基于安川工业机器人的作业位置修正模块设计

针对由于实际尺寸存在差异,工业机器人作业轨迹需要现场调试的情况,对工业机器人夹取工件作业的一般流程进行了分析,提出基于安川工业机器人平行移动功能的作业位置修正方案。结合打磨工作站应用示例,具体设计了采用触摸屏操作、PLC控制、机器人执行的修正模块,包含主功能、运动设置、位置选择、XYZ坐标方向移动及限制功能。实现通过对关键作业位置的修正操作,完成安川机器人作业轨迹的平移再现,达到减少现场调试工作量,降低调试难度的目的。     

基于安川机器人的工件位姿模拟系统设计

为便于在实验室中进行工件位姿检测模拟,设计基于安川机器人的工件位姿模拟系统,包含模拟执行、测量标定、自动运行。基于安川工业机器人的六轴机体与平行移动功能,实现末端搭载被测工件的姿态模拟。采用API激光跟踪仪设计标定流程,获得准确的工具参数,保障模拟精度。利用PLC与触摸屏设计系统控制部分与人机交互部分,实现系统根据设置参数进行自动模拟。结果表明：该系统能在实验室条件下实现工件位姿模拟的自动化作业。     

基于工业机器人的线束包覆系统设计

汽车线束包覆定型的工序严重依赖于工人的手工操作,自动化程度低、生产成本高。根据汽车线束的生产工艺及自动化生产的要求,设计了基于工业机器人的线束包覆系统。建立了以PLC为核心的控制模块,使用库卡机器人语言编写了机器人程序;采用触摸屏对系统进行监控,实现了人机交互的功能。应用该包覆系统,提高了包覆效率和生产的自动化程度,保障了产品质量与工艺。     

移动焊接机器人控制系统设计

为实现焊接机器人的小型化,设计了一个结构紧凑的机器人控制箱。简单介绍了移动焊接机器人系统的组成结构,详细论述了机器人控制系统的模块化设计方案和各模块硬件的选型设计,完成控制箱体的设计制作。控制箱设计安装完成后,将其余各子系统安装组成移动焊接机器人,进行焊接实验,验证控制箱功能。通过大量实验证明,该控制箱功能实用而稳定,结构紧凑,能满足焊接机器人对于控制系统的要求,为实现移动焊接机器人的小型化奠定了基础。     

基于任务优先级选择方法的双机器人协调联控研究

设计针对色谱仪的新型油气分离装置,从理论和实际两方面对装置核心部件进行介绍。验证该装置的气密性,并通过对管路内径、推气速度和接头长度进行正交试验,对油气分离关键因素间关系给出定量描述,优化油气分离结构。试验结果表明：该装置的气密性、油气分离方式具有较高的精度和效果,满足色谱仪自动进样的全自动操作。同时,该装置可与机器人配合作业,对绝缘油色谱分析的自动化实现有良好的推广作用。     

基于OtoStudio平台和PLC的机器人码垛装车控制系统设计

为完成箱式物品的装车任务,采用自主研发的关节式机器人与移动导轨配合的方式,设计了一种基于OtoStudio开放式控制平台和PLC的机器人码垛装车控制系统。该系统采用层次化架构和模块化设计方法,实现车辆位姿测量、装车规划及机器人本体的运动控制。在移动导轨上设置有多个机器人装车工位,对应不同装车区域,PLC控制导轨及物料输送线与机器人配合实现分段装车,PLC与Otostudio之间通过Modbus总线进行通信。这种控制方式扩展了机器人的运动能力,使得系统工作区间覆盖整个装车区域,固定工位分段装车有效避免了机器人频繁移动搬运,提高了装车效率。     

绝缘油油气分离装置研制

设计针对色谱仪的新型油气分离装置,从理论和实际两方面对装置核心部件进行介绍。验证该装置的气密性,并通过对管路内径、推气速度和接头长度进行正交试验,对油气分离关键因素间关系给出定量描述,优化油气分离结构。试验结果表明:该装置的气密性、油气分离方式具有较高的精度和效果,满足色谱仪自动进样的全自动操作。同时,该装置可与机器人配合作业,对绝缘油色谱分析的自动化实现有良好的推广作用。     

国外汽车工业焊接技术与设备的现状及当代的发展趋势

通过对国外８０年代汽车工业的车身焊装线、汽车零部件、新材料、新工艺等多方面情况分析，得知国外汽车工业广泛应用了各类机器人，且机器人已发展到六个自由度以上，尤其点焊机器人，采用了点焊钳转换装置；同时又发展了逆变控制技术；多点焊机也采用了柔性体制。表明了，国外汽车工业焊接技术与设备已实现了高度自动化、柔性化。预计９０年代它将会朝着更高的自动化、柔性化方向发展。     

基于三维机器视觉的工业机器人定位系统设计

为解决工业机器人在复杂自动化生产线上目标精确定位问题,文章搭建了由史陶比尔工业机器人、Kinect视觉传感器和上位机组成硬件平台,设计了基于三维视觉的工业机器人抓取定位系统。通过棋盘标定法对工业机器人抓取系统进行标定,采用深度边缘分割方法采集图像并提取工作面,根据累计概率Hough变换法提取工作面上不同形状目标的中心点,编写上位机处理程序实现图像分割、目标中心点定位及机器人运动控制等功能。实验结果表明该系统能够对规则形状目标实现定位功能,定位精度满足工业机器人的工作需求。     

基于PLC控制的注塑件去边打磨机器人工作站的设计

针对圆柱形管状注塑件在生产过程中所产生的飞边的去除和打磨问题,设计一种基于PLC控制的注塑件去边打磨机器人工作站。介绍机器人工作站总体结构的设计,在设计夹紧装置时应用TRIZ理论中的冲突矩阵解决设计过程中出现的技术冲突;对机器人工作站的PLC控制系统的硬件与软件进行了设计。该机器人工作站结构简单、控制方便,最终实现了注塑件的去边和打磨,满足工业需求。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。