碳纳米管的力学性能及聚合物/碳纳米管复合材料

综述了碳纳米管（CNTS）的制备方法、结构与力学性能的关系，介绍了近年来聚合物／碳纳米管复合材料的最新进展，对现有聚合物／碳纳米管复合材料的制备方法存在的主要问题进行了分析。     

Mechanical Reinforcement of Polymers Using Carbon Nanotubes

Owing to their unique mechanical properties, carbon nanotubes are considered to be ideal candidates for polymer reinforcement. However, a large amount of work must be done in order to realize their full potential. Effective processing of nanotubes and polymers to fabricate new ultra‐strong composite materials is still a great challenge. This Review explores the progress that has already been made in the area of mechanical reinforcement of polymers using carbon nanotubes. First, the mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes and the system requirements to maximize reinforcement are discussed. Then, main methods described in the literature to produce and process polymer–nanotube composites are considered and analyzed. After that, mechanical properties of various nanotube–polymer composites prepared by different techniques are critically analyzed and compared. Finally, remaining problems, the achievements so far, and the research that needs to be done in the future are discussed.     

Mechanical and Thermomechanical Properties of Hybrid Nanocomposites Reinforced by Nanotubes and Nanoplatelets

正A theoretical study on the mechanical and ther-momechanical properties of hybrid nanocompositesreinforced by nanotubes(NT)and nanoplatelets(NP)is presented.The stiffness and coefficient ofthermal expansion(CTE)are derived via an ap-proach based on Mori-Tanaka method.The influ-ences of hybrid ratio,reinforcement volume frac-tion,aspect ratio and orientation on the stiffness     

聚氨酯纳米复合材料中碳纳米管的分散研究

碳纳米管的独特结构赋予了其优良性质,被认为是聚氨酯复合材料的理想添加相.然而,碳纳米管的分散效果直接影响了聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料的性能.主要介绍了碳纳米管在聚氨酯复合材料制备过程中的分散方法(分别采用机械分散、超声分散和磁力分散3种物理分散方法),分析了分散时间、分散频率等参数对分散效果的影响.结果表明,3种分散方法中,分散效果由好到差依次为超声分散、磁力分散和机械分散;并且随着分散时间的延长和分散频率的增大,分散效果总体上趋于变好;而对于磁力分散和超声分散,超过一定时间后又会出现碳纳米管重新团聚,最佳分散时间分别为2.0h和1.5h.     

碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料的制备及其力学性能表征

利用高速剪切和球磨相结合的工艺,用石蜡辅助分散,制备得到碳纳米管(CNT)/铝复合粉体,随后采用常压烧结与大气热压相结合的工艺成型,最后经过热挤二次加工制备得到CNT增强铝基复合材料。结果表明,采用石蜡辅助的球磨混合分散工艺能显著改善CNT在基体中分布的均匀性,常压烧结后大气热压能显著提高材料致密度,达到类似热压烧结的效果,使材料力学性能显著提高;随着CNT含量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度和布氏硬度逐渐升高,当CNT质量分数增加到2.0%时达到最大值,分别为245MPa和106.66N/mm2。     

碳纳米管/聚甲醛复合材料的结晶形态与力学性能

在对碳纳米管(CNT)进行表面修饰后,采用活性自由基聚合法(ATRP)在其表面接枝聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)。再将接枝上聚合物的碳纳米管添加到聚甲醛中熔融共混制得碳纳米管/聚甲醛纳米复合材料。通过偏光显微镜观察其结晶形态,并研究了功能化碳纳米管的含量对聚甲醛缺口冲击强度的影响,结果表明,CNT-PMMA的加入使聚甲醛球晶细化,复合材料的缺口冲击强度得到提高。     

PP/碳纳米管复合材料的制备及电性能

采用原子转移自由基(ATRP)活性聚合方法在多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)表面接枝丙烯酸丁酯聚合物(PBA),并以此对聚丙烯(PP)进行改性。红外光谱(FT-IR)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)测试结果表明,采用ATRP法成功地将PBA接枝到多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)表面。对PP/MWNT复合材料电性能研究表明,MWNT-PBA的添加比MWNT-COOH更能降低复合材料的电阻率。MWNT-PBA的加入可使PP从绝缘材料转变为抗静电材料。MWNT-PBA和MWNT-COOH加入PP都能提高材料的电性能,而MWNT-PBA比MWNT-COOH的作用更加明显。     

Hyperporous Sponge Interconnected by Hierarchical Carbon Nanotubes as a High‐Performance Potassium‐Ion Battery Anode

Recently, commercial graphite and other carbon‐based materials have shown promising properties as the anode for potassium‐ion batteries. A fundamental problem related to those carbon electrodes, significant volume expansion, and structural instability/collapsing caused by cyclic K‐ion intercalation, remains unsolved and severely limits further development and applications of K‐ion batteries. Here, a multiwalled hierarchical carbon nanotube (HCNT) is reported to address the issue, and a reversible specific capacity of 232 mAh g^?1, excellent rate capability, and cycling stability for 500 cycles are achieved. The key structure of the HCNTs consists of an inner CNT with dense‐stacked graphitic walls and a loose‐stacked outer CNT with more disordered walls, and individual HCNTs are further interconnected into a hyperporous bulk sponge with huge macropore volume, high conductivity, and tunable modulus. It is discovered that the inner dense‐CNT serves as a robust skeleton, and collectively, the outer loose‐CNT is beneficial for K‐ion accommodation; meanwhile the hyperporous sponge facilitates reaction kinetics and offers stable surface capacitive behavior. The hierarchical carbon nanotube structure has great potential in developing high‐performance and stable‐structure electrodes for next generation K and other metal‐ion batteries.     

数值模拟碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料的力学性能

本文根据连续介质理论,采用代表性体积元的方法计算了碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料的力学性能。使用有限元软件ABAQUS对代表性体积元模型进行分析,研究了不同碳纳米管体积分数对复合材料弹性模量、屈服强度、泊松比及剪切模量的影响。结果表明碳纳米管体积分数对复合材料力学性能有显著影响,随着碳纳米管体积分数的增加,复合材料的弹性模量、屈服强度及剪切强度都明显提高,泊松比略有下降。     

聚苯硫醚/羟基改性多壁碳纳米管复合材料动态力学行为研究

采用熔融共混法制备了聚苯硫醚/羟基改性多壁碳纳米管(PPS/MWCNTs-OH)复合材料,用动态机械热分析法(DMTA)研究了PPS及PPS/MWCNTs-OH的动态力学性能.结果表明少量MWCNTs-OH的加入使PPS/MWCNTs-OH复合材料的储能模量(E′)明显提高,且随MWCNTs-OH含量增加而增加;从ta...     

碳纳米管对PP/SPTW复合材料力学性能的影响

目的研究不同含量的多壁碳纳米管(CNT)对聚丙烯/六钛酸钾晶须复合材料力学性能的影响。方法将经表面改性处理的多壁碳纳米管与改性过的六钛酸钾晶须、聚丙烯(PP)、马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH),采用熔融共混法,利用双辊开炼机熔融共混制得PP/PP-g-MAH/SPTW/碳纳米管复合材料。比较不同含量的改性多壁碳纳米管对PP/PP-g-MAH/SPTW复合材料力学性能的影响。结果多壁碳纳米管表面经过混酸处理后,在复合材料中分散均匀,与聚合物基体界面间结合良好,对复合材料起到增韧增强作用,但是当碳纳米管质量分数较大时,开始出现团聚现象,反而使复合材料的力学性能降低。结论当碳纳米的质量分数为0.5%左右时,复合材料力学性能最佳。     

Effect of Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes on the Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were used to prepare natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites. Our first efforts to achieve nanostructures in MWNTs/NR nanocomposites were formed by incorporating carbon nanotubes in a polymer solution and subsequently evaporating the solvent. Using this technique, nanotubes can be dispersed homogeneously in the NR matrix in an attempt to increase the mechanical properties of these nanocomposites. The properties of the nanocomposites such as tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at break and hardness were studied. Mechanical test results show an increase in the initial modulus for up to 12 times in relation to pure NR. In addition to mechanical testing, the dispersion state of the MWNTs into NR studied by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) in order to understand the morphology of the resulting system     

Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Composites: Experiment and Analytical Modeling

New technology has been developed to obtain composite materials reinforced with pristine Multi–Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs). Introduction of metallic magnetic particles upon the open tips of MWCNTs has been performed in order to induce, with the assistance of a magnetic field, an out–of–plane orientation of MWCNTs in a composite material. Micromechanical modeling of such composites is compared with the results of tensile and compressive tests and good agreement is observed. Results of the compressive tests show that the elastic energy accumulated in through–the–thickness direction reinforced composites is about two orders of magnitude higher than one in the pure matrix material.     

New Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber/Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposite

A novel technology to prepare styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR)/carbon nanotubes(CNTs) composites was developed by combining a spray drying method and a subsequent mechanical mixing process.The cross-linking degrees of the vulcanized composites increased gradually with the additive CNTs contents.By comparing with those of the pure SBR composites,the mechanical properties such as tensile strength,tear strength and hardness of the composites filled with CNTs at certain contents were dramatically improved almost b...