海洋采油平台用高强度WFG—E40钢通过国家级技术鉴定

继1986年采油平台用抗层状撕裂钢通过国家级技术鉴定之后,最近另一国家重点攻关项目,采油平台用高强度WFG—E40钢在北京通过了国家级技术鉴定。海洋开发是当代科学主攻方向之一。本课题是为加速我国近海石油资源利用,使海上采油平台用钢立足国内而进行研制的。     

新型电液比例控制液压抽油机的设计

为了适应抽油机采油过程中长冲程低冲次的需要,提出了一种新的液压抽油机设计方案.该机采用了新型复合缸,将液压配重和比例控制技术相结合,具有结构紧凑、体积小、适应范围广等特点,满足长冲程低冲次大负载的工作要求,并且实现了抽油机冲程冲次无级可调.     

柱塞式液压抽油机简介

柱塞式液压抽油机简介天津理工学院（３００１９１）崔秀林刘晓军随着我国液压技术和电子技术的新发展，把液压技术用于油田抽油，现在已变得很有把握了，为了多采油，八十年代以来各国都在开发液压抽油机。直到目前，开发出一种可靠的长冲程（６ｍ以上），大载荷（１６０...     

焊接发展史(三)——水下焊接技术发展史

水下焊接技术是开发海洋、开采海底石油以及组装、维修诸如采油平台、输油管线和海底仓等大型海洋结构的关键技术之一,也是舰船应急修理、海上救助、桥梁架设等工作的必要技术手段.     

绝缘法兰(接头)在海洋石油工程阴极保护中的使用及优化设计

本文通过对NACESP0176-2008、NORSOKM503-2007、DNVRPF103-2003以及ISO15589-2-2004和DNVRPB401-2005等国际标准中对绝缘接头(法兰)的技术要求以及中国海洋石油采油平台的现场调研和实际应用,结合海洋石油导管架阴极保护设计和海底管线阴极保护设计对海底管线的绝缘法兰(接头)进行优化,并根据海上采油平台实际电化学测量数据讨论优化设计后对海底管线和导管架阴极保护的影响。     

关于单面焊双面成形焊接

在压力容器、压力管道和海上采油平台焊接中,由于种种条件的限制,经常会遇到被焊工件无法进行双面焊接的情况,此时就需运用单面焊双面成形技术(以下称双面成形)。双面成形焊接通常采用手工电弧焊和钨极氩弧焊两种方法。     

渤海采油平台常用腐蚀监/检测技术

有效的腐蚀监/检测技术对于确保海上平台设备和管道安全正常运行,保障海上油气田的正常生产显得尤为重要。本文根据海上采油平台腐蚀现状,总结归纳了平台经常使用的腐蚀监检测方法,简单介绍了一些腐蚀监检测未来的发展趋势,旨在提高海上采油平台腐蚀监检测水平,为海上油气田安全生产提供强有力的技术支撑。     

海洋采油平台对防腐涂料提出挑战

海洋采油平台是固定和半固定在海洋中的大型钢结构,长期受到海洋环境的严重腐蚀,其腐蚀环境属于ISO12944标准中腐蚀环境最严重的C5-M和lm2等级。由于平台远离大陆,维修困难,要求防腐涂料对平台的保护寿命至少在15年以上,因此要采用重防腐涂料和耐久性高的长效防腐涂层配套体系。通常,平台的海平面以下部分主要采用牺牲阳极或外加电流电化学保护,其余则采用高性能防腐蚀涂料涂层进行保护。     

海洋平台的腐蚀现状和防护措施

在海洋石油工程大力发展的今天,海洋平台作为海上油气生产的基础设施,处在越来越重要的位置。海洋平台处在恶劣的海洋环境中,受到海水、大气、海洋生物、日光等作用,平台导管架等结构会发生不同情况的腐蚀,威胁到设施的安全性。在分析腐蚀机理的基础上,针对性的提出相应的防护措施和技术进展。     

液压抽油机的研究进展

液压抽油机在石油开采中能最大限度地发挥油井产能,充分节约能源,得到了国内外油田工程技术人员的高度重视。随着液压技术的提高,使液压抽油机得到迅速地发展,并在油田生产中得到了一定的应用。针对近五年国内外液压抽油机的结构、控制、配重等方面系统综述了液压抽油机的研究进展,讨论了目前存在的问题和需要进一步研究的方向。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.