空心/实心滚珠丝杠机床伺服进给系统热特性分析

机床正向着高速高精度的方向发展,解决机床伺服进给系统在高速运行下产生的大量摩擦热及热变形,成为推进机床发展的突破口。提出采用通入冷却介质的空心滚珠丝杠来抑制温升从而控制热变形。先对轴承副和螺母副摩擦生热、热边界条件及滚珠丝杠变形进行理论计算,运用ANSYS分别对不同载荷不同转速下实心/空心滚珠丝杠的传热进行分析,再对空心/实心滚珠丝杠机床伺服进给系统变形进行分析,通过完整的仿真得出:通入冷却介质的空心滚珠丝杠伺服进给系统可以有效地抑制温升和热变形,为机床伺服进给系统的设计和研究提供理论依据。     

高速滚珠丝杠副的空心螺母热特性分析

机床在高速运转时,由滚珠丝杠副的摩擦热引起的热变形对伺服进给系统的定位精度有很大的影响。滚珠丝杠副在整个运行过程中,摩擦热传递到螺母的热量最多,使得螺母温度上升并产生热膨胀,从而增大了滚珠丝杠副的预紧力,增大了摩擦热,使得滚珠丝杠副热量无法得到有效的控制,进而无法有效的控制热变形。通过将滚珠丝杠副螺母加工成空心,并通入冷却介质,达到了冷却螺母的目的。利用CFX软件,将理论计算得到的摩擦热加载到螺母滚道内,对不同冷却介质、不同载荷、不同转速下螺母的冷却效果进行分析,并对同一冷却介质不同流速下的流场和温度场进行分析。结果表明:运用专用冷却油的冷却效果最好;载荷及转速对空心螺母温升影响较小;揭示了空心螺母随着速度变化的流场变化规律以及温度场分布情况。     

高速空心滚珠丝杠螺母副热特性的影响因素分析

滚珠丝杠作为机床伺服进给系统的重要元件,其热变形会降低伺服进给系统的定位精度,在机床高速化发展的过程中,滚珠丝杠热变形成为其发展的瓶颈,采用通有冷却介质的空心滚珠丝杠为解决这一问题提供了方法。空心滚珠丝杠定位精度受到以下因素影响:滚珠丝杠轴向载荷、转速、通入空心滚珠丝杠的冷却介质的种类、冷却介质流速以及空心滚珠丝杠内孔的大小,这些因素不仅影响空心滚珠丝杠的冷却效果,而且对空心滚珠丝杠的变形也有很大的影响。研究结果表明:轴向载荷和转速对温度影响较小;专业冷却油更适合用于滚珠丝杠的冷却,合理控制其温升和热变形;热变形和热-结构耦合的分析,给出了最佳内孔直径。为空心滚珠丝杠的设计及研究提供理论依据。     

实心/空心高速滚珠丝杠的热特性研究

针对高速机床滚珠丝杠的摩擦发热导致丝杠产生轴向热伸长的问题,采用丝杠和螺母中空冷却的方法抑制丝杠温升,通过不同进给速度下的实心滚珠丝杠与空心滚珠丝杠的稳态仿真对比,证实这种冷却方法有效;同时对比瞬态仿真得出空心滚珠丝杠达到热平衡的时间远小于实心滚珠丝杠。     

螺母副摩擦热对高速空心/实心滚珠丝杠热特性影响分析

针对滚珠丝杠的热变形问题,提出了一种采用通有冷却油的空心滚珠丝杠。通过理论计算了螺母副摩擦热及热边界条件,运用ANSYS有限元分析软件首先对空心/实心滚珠丝杠温升与载荷、温度与转速的关系进行了分析,然后分析了冷却油的流速对空心滚珠丝杠温升的影响,最后对比分析了空心/实心滚珠丝杠的变形情况。结果表明:通有冷却油的空心滚珠丝杠在高速高载荷的工况下更优于实心滚珠丝杠。     

基于热阻网络法的一种新型双驱动进给系统热动态特性研究

设计了一种新型的微量进给机构,以"螺母旋转式滚珠丝杠副"为主要传动部件,丝杠和螺母分别由两个电机驱动并同向旋转,其运动合成微量进给,研究在不同电机速度组合下该新型微量进给机构的温度场及丝杠热伸长变化情况。基于传热学理论以双驱动进给系统为研究对象,利用热网络法建立该系统的热平衡方程组,获得温度场分布模型,结合机械热变形理论,用所建立的温度场模型预测双驱动滚珠丝杠的轴向热误差。得到双驱动微量进给机构随螺母、丝杠速度变化的温度场及丝杠热伸长模型,并通过实验验证了所建立模型的准确性。     

基于有限元法的高速空心滚珠丝杠系统热特性仿真

以ANSYS热分析模块为工具,对高速空心滚珠丝杠系统的热态特性进行仿真,得到该滚珠丝杠系统的温度场和热位移。在分析结果的基础上,提出了改善高速空心滚珠丝杠系统热态特性的措施,为高速空心滚珠丝杠系统的设计和热变形误差补偿提供参考。     

数控机床伺服进给系统的设计

高性能伺服进给系统的开发是数控机床的关键技术之一，本文详细描述了数控机床伺服进给系统的设计方法。包括传动系统总体设计，滚珠丝杠副的选择，伺服电动机选择，精度验算等。     

数控机床滚珠丝杠副的选择与计算

本文较详细地介绍了数控机床伺服进给系统中滚珠丝杠副的选择与计算。该方法也可作为其它机械用滚珠丝杠副选用和计算的参考。     

机床滚珠丝杠进给系统热误差研究现状与发展趋势

机床的热误差已成为影响机床工作性能的最主要因素之一,滚珠丝杠作为机床进给系统关键部件,其热变形直接影响着机床的加工精度。因此,对滚珠丝杠进行热误差控制与补偿十分重要。过去几十年里,国内外学者对滚珠丝杠进给系统热误差研究可以分成三部分内容:热特性研究,热误差建模和热误差补偿。先通过滚珠丝杠热特性分析获取必要的参数,然后以此为基础进行合理的热误差建模,最后进行热误差检测及其补偿。以此为脉络展开,分别探讨了三部分内容国内外的研究现状以及存在的优缺点,并对未来的研究趋势进行了展望。     

Analysis of a model to forecast thermal deformation of ball screw feed drive systems

In machine tools with semi-closed loop numerical control, the thermal deformation of the ball screw directly produces the position error of the feed drive system. In this work the method of multiple regression is used to analyze the thermal deformation of a ball screw feed drive system. Key points of thermal source (front bearing, nut and back bearing) were selected as independent variables of the analysis model. The test results show that this method can well predict the thermal deformation of the ball screw during variation of the speed of rotation.     

Thermal behavior of a machine tool equipped with linear motors

Development of a feed drive system with high speed and accuracy has been a major issue in the machine tool industry. Linear motors can be used as efficient tool to achieve the high speed and accuracy. However, a high speed feed drive system with linear motors, in turn, can generate heat problems. Also, frictional heat is produced at the ball or roller bearing of LM block when driven at high speed. It can affect the thermal deformation of the linear scale as well as that of the machine tool structure.In this paper, important heat sources and resulting thermal errors in a machine tool equipped with linear motors were investigated when it was operated at high speed. The thermal deformation characteristics were identified through measuring the thermal error caused from thermal deformation of the linear scale and the machine tool structure. The dominant thermal error components were identified from the thermal error analysis using finite element method. It was shown that the proposed analysis scheme is efficient in identifying the dominant thermal error components and its magnitudes such as the thermal expansion and movement of the linear scale, thermal deformation of the machine tool slide.     

Investigation into effect of thermal expansion on thermally induced error of ball screw feed drive system of precision machine tools

In order to investigate the effect of thermal expansion on the ball screw feed drive system of a precision boring machine tool, theoretical modeling of and experimental study on thermally induced error along with heat generation characteristics are focused in this paper. A series of thermal experiments are conducted on the machine tool to measure and collect the thermodynamic data with the feed drive system operating at different speeds. Based on the heat generation and transfer analysis of ball screw system, thermal expansion of screw shaft in the axial direction is modeled mathematically. Relationships between the thermal error and axial elongation are established to characterize the thermal error distribution considering the thermal expansion coefficient as a temperature-variant parameter. It turns out that the thermal error varies with different working positions through the ball screw length and working time nonlinearly, and there definitely exists certain transform from the thermal expansion to the thermal error obtained by measurement. In addition, regression analysis is employed to carry out the theoretical modeling of thermal error with the temperature data of the critical heat generation points. The relations between temperature rise and thermal error are formulated directly while taking the thermal expansion as an implicit variable. Experiments under a different condition are preformed and the proposed methods for thermal error modeling prove to be effective and accurate enough to be used in the machining process as well.     

Thermal error analysis for a CNC lathe feed drive system

The development of high-speed feed drive systems has been a major issue in the machine tool industry for the past few decades. The resulting reduction in the time needed for tool changes and the rapid travel time can enhance productivity. However, a high-speed feed drive system naturally generates more heat and resultant thermal expansion, which adversely affects the accuracy of machined parts. This paper divides the feed drive system into two parts: the ball screw and the guide way. The thermal behavior model for each part is developed separately, in order to estimate the position errors of the feed drive system caused by thermal expansion. The modified lumped capacitance method (MLCM) and genius education algorithm (GEA) are used to analyse the linear positioning error of the ball screw. Thermal deformation of the guide way affects straightness and introduces angular errors, as well as affecting linear positioning. The finite element method is used to estimate the thermal behavior of the guide way. The effectiveness of the proposed models is verified through experiments using a laser interferometer.     

基于机床进给伺服系统中频振动抑制研究

伺服系统以其高性能、高精度等优势被广泛应用于数控机床和机器人上。机床进给伺服系统中由于滚珠丝杠等传动装置刚度有限,柔性连接方式易引发振动而影响其稳定性与精度。针对旋转进给伺服系统中存在的中频振动,提出一种基于二阶状态观测器的速度扰动观测补偿中频振动抑制方法,由速度观测器观测出的速度与实际速度反馈相减,通过带通滤波提取振动信号,作为补偿给到速度反馈上,抵消系统振动,提高系统带宽并保持稳定性和精度。最后在不同的速度环增益下,通过仿真和实验验证了所提方法的有效性。     

Thermal error forecast and performance evaluation for an air-cooling ball screw system

In machine tools such as numerical control machines, thermal error in the ball screw induces a direct position error. A high-speed ball screw system naturally generates more heat and results in greater thermal expansion, adversely affecting the accuracy of positioning. In this paper, we discussed the placement of an air cooling system in a ball screw shaft to overcome thermal errors and achieve temperature equilibrium faster. In order to estimate the thermal error of the ball screw system and effectiveness of the air cooling system, thermal behavior models using the finite element method (FEM) and a modified lumped capacitance method (MLCM) were developed separately. This included heat generation from the main heat source of the ball screw system and other boundary conditions. The completed models were used to simulate temperature distribution, thermal deformation and air cooling performance. Comparing the experiments shows that these methods can well predict thermal behavior of the ball screw system and air cooling performance. And the positioning accuracy will significantly improve with the use of the air cooling system in the ball screw drive system.     

Thermal analysis for the feed drive system of a CNC machine center

A high-speed drive system generates more heat through friction at contact areas, such as the ballscrew and the nut, thereby causing thermal expansion which adversely affects machining accuracy. Therefore, the thermal deformation of a ballscrew is one of the most important objects to consider for high-accuracy and high-speed machine tools. The objective of this work was to analyze the temperature increase and the thermal deformation of a ballscrew feed drive system. The temperature increase was measured using thermocouples, while a laser interferometer and a capacitance probe were applied to measure the thermal error of the ballscrew. Finite element method was used to analyze the thermal behavior of a ballscrew. The measured data were compared with numerical simulation results. Inverse analysis was applied to estimate the strength of the heat source from the measured temperature profile. The generated heat sources for different feed rates were investigated.