消防水炮喷嘴流场数值模拟研究

消防水炮是消灭大型火灾的关键工具,正在向大流量、远射程和高射高等方向发展。喷嘴作为消防水炮的核心部件之一,其设计直接决定射流性能的优劣。采用Fluent对3种不同内轮廓线结构的消防水炮喷嘴进行流场数值模拟,分析结构形式对射流压力、速度和湍动能的影响,从而确定消防水炮喷嘴的最佳内轮廓线结构。通过实验结果可知,在流量为40、50、60和80 L/s的情况下,采用正弦形式的喷嘴内轮廓曲线的射程高于国标规定射程15%以上。以上研究可为提高消防水炮射流性能提供参考。     

带锥齿蜗轮蜗杆传动式消防水炮结构设计及流场仿真

通过理论计算设计一种带锥齿蜗轮蜗杆传动式消防水炮,详细介绍了所设计消防水炮的工作特点,重点阐述了消防水炮整体结构及关键部件的设计,并对消防水炮内流道流场特性进行了仿真分析。仿真结果与预期效果基本吻合体现出了设计的合理性,相关分析结果可为消防水炮结构设计和性能优化提供一定的参考。     

带锥齿蜗轮蜗杆传动式消防水炮结构设计及流场仿真（英文）

通过理论计算设计一种带锥齿蜗轮蜗杆传动式消防水炮,详细介绍了所设计消防水炮的工作特点,重点阐述了消防水炮整体结构及关键部件的设计,并对消防水炮内流道流场特性进行了仿真分析。仿真结果与预期效果基本吻合体现出了设计的合理性,相关分析结果可为消防水炮结构设计和性能优化提供一定的参考。     

水力自摆移动式消防水炮结构设计及数值模拟研究

设计一种水力自摆移动式消防水炮,采用阀控缸系统作为水力自摆控制系统,利用自身水压力驱动水液压缸带动水炮炮头摆动,并采用机械反馈装置使其自动换向.采用Fluent流场仿真软件对水炮流道结构进行仿真,具体分析了不同进水口压力和不同炮身直径对出口速度的影响规律,结果表明:所设计的消防水炮水力学性能较好,结构比较合理.初步实验验证了该水炮能满足灭火覆盖范围和射程的要求.其相关结论也可为其他规格类型的消防水炮设计提供参考.     

采用阀控缸进行自动换向控制的移动式消防水炮动态特性研究(英文)

消防水炮是消防作战中主要灭火装备之一.设计了一种移动式消防水炮,采用阀控缸水力自动换向控制装置,利用自身水压力驱动水液压缸带动水炮炮头摆动,并采用机械反馈装置使炮头自动换向.采用Fluent流场仿真软件对水炮流道结构进行仿真分析.结果表明,所设计消防水炮水力学性能较好,结构设计比较合理.利用AMESim液压机械仿真软件对该水力自摆控制系统进行建模仿真分析.仿真结果表明,该水力自摆系统能够在水压力驱动下以一定的频率进行自动换向,并且在水压力升高的情况下,其摆动频率也会上升.实验验证该水炮能满足灭火覆盖范围和射程的要求,炮头自动换向频率也能满足设计要求.所设计的带阀控缸自摆装置的移动式消防水炮特别适用于无人操作、消防人员难以进入的消防场合.     

水力自摆式消防水炮的设计及流场仿真

在理论计算的基础上设计一种水力自摆式消防水炮,详细阐述水力自摆机构的工作原理及组成.利用Fluent流场仿真软件对该消防水炮内部流场特性进行了仿真,仿真结果表明所设计的消防水炮能满足其射程和流量的要求,同时也为其他规格和类型的消防水炮设计提供参考.     

射流管伺服阀射流管放大器的流场解析

运用FLUENT软件对射流管伺服阀的射流管放大器进行了三维流场解析,获得了射流管放大器在不同偏转角时的恢复压力和恢复流量,用二次函数拟合获得了恢复压力及恢复流量数学模型,并分析了射流管放大器内流道结构对其静态性能的影响.本研究对于射流管伺服阀的数字化模型构建、设计及性能预测具有一定的参考价值.     

中厚板轧后冷却圆形喷嘴射流冲击行为分析

在中厚板轧后冷却过程中,喷嘴的射流冲击形式和钢板表面积水层深度对冷却能力有着重要影响。本文利用ANSYS Fluent软件进行模拟仿真,研究了相同口径的圆形喷嘴,在不同倾斜角度、入口速度的条件下,射入不同积水层深度的水流场,分析了水流场中的流速及对钢板表面的冲击压强的变化趋势,得出初始流速、钢板表面积水层深度对射流钢板冷却冲击的影响关系。结果表明：喷嘴倾角越大,初始速度越大,钢板表面的积水层越薄,射流冲击钢板表面的压强值越大,冷却能力越强。     

星型稳流器及其改进结构的水力学性能

稳流器是改善流道内部流场紊流状态的关键部件,研究其水力学性能对提高流动系统稳定性具有重要意义。以某消防水炮的星型稳流器为研究对象,建立三维流体域几何模型和有限元模型,确定两种稳流器水力学性能评价指标为压力损失和稳流性能。分别星型稳流器的均布叶片数量、圆角尺寸和轴向长度对其水力学性能的影响规律,对比不同叶片数量的星型稳流器改进结构的水力学性能。通过稳流器的水力学性能实验,验证了均布叶片数量为6的改进型星型稳流器具有较优的综合性能,为稳流器类元件的水力学性能研究提供参考。     

多喷嘴射流泵流场的数值模拟与PIV测量

为研究多喷嘴射流泵性能和内部流场特征,设计了不同结构的多喷嘴射流泵试验模型.采用k-ε湍流模型和壁面函数法对不同参数下的多喷嘴射流泵进行了数值模拟,模拟结果表明,喷嘴数和喷嘴角度及喉嘴距对射流泵工作性能影响较大;在吸入室及喉管入口处湍动能较大.利用PIV系统对不同结构射流泵内部流场进行了三维测量,获得了射流泵对称面流场的速度矢量和湍动能等值线图.试验结果表明,其速度梯度衰减得愈快,工作流体和被吸流体混合距离越短.验证了多喷嘴射流泵可缩短喉管长度.测量结果证明数值模拟的正确性,为多喷嘴射流泵理论研究和合理设计提供了理论依据.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。