确的偏置刀路上以一个恒定的速率进行加工,减少刀具的偏斜和切削力的变化。在一个复杂的不规则型腔的加工中应用此算法,结果表明精加工阶段的切削力被维持在一个恒定的水平。该算法改善了曲面的加工质量,缩短了加工时间,在提高加工效率和精度方面具有优势。     

三坐标直线加工的刀具半径补偿原理研究初探

运用向量代数和空间解析几何的方法,初步探索了球形刀三坐标直线加工的三维刀具半径补偿原理,具体对直线与直线的各种过渡转接情况进行了详细分类与说明,同时建立了相应的处理算法.本原理研究对实现空间刀具半径自动补偿具有积极的指导意义.     

模具型腔数控铣削加工中的过切现象

1刀具半径补偿功能在模具型腔数控铣削(包括数控铣削加工中心,下同)加工中,数控加工程序都是按照工件实际轮廓轨迹进行编制(我们称之为编程轨迹),而不考虑实际加工过程中刀具中心的运动轨迹(称之为刀心轨迹)。由于存在刀具半径,使得刀心轨迹与编程轨迹不重合,为了得到正确的工件表面轮廓,刀心轨迹与编程之间必须用刀具半径补偿指令进行设置。数控系统的刀具半径补偿就是将刀心轨迹的计算过程由数控系统执行,编程人员假设刀具的半径为零,直接根据零件的轮廓形状进行编程,而实际的刀具半径则存放在一个刀具半径偏置寄存器中,在加工过程中,数控…     

自由曲面的三坐标NC加工编程

本文按一种新的自由曲面造型方法——四次EB样条,作了基本微分几何计算,介绍了三坐标NC加工刀位点的计算并分析了其加工误差,介绍了刀心偏置误差补偿方法及走刀步长、走刀步距的确定、刀具半径的选择,最后介绍了刀位文件的编辑及NC加工程序的自动生成。     

石材桥式切割机数控系统的刀补研究

为了实现对石材轮廓的精确加工,不同刀具的刀补模块设计是开发数控系统的关键技术。通过对C机能刀补算法的研究,简述了刀补转接的几种类型及其判断算法,结合石材桥式切割机的加工特点,对锯刀、铣刀、磨刀的刀补算法进行了设计。采用PC+运动控制卡的硬件结构,以Visual C++作为开发软件,设计了石材桥式切割机的数控系统软件。运行石材桥式切割机的数控系统,对锯刀、铣刀、磨刀刀补进行仿真,并在工厂中进行加工测试。结果表明:该切割机能稳定运行,其刀补算法实现了自动刀具补偿功能。     

Optimized tool path generation based on dynamic programming for five-axis flank milling of rule surface

This paper presents a computation scheme that generates optimized tool path for five-axis flank milling of ruled surface. Tool path planning is transformed into a matching problem between two point sets in 3D space, sampled from the boundary curves of the machined surface. Each connection in the matching corresponds to a possible tool position. Dynamic programming techniques are applied to obtain the optimal combination of tool positions with the objective function as machining error. The error estimation considers both the deviation induced by the cutter at discrete positions and the one between them. The path planning problem is thus solved in a systematic manner by formulizing it as a mathematical programming task. In addition, the scheme incorporates several optimization parameters that allow generating new patterns of tool motion. Implementation results obtained from simulation and experiment indicate that our method produces better machining quality. This work provides a concise but effective approach for machining error control in five-axis flank milling.     

Tool deflection compensation in peripheral milling of curved geometries

This paper presents compensation of surface error due to cutting force-induced tool deflections in a peripheral milling process. Previous research attempts on this topic deal with error compensation in machining of straight geometries only. This paper is concerned with peripheral milling of variable curvature geometries where the workpiece curvature changes continuously along the path of cut. In the case of curved geometries, both process geometry and the cutting forces have shown to have strong dependence on workpiece curvature and hence variation of surface error along the path of cut. This calls for a different error compensation strategy than the one which is normally used for machining straight geometries. The present work is an attempt to improve accuracy in machining of curved geometries by use of CNC tool path compensation. Mechanistic model for cutting force estimation and cantilever beam model for cutter deflection estimation are used. The results based on machining experiments performed on a variety of geometries show that the dimensional accuracy can be improved significantly in peripheral milling of curved geometries.     

5-Axis adaptive flank milling of flexible thin-walled parts based on the on-machine measurement

Deformation of the part and cutter caused by cutting forces immediately affects the dimensional accuracy of manufactured parts. This paper presents an integrated machining deviation compensation strategy based on on-machine measurement (OMM) inspection system. Previous research attempts on this topic deal with deformation compensation in machining of geometries in 3-axis machine tools only. This paper is the first time that concerned with 5-axis flank milling of flexible thin-walled parts. To capture the machined surface precision dimensions, OMM with a touch-trigger probe installed on machine׳s spindle is utilized. Probe path is planned to obtain the coordinate of the sampling points on machined surface. The machined surface can then be reconstructed. Meanwhile, the cutter׳s envelope surface is calculated based on nominal cutter location source file (CLSF). Subsequently, the machining error caused by part and cutter deflection is calibrated by comparing the deviation between the machined surface and the envelope surface. An iteration toolpath compensation algorithm is designed to decrease machining errors and avoid unwanted interference by modifying the toolpath. Experiment of machining the impeller blade is carried out to validate the methodology developed in this paper. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in machining error compensation.     

基于UG/Open API的齿面侧铣精加工方法研究

将自由曲面的数控加工方法应用于大模数齿面加工中,采用多轴联动侧铣完成最终齿轮表面的精加工。为了使加工中刀具切触点能够与齿面相适应、减小刀具的磨损,利用UG NX的二次开发环境,对齿面加工的走刀轨迹进行控制。仿真结果表明:该方法能够较好地解决齿面加工中切触点固定的问题,有利于延长刀具寿命,提高加工效率。     

车铣加工UG-CAM制造技术研究与应用

应用TCL（Tool Command Language）开发了车铣加工中心BUNMOTECS192FT后处理模块,实现了该机床刀具中心点B轴随动的高级功能,利用UG～CAM数控编程技术,使用平头立铣刀,在车铣加工中心进行C、X、y轴联动,完成了零件曲面加工刀轨设计,解决了T型铣刀加工曲面环槽干涉问题,通过将平头立铣刀轴与曲面法线倾斜一定角度,避开平头立铣刀底齿中心切削,达到零件精度要求。     

An investigation of workpiece temperature variation in end milling considering flank rubbing effect

Better prediction about the magnitude and distribution of workpiece temperatures has a great significance for improving performance of metal cutting process, especially in the aviation industry. A thermal model is presented to describe the cyclic temperature variation in the workpiece for end milling. Owing to rapid tool wear in the machining of aeronautical components, flank rubbing effect is considered. In the proposed heat source method for milling, both the cutting edge and time history of process are discretized into elements to tackle geometrical and kinematical complexities. Based on this concept, a technique to calculate the workpiece temperature in stable state, which supposes the tool makes reverse movement, is developed. And a practicable solution is provided by constructing a periodic temperature rise function series. This investigation indicates theoretically and experimentally the impact of different machining conditions, flank wear widths and cutter locations on the variation of workpiece temperature. The model results have been compared with the experimental data obtained by machining 300M steel under different flank wear widths and cutting conditions. The comparison indicates a good agreement both in trends and values. With the alternative method, an accurate simulation of workpiece temperature variation can be achieved and computational time of the algorithm is obviously shorter than that of finite element method. This work can be further employed to optimize cutting conditions for controlling the machined surface integrity.