考虑多交互效应的耦合映射跟驰模型（英文）

基于Konishi等的耦合映射跟驰模型,考虑多车交互效应对交通流波动的传播特性影响,提出了一个涉及多前车及紧邻后车车间距优化速度函数的耦合映射跟驰模型。首先分析了模型的稳定性能,并获得交通系统保持稳定的条件。与前人的研究成果比较,改进模型可以增强交通系统中车流运行的稳定性。结果表明:在新模型中考虑多车交互效应会使得车流表现出较好的驾驶行为。     

考虑驾驶员性格的跟驰模型

基于OV模型,考虑驾驶员性格对交通流影响,提出了一个新的跟驰模型.首先分析了模型的稳定性能,并获得交通系统保持稳定的条件,并用mKDV方程描述交通波的传播过程.结果表明:考虑驾驶员的性格对交通流的稳定性具有重要的作用.     

考虑驾驶员性格的跟驰模型（英文）

基于OV模型,考虑驾驶员性格对交通流影响,提出了一个新的跟驰模型。首先分析了模型的稳定性能,并获得交通系统保持稳定的条件,并用m KDV方程描述交通波的传播过程。结果表明:考虑驾驶员的性格对交通流的稳定性具有重要的作用。     

考虑车辆机械惯性效应的跟驰模型及其稳定性分析

为了更加真实地描述在实际交通中的跟驰行为,基于全速度差模型,提出一个考虑车辆机械惯性的跟驰模型。应用线性控制理论给出模型的稳定性条件。与前人提出的模型仿真结果对比,理论结果与数值仿真一致,表明本文提出的模型能够克服前人模型中静止车队启动过程中头车加速度出现瞬间跳跃现象,同时随着车辆机械惯性系数的增加,交通拥堵更加容易发生。     

考虑车辆机械惯性效应的跟驰模型及其稳定性分析（英文）

为了更加真实地描述在实际交通中的跟驰行为,基于全速度差模型,提出一个考虑车辆机械惯性的跟驰模型。应用线性控制理论给出模型的稳定性条件。与前人提出的模型仿真结果对比,理论结果与数值仿真一致,表明本文提出的模型能够克服前人模型中静止车队启动过程中头车加速度出现瞬间跳跃现象,同时随着车辆机械惯性系数的增加,交通拥堵更加容易发生。     

考虑延迟驾驶行为的跟驰模型

考虑延迟驾驶行为对交通流的影响,基于优化速度模型,提出了更能描述实际交通现象的跟驰模型.首先分析模型的稳定性能,并获得交通系统保持稳定的条件.通过对模型进行非线性分析,得到描述车头间距波演化的mKdV方程.数值仿真显示,延迟驾驶行为对交通拥堵具有重要的影响,即随着延迟驾驶行为的系数越大,交通拥堵就会变的越来越严重.     

考虑延迟驾驶行为的跟驰模型（英文）

考虑延迟驾驶行为对交通流的影响,基于优化速度模型,提出了更能描述实际交通现象的跟驰模型。首先分析模型的稳定性能,并获得交通系统保持稳定的条件。通过对模型进行非线性分析,得到描述车头间距波演化的m Kd V方程。数值仿真显示,延迟驾驶行为对交通拥堵具有重要的影响,即随着延迟驾驶行为的系数越大,交通拥堵就会变的越来越严重。     

多电机耦合驱动式仿人机械臂设计与传动特性分析

针对传统仿人机械臂载荷与自重比低的问题，提出一种多电机耦合驱动式仿人机械臂。根据人臂的运动特性，确定串联结构下的仿人机械臂构型，并将机械臂划分为肩关节模块、肘关节模块和腕关节模块。分析单电机驱动单关节的绳索传动特性，推导该模型下电机与关节的扭矩映射关系和转角映射关系。研究各模块中多电机耦合驱动多关节的电机布局和绳索绕线方式，解释各模块中多电机耦合后的工作原理，推导各模块中电机与关节的扭矩映射关系和转角映射关系。并通过实验验证各模块中映射关系的正确性，以及各模块关节的承载能力。结果表明：多电机耦合驱动方式在保证质量的前提下，可以有效提高各关节的承载力，为仿人机械臂的设计提供理论依据。     

固态相变对10Ni5CrMoV钢焊接残余应力的影响

10Ni5CrMoV钢属于低合金高强钢,固态相变效应在其焊接热-力耦合分析中不可忽略.固态相变效应表现为体积变化和屈服强度"滞后"现象,通过热膨胀试验测试相变参数,建立固态相变的数学模型,开展了考虑固态相变效应的10Ni5CrMoV钢焊接热-力耦合分析.结果表明,考虑固态相变效应后,焊缝及焊缝附近（相变区域）纵向拉应力大幅度降低,相变区域相邻位置拉应力仍然较高;横向应力的分布状态变化明显,应力峰值变化较小,约为室温屈服强度的25%.应力测试结果与数值模拟结果较吻合,验证了固态相变模型的准确性.     

光折变铋硅族氧化物的动态全息光栅增益特性及优化

在考虑铋硅族氧化物晶体中电光效应、旋光效应、压电及弹光效应的基础上,研究了晶体(111)切割面上光波耦合过程中的能量交换及优化问题.通过计算(111)切割面的耦合张量元确定该面的稳态矢量耦合波方程组的形式,求得分析解并计算信号光增益.将分析结果应用于Bi12SiO20和Bi12TiO20中,获得优化的光折变参数.同时,讨论了旋光效应、压电及弹光效应在不同晶体中对光波耦合过程的影响.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。