基于PEN3实验数据的嗅觉信息处理算法及应用（英文）

不同品质的油桃所散发的气味不同。使用电子鼻采集不同品质的油桃的气味特征参数,在电子鼻软件和MATLAB条件下分别利用偏最小二乘算法判断油桃的品质。结果表明:偏最小二乘法可以较好地鉴别油桃的品质。     

基于偏最小二乘回归的焊缝形状预测模型

提出了基于偏最小二乘回归模型的焊缝形状预测方法。以药芯焊丝CO2气体保护焊作为研究对象,建立了包括焊缝熔深、熔宽及余高等几何尺寸在内的焊缝形状偏最小二乘回归预测模型和多元线性回归预测模型。结果表明,偏最小二乘回归模型有效解决了预测模型中焊接电流与电弧电压等自变量间存在的多重共线性问题,比传统的多元线性回归模型具有更高的预测精度,相对误差在5%左右。     

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 将偏最小二乘法与BP人工神经网络结合,建立了一种新的预测模型：PLS-BP神经网络模型。模型应用偏最小二乘法来提取主成分R及得分T,根据交叉有效性检验和留N法来确定PLS的成分个数, PLS-BP网络的输入数目和网络隐含层的节点数目,最终确定网络的结构为6-11-1。应用该模型可以有效地避免几个因素之间的多重相关性问题,同时也能更好地解决非线性问题,克服了偏最小二乘和单纯BP网络的缺点。在钢筋屈服强度的预测中表明,应用PLS-BP模型预测的误差均小于1.03%,比应用于偏最小二乘回归模型的误差6.19%要小得多,并且预测值和实际值比较吻合。     

密闭鼓风炉透气性动态预估模型及其应用

密闭鼓风炉炼铅锌过程是一个极其复杂的多元多相高温物理、化学反应过程，炉中存在很多难以定量的因素，从机理上建立各运行参数与透气性状态的动态模型异常困难。本文选用对分析样本规模没有严格要求的偏最小二乘回归分析法，挖掘出生产数据中所蕴含的透气性与其影响因素间的复杂动态关系，建立基于滑窗偏最小二乘的透气性动态预估模型，用于密闭鼓风炉优化控制。     

基于GA-LSSVR的铣削加工变形预测

为了解决传统预测方法铣削加工变形预测精度低等问题,文章提出基于遗传算法优化最小二乘支持向量回归法( GA-LSSVR)的铣削加工变形预测方法,首先,提出了基于遗传算法优化最小二乘支持向量回归法的铣削加工变形预测原理,其中通过遗传算法优化最小二乘支持向量回归模型参数,以获取高性能的最小二乘支持向量回归模型.实验结果表明,基于遗传算法优化最小二乘支持向量回归法的铣削加工变形预测精度高于支持向量机.     

基于偏最小二乘回归方法的CO2焊飞溅模型

在分析短路过渡飞溅形成机理的基础上，以过渡周期为基本单元，采用统计分析方法从焊接过程电信号中提取特征参数，基于变异系数的分析方法反映了过程的均匀程度。由于特征参数间存在较强的相关性，采用偏最小二乘回归方法建立飞溅模型。实现飞溅量对特征参数的回归。试验结果表明，基于偏最小二乘方法的回归模型有较高的实用性和一定的精度，为研究CO2气体保护焊飞溅问题提供了新的途径。     

利用偏最小二乘回归法对主轴热误差数值建模的研究

采用五点法测量了加工中心主轴系统的温度场和热误差数据,利用偏最小二乘回归法建立了两者的多元线性回归模型.经研究分析,该模型具有较强的预测能力和较为理想的精度,可以满足热误差实时补偿的需要.     

基于核偏最小二乘法的板形过程监测

随着时代的发展和科技的进步,各行各业对于板材的质量和产量有了更高的要求。在实际应用中,大多数系统的内部机理十分复杂,传统的机理模型已无法满足对系统内部参数进行分析、表达。本文基于偏最小二乘法（PLS）提出一种核偏最小二乘法（KPLS）的板形过程监测方法,结果表明KPLS模型平均故障检测率为96.42%,误报率为10.14%,说明该方法用于板形的过程监测具有可行性。     

基于最小二乘支持向量机建模的电液伺服系统故障检测方法

基于最小二乘支持向量机建模的方法,研究了电液伺服系统的故障检测问题.介绍了基于最小二乘支持向量机进行建模的基本原理,分析了电液伺服系统所存在的非线性和故障模式,给出了基于最小二乘支持向量机建模进行故障检测的方法,试验结果表明,由支持向量机模型预测输出与实际输出相比较所形成的残差,能够准确地反映故障发生与否的情况;同时,与神经网络方法和普通的支持向量机方法相比,最小二乘支持向量机方法更适合工程应用,效果更好.     

加工中心主轴热误差的建模分析

采用五点法测量了加工中心主轴的温度场和热误差数据,研究了温度变化与主轴热误差之间的关系,并用不同的回归方法建立了两者的多元线性回归模型。经研究分析,利用偏最小二乘回归法进行建模具有较强的预测能力和较为理想的精度,可以满足加工中心热误差实时补偿的应用要求。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.