五轴联动数控磨床直线进给机构静力学分析

针对普通工具磨床和传统生产工艺方法很难加工出特型刀具的品种和刃形的问题,研发了一种五轴联动数控工具磨床,其中五轴联动数控工具磨床直线进给机构的受力和位移情况将直接影响磨床的工作性能。利用Solid Works中的simulation模块对五轴联动数控磨床的直线进给机构进行静力学分析,研究直线进给机构各处的位移和应力情况。结果表明:X轴工作台的最大应力为2 MPa,出现在X轴工作台的滑块和立柱的下部,X轴工作台的最大位移为0.000 015 88 mm,出现在立柱的中部;Y轴工作台的最大应力为2 MPa,出现在Y轴工作台中部,Y轴工作台的最大位移为0.000 003 584mm,出现在Y轴工作台的中部;Z轴工作台应力的最大值为10.3 MPa,位于Z轴工作台右侧,Z轴工作台位移最大值为0.000 030 88 mm,出现在Z轴工作台中部。     

五轴联动数控工具磨床的开发

随着现代制造技术的发展,对特型刀具的品种和刃形的要求越来越高。而用普通工具磨床和传统生产工艺方法很难加工这些刃形复杂的刀具。针对这一现状自主开发一种五轴联动数控工具磨床,该五轴联动数控工具磨床能实现对球头立铣刀等多种硬度高、刃形复杂刀具的磨削加工,且一次装夹能完成所有的精加工。     

五轴联动数控工具磨床加工精度影响因素仿真分析

自主研发的五轴联动数控工具磨床能够实现对球头立铣刀等多种硬度高、刃形复杂刀具的磨削加工,且一次装夹完成所有的精加工。利用多体动力学理论分别建立磨床的多刚体动力学模型和刚柔耦合动力学模型。利用所建立的动力学模型,分析在其它因素相同,X、Y、Z三轴在不同进给加速度、动静质量比、主轴结合部不同相对刚度下的加工误差。得到了3种影响因素对磨床加工精度的影响,研究结果对磨床的设计与结构优化具有一定的参考意义。     

普通外圆磨床数控化改造

提出利用普通磨床液压系统、普通电磁节流阀和光电编码传感机构，通过自学习和微调控制策略，对普通外圆磨床进行数控改造，并设计了实施控制的硬件和软件，可以实现磨床工作台和砂轮进给位移的自动控制，实现磨削循环的自动化和曲面轴零件的磨削加工。对实现普通磨床的低成本数控改造，具有一定的实用意义。     

五轴联动数控陶瓷雕刻机的后置处理算法研究

基于五轴数控机床的运动形式的分析,根据五轴联动数控陶瓷雕刻机的加工特点,采用旋转坐标由工作台回转和刀具摆动实现的联动方式.针对该机床的运动形式,设计了后置处理算法,进行坐标变换并举例验证.所研究的内容在实际应用中取得了较好的成果.     

(A-C)式双摆台五轴机床刀具进给速度的研究

文章主要针对五轴加工中因刀具的进给速度选择不当会影响加工表面质量等问题,提出了一种旋转修正法解决此问题.在参考BV100五轴联动机床的后置处理算法的基础上.在JAVA语言环境下,结合旋转修正法,开发了BV100五轴联动机床的专用后置处理软件.通过对某叶轮的叶片进行加工比较验证了旋转修正法在多轴数控加工中具有良好的实用性.     

螺旋齿刀具的数控刃磨系统的研究及开发

在对螺旋齿刀具的数控刃磨方法进行研究的基础上，提出了获取螺旋线形切削刃几何参数的方法，对刃磨螺旋齿刀具的经济型数控工具磨床控制系统的软硬件的设计及开发实施技术进行了介绍。     

五轴联动刀具空间半径补偿研究

五轴联动数控机床主要应用于自由曲面的加工，得到广泛的应用。但五轴联动所涉及的刀具补偿就目前所见资料而言，未能得到很好解决。本文重点分析了刀轴有两个旋转自由度(如B，C)的五轴联动的刀具补偿问题。结果表明经研制的刀具补偿模块在南京四开电子企业的五轴联动数控机床上得到较好应用。     

五轴联动圆弧非线性插补算法及其软件实现

以具有A、C旋转轴的刀具双摆动五轴机床为例,提出五轴联动数控机床的空间圆弧非线性时间分割插补算法.详细研究五轴联动中的平动和旋转运动的联动原理,利用齐次变换矩阵求取圆弧插补点的空间坐标.通过插补点的空间坐标,逆求出刀轴的旋转量,进而求取转角补偿位移,并将其叠加至平动位移上,在每一个插补步骤中进行补偿,从而实现空间圆弧的时间分割插补算法.最后利用Visual C++6.0编写该算法的仿真软件,验证该插补算法的正确性.五轴联动圆弧非线性插补算法适用于五轴联动数控机床中任意空间圆弧的插补.该算法计算简单,结果精确,刀具移动平稳.     

九轴数控微加工中心的轨迹生成及控制策略研究

针对传统机床配置方式导致多轴微加工中心存在扰动刚度等问题,文章提出一种由三轴微铣和六轴旋转工作台组成的九轴数控微加工中心,工作台可以实现自由旋转、滚动和偏摆,以及三个短行程直线运动,并研究其刀具轨迹生成与控制策略,在轨迹生成策略中进行了正向运动学和逆运动学建模,并分别对微铣平移轴和旋转工作台的转动轴进行控制策略研究,最后通过仿真与实验验证了文中提出方法的有效性,所生成的参考命令在进给极限范围内,并能够保证足够的精度。     

Effects of process parameters on workpiece roundness in tangential-feed centerless grinding using a surface grinder

The present authors proposed a new centerless grinding method using a surface grinder in their previous study [Wu, Y., Kondo, T., Kato, M., 2005. A new centerless grinding technique using a surface grinder. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 162–163, 709–717]. In this method, a compact centerless grinding unit composed mainly of an ultrasonic elliptic-vibration shoe is installed onto the worktable of a multipurpose surface grinder to perform tangential-feed centerless grinding operations. However, for the complete establishment of the new method it is crucial to clarify the workpiece rounding process and the effects of process parameters such as the worktable feed rate, the stock removal and the workpiece rotational speed on the machining accuracy, i.e., workpiece roundness, so that the optimum grinding conditions can be determined. In this paper, the effects of the process parameters on workpiece roundness are investigated by simulation and experiments. For the simulation analysis, a grinding model taking into account the elastic deformation of the machine is created. Then, a practical way to determine the machining-elasticity parameter is developed. Further, simulation analysis is carried out to predict the variation of workpiece roundness during grinding and to discover how the process parameters affect the roundness. Finally, actual grinding operations are performed by installing the previously constructed unit onto a CNC surface grinder to confirm the simulation results. The obtained results indicate that: (1) a slower worktable feed rate and higher workpiece rotational speed give better roundness; (2) better roundness can be also obtained when the stock removal is set at a larger value; (3) the workpiece roundness was improved from an initial value of 23.9 μm to a final value of 0.84 μm after grinding.     

5轴卧式加工中心回转工作台设计与应用

大型5轴卧式加工中心机床回转工作台是机床在加工过程中驱动工件回转的部件,回转精度及可靠性直接影响机床的整体性能。针对5轴机床在联动切削过程中B轴移动的特点,选用大型可调间隙蜗轮蜗杆进行传动,传动机构配置有减速机构以增加驱动力矩,回转机构通过大型轴向径向组合轴承支撑,通过高精度光栅尺进行位置反馈,得到快速进给5 r/min、定位精度为3″、重复定位精度为1.5″的高精度回转工作台。     

金刚石薄圆锯片基体的磨削工艺参数优化

针对金刚石薄圆锯片基体磨削表面质量控制问题,在数控卧轴圆台平面磨床上开展圆锯片基体磨削正交试验,研究磨削工艺参数对其端跳、平面度、同片厚度差的影响规律。结果表明:砂轮转速对端跳影响最显著,提高砂轮转速有利于减小端跳;工作台转速对平面度以及同片厚度差影响最显著,提高工作台转速有利于获得平整和光洁的表面。优化的磨削工艺参数组合是砂轮转速为1 500 r/min,进给速度为3 000 mm/min,工作台转速为250 r/min,磁力为90%。在此参数下,对金刚石圆锯片基体进行磨削,其磨后的端跳、平面度和同片厚度差分别为0.08、0.02和0.004 mm,远小于标准规定的0.12、0.08和0.020 mm,且无明显磨削损伤缺陷。      

Prediction and identification of rotary axes error of non-orthogonal five-axis machine tool

This paper proposes an efficient and automated scheme to predict and identify the position and motion errors of rotary axes on a non-orthogonal five-axis machining centre using the double ball bar (DBB) system. Based on the Denavit-Hartenberg theory, a motion deviations model for the tilting rotary axis B and rotary C of a non-orthogonal five-axis NC machine tool is established, which considers tilting rotary axis B and rotary C static deviations and dynamic deviations that total 24. After analysing the mathematical expression of the motion deviations model, the QC20 double ball bar (DBB) from the Renishaw Company is used to measure and identify the motion errors of rotary axes B and C, and a measurement scheme is designed. With the measured results, the 24 geometric deviations of rotary axes B and C can be identified intuitively and efficiently. This method provides a reference for the error identification of the non-orthogonal five-axis NC machine tool.     

Ballbar dynamic tests for rotary axes of five-axis CNC machine tools

This paper proposes a new ball bar test method for the inspection of dynamic errors of rotary axes in five-axis CNC machine tools. The test circle is defined in a workpiece coordinate system and the ball bar test is performed by simultaneously driving of linear–rotary axis couple. The effects of the center position and the radius on the setting values, rotational range and measurement sensitivity of the rotary axis were investigated. The proposed ball bar test is performed in two steps: the circular positioning and the circular tracking with a continuous feed. Axial dynamic errors are obtained by subtracting the measured tracking errors from the positioning errors. A ball bar test system (BBTS) was developed to plan the tool path and the tool orientation, to communicate with the five-axis CNC controller and to process the measured data. Error patterns were simulated regarding the gain mismatch, backlash and tracking direction to help a fast diagnosis of the error sources. Simulations and experimental results prove the effectiveness of the new test method.     

A new approach to identifying the dynamic behavior of CNC machine tools with respect to different worktable feed speeds

The dynamics of the machine tool structure are important in high precision machining. Some researchers have studied that the dynamics are expected to change under different machining conditions. However, the dynamic behaviors of the machine tool at different worktable feed speeds are rarely studied. In this paper, an output-only modal identification available to predict the dynamics of the machine tool at different feed speeds is proposed. The excitation of this method uses the inertia force sequence caused by random idle running of the worktable. The first six modes of the entire machine tool structure are estimated using the proposed method. The results indicate that the running state of the worktable can influence the modes in which the worktable vibrates. The estimated natural frequencies and damping ratios decrease obviously as the feed speed increases. Furthermore, because this method enable to determine modal parameters by measuring the response of machine tool structure without using any artificial excitation, it can be used to predict the dynamic behaviors of the machine tool in entire working space effectively.     

倾斜回转工作台五坐标数控机床后置处理

介绍一种旋转工作台倾斜的特殊五坐标数控机床,分析其结构和运动特点;利用矩阵变换的原理,建立该机床的运动坐标系统,推导出刀位文件的后置处理方法,给出转角和直角坐标的计算公式,并在某单位机床上得到验证。该推导思路和方法可用于其他特殊结构的五坐标机床。     

基于旋转超声加工的GFRP罐体侧壁开孔系统设计

针对传统的玻璃钢罐体人工开孔方式存在开孔效率低、定位精度低差、开孔质量低等问题,设计一种针对GFRP罐体侧壁开孔的旋转超声加工系统。系统包含工件的输送、装夹、旋转超声主轴、进给驱动和刀具位置调整等部分,重点介绍旋转超声主轴和进给系统。运用有限元法设计带有开孔器的变幅杆,获得满足谐振频率的变幅杆结构,并通过有限元软件对带有开孔器的变幅杆进行谐响应分析,发现刀具振动方向以轴向为主且振动幅度满足要求。