微波耦合铁碳微电解预处理石化废水的试验

采用微波耦合铁碳微电解技术对石化废水进行预处理,并对预处理前后水样中有机物的变化进行分析。结果表明,原水CODCr为10 500 mg/L,在废水pH值为3、铁碳投加量为20%、微波功率为700 W,经微波辐射5 min处理后,出水CODCr为2 370 mg/L左右,COD去除率稳定在77%左右,提高了废水的可生化性。GC-MS和三维荧光分析结果均表明,微波耦合铁碳微电解处理后,试验废水中有机物的数量及浓度大幅降低。结合后续生化处理,可以达到三级污水综合排放标准(GB 8978-1996)。微波耦合铁碳微电解可作为石化废水的有效预处理方法。     

微电解—UASB—生物接触氧化组合工艺处理制药废水

采用铁碳微电解—UASB—生物接触氧化组合工艺对制药废水进行处理,明确了微电解处理废水的最优参数,探讨了厌氧反应器及生物接触氧化反应器的启动方法。结果表明,微电解最佳反应条件:进水p H为3.0,反应时间为2 h,此条件下通过微电解作用能够分解转化废水中的有机污染物,使废水中的B/C由0.121提高到0.310。微电解—UASB—生物接触氧化组合工艺在处理制药废水时可获得稳定的处理效果,出水COD及氨氮等均达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)三级标准的要求。     

炼油高浓度污水达标排放处理

针对炼油高浓度污水硫、酚含量高及生化性差的特点,开发了由生物脱硫、Fe-C微电解、生物除酚、吸附-生物降解法(AB法)和内循环曝气生物滤池(BAF)等单元组合的处理技术. 研究结果表明,控制生物脱硫、生物除酚、AB法和内循环BAF等生化反应器的溶解氧分别为2.0, 2.0~2.4及AB法的A段为0.6~1.0,B段为1.5~2.0和大于2.4 mg/L,水力停留时间分别为8~12, 8~12, 5~6和2.5~3.0 h,Fe-C微电解的Fe/C质量比为3~4, pH值3.0~3.8, 反应时间30 min,则该污水的硫化物、挥发酚、COD、氨氮和石油类的平均浓度分别由705, 225, 4333, 38.6和30.0 mg/L降至0.3, 0.07, 80.5, 11.6和2.9 mg/L,达到排放标准.     

炼油碱性污水生物氧化预处理影响因素研究

炼油碱性污水是石油炼制过程中产生的一种含有大量硫化物、酚类和石油类等污染物的高浓度碱性污水.采用循环式生物曝气滤池工艺(CBAF)对炼油碱性污水进行了预处理试验.研究了不同HRT、溶解氧、温度、反冲洗方式和周期等对污水中硫化物、挥发酚、COD去除率的影响.结果表明,在适宜操作条件下,其对炼油碱性污水主要污染物指标COD、硫化物、酚类平均去除率分别达到80.0%、99.1%、87.3%.     

物化预处理—水解酸化—A/O工艺处理化工废水研究

采用物化(铁碳微电解、催化氧化)预处理高浓度废水后,利用水解酸化—A/O工艺处理混合废水,处理量为80 m~3/d。运行实践表明:处理出水COD低于500 mg/L,氨氮低于35 mg/L,出水水质达到接管要求,预处理工艺的COD去除率达64%,硝基苯去除率达94%,效果明显。     

铁-炭微电解技术强化制药废水处理效果

论文考察了铁-炭微电解技术对某制药企业废水处理站二级生物处理出水的深度处理效果,以及对难降解生产废水和混合生产废水的预处理效果。结果表明:铁-炭微电解对废水处理站二级生物处理出水的TOC去除不明显,但使废水可生化性显著提高;对排放难降解污染负荷的生产废水的TOC去除率高于30%,其中难生物降解组分与可生物降解组分得到同比例去除。物料衡算结果表明,对小水量、高浓度、难降解的生产工段废水进行铁炭微电解预处理,污染物去除效果明显优于混合生产废水。     

铁炭微电解/水解酸化/MBR组合工艺处理制药废水

采用反应沉淀/水解酸化/MBR组合工艺处理以合成制药废水为主的污水处理厂污水,处理出水不能达到《化学合成类制药工业水污染物排放标准》(GB 21904—2008)的要求。对此采用铁炭微电解工艺作为前置处理工艺对该废水进行了预处理实验研究,结果表明,当铁炭投加量为400 g/L,铁炭质量比为4∶5,HRT=3 h,p H=4,曝气量为3 L/min时,预处理效果较好,铁炭微电解对COD的去除率达47.50%,废水可生化性由0.23提升到0.38,使后续工艺运行效果大幅提升,最终使处理出水达标排放。     

微电解+ABR+SBR处理有机化工废水

有机化工废水成分复杂、浓度高、毒性大、色度深、难以生物降解。采用微电解技术可以破坏废水中污染物的结构,使有机废水易生物降解;后续采用ABR+SBR技术处理,COD去除率可达到96%以上,BOD去除率达98%以上,出水COD、BOD符合GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准。     

微电解–SBR活性污泥法处理焦化废水

针对焦化废水可生化性差、难以生化处理的特点，采用微电解工艺作为预处理措施，去除部分污染物并提高废水的可生化性，再利用SBR活性污泥法进行了深度处理实验. 结果表明，微电解法不仅能去除焦化废水中的COD、酚、氰、硫化物等有机污染物(COD去除率为70%, 酚、氰、硫化物去除率分别为76.8%, 65.9%, 70.3%)，而且还能提高废水的可生化性(BOD5CODcr由处理前的0.28提高到处理后的0.54，可生化性提高了48.2%). 通过正交试验确定了微电解法预处理焦化废水的适宜参数为：进水COD22002400 mgL，进水pH值约3.03.2，微电解水力停留时间HRT5565 min，FeC(体积比)11.5. 应用微电解预处理SBR深度处理焦化废水，可使出水达标排放(国家I级排放标准GB1345692).     

Heterogeneous Catalytic Ozonation of Refinery Wastewater over Alumina-Supported Mn and Cu Oxides Catalyst

An economical method was proposed to develop an efficient alumina-supported manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) oxides (Mn-Cu-O/Al₂O₃) catalyst with a high surface area, 184.06 cm² g^?1. The catalyst was utilized for degradation refinery wastewater by heterogeneous catalytic ozonation. The effects of various operating variables including pH, ozone and catalyst dosages, and temperature were systematically investigated in detail to obtain the optimized conditions for accelerated degradation of refinery wastewater. The optimum values were as follows: ozone dose 50.0 mg L^?1, catalyst dose 3.0 g L^?1, initial pH = 6.8, T = 17 °C. Refinery wastewater samples were analyzed by chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the results indicated that kinetics of COD followed a pseudo–first-order degradation. Moreover, hydroxyl radical mechanism rather than absorption was proposed, indicating that the surface hydroxyl groups were the active sites that played a significant role in catalytic ozonation.     

用循环曝气生物滤池工艺处理炼油碱渣废水

采用新型的两级循环曝气生物滤池工艺,对稀释中和后的炼油碱渣废水进行生物处理工业试验。研究了溶解氧质量浓度、水力停留时间、营养物质、pH值、温度和反冲洗周期等因素对碱渣废水生物处理效果的影响。在适宜的操作条件下,炼油碱渣废水经两级生物处理后,COD、硫化物、挥发酚和石油类平均去除率分别达到89.3 %、99.8 %、93.6 %和85.7 %,其中COD和硫化物的平均去除负荷分别达到8.37 kg·m^-3·d^-1和4.44 kg·m^-3·d^-1。循环曝气生物滤池是一种高负荷、高效率、反冲洗周期长和低成本的炼油碱渣废水处理方法,具有良好的应用前景。     

Treatment of oilfield wastewater using algal–bacterial fluidized bed reactor

This study was carried out to investigate the ability of an artificial microalgal–bacterial consortium to remediate an oilfield wastewater using laboratory-scale fluidized bed reactors (FBRs) under lighting. The consortium consists of an oil-degrading bacterial community and a microalgae, Scenedesmus obliquus GH2. The microbes were immobilized onto Ca-alginate beads and filled to the FBRs. The influence of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen, NH₃-N and oil concentration was investigated over 40 operational days. The synergistic relationship in the algal–bacterial microcosm was clearly demonstrated, since for the four parameters tested, the highest removal was recorded in the system inoculated with both algae and bacteria. In the algal–bacterial FBR, at 16 h HRT, the average effluent concentrations of COD, NH₃-N and oil were 92, 24 and 4.8 mg/L, respectively, corresponding to removal efficiencies of 70.8%, 61.2% and 84.2%, respectively. The effluent could meet the grade 2 as required by the national discharge standard of China. However, the effluent quality of the bacterial- or algal-only case could not satisfy the grade 3 discharge standard at 16 h HRT. The algal–bacterial biomass exhibits lowest effluent microtoxicity and highest dehydrogenase activity in comparison with bacterial-only and algal-only cases. This study reveals that the consortium containing dual microbial species has potential for microbial remediation of oilfield wastewater.     

循环生物曝气滤池和过滤组合工艺处理炼油轻度污染废水

采用新型的循环生物曝气滤池（CBAF）和过滤组合工艺对炼油轻度污染废水进行净化回用工业试验。研究了填料粒径和高度、水力停留时间和溶解氧浓度对CBAF工艺处理效果的影响。结果表明CBAF工艺具有碳化作用、硝化作用和过滤作用。CBAF工艺净化该废水适宜的操作条件为：水力停留时间100 min,溶解氧浓度3 mg·L^-1左右,反冲洗周期2～3 d。炼油轻度污染废水经该组合工艺处理后,COD、石油类污染物、NH₃-N和SS平均去除率分别为62.6%、71.7%、92.6%和97.0%,出水COD、石油类污染物、NH₃-N和SS平均质量浓度分别为14.4 mg·L^-1、0.75 mg·L^-1、0.49 mg·L^-1 和2.4 mg·L^-1,经处理后出水水质达到工业回用水要求。     

酚油共萃协同解毒技术及其在煤化工高浓废水中的应用

煤化工高浓废水因成分复杂、污染物浓度高、毒性大、可生化性低等特点受到环保行业广泛关注,废水中含有高浓度的氨氮、酚类和油类物质及杂环化合物和多环芳烃等高毒性污染物,高效脱酚和深度解毒是该类废水处理的两大瓶颈。本工作从过程污染控制角度提出了酚油共萃协同解毒技术,配合研发的酚油联合脱除专用萃取剂IPE-PO,有针对性地处理云南某企业的煤化工高浓废水。用GC-MS检测了处理前后废水中的有机物种类,并与工业应用广泛的甲基异丁基酮萃取剂(MIBK)萃取体系进行对比。预处理后废水中的化学需氧量(COD)、总酚、氨氮(NH4+?N)、有机物的吸光度(UV254)平均脱除率分别为77.69%, 90.45%, 97.10%和82.19%,去除了大部分有毒污染物,废水的可生化性显著提高。处理后废水中的有机物种类从原水中的101种减至74种,展现了该技术在处理有毒物质方面的优势。经生化和深度处理,废水COD从31000~37000 mg/L降至100 mg/L以下,UV254从197 cm?1降至0.5 cm?1,可直接排入污水厂,运行成本不超过10元/t。IPE-PO萃取剂酚油协同共萃解毒技术在煤化工废水处理上是一种可行且高效的预处理方法。     

膜生物反应器工艺处理炼油废水中试研究

采用中空纤维膜生物反应器(MBR)工艺处理炼油废水,了解膜生物反应器在炼油废水处理中的性能.研究结果表明,采用膜生物反应器工艺可有效地处理炼油废水,COD、氨氮和油去除率分别为91.5%、96.7%、84.7%,MBR出水COD为64 mg/L,氨氮为1.85 mg/L,油含量<3.0 mg/L,出水水质达到国家一级排放标准.     

Simultaneous removal of chromium and organic pollutants in tannery wastewater by electroprecipitation technique

The simultaneous removal of chromium and other organic pollutants from tannery wastewater was investigated in a batch electrochemical membrane reactor. This reactor, having a total capacity of 1 liter, was separated into two compartments (anodic and cathodic compartments) by using an anionic membrane. A stainless steel sheet with the square holes having total surface area of 0.0215 m² and a Ti/RuO₂ grid was used as the cathode and anode, respectively. The results indicated that the optimum condition for removal of chromium from tannery wastewater was found at the current density of 60.5 A/m² at initial pH of 4.5. At this condition, more than 98% of chromium was removed within 60 min. Some organic pollutants contained in wastewater such as oil and grease, color and the level of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) were also markedly reduced.     

Ozone Treatment of Tannery Wastewater Monitored by Conventional and Substance Specific Wastewater Analyses

Ozone is an unstable and highly reactive gas applied in drinking water or wastewater treatment to oxidize and/or mineralize pollutants. Its application in wastewater treatment leads to a destruction of persistent pollutants combined with an improvement of biodegradability. The oxidation of organic and inorganic compounds in tannery wastewater at different pHs applying O₃ was studied. Results after O₃-treatment were determined by conventional wastewater parameters, e.g., total organic carbon (TOC), biochemical oxygen demand after 5 days (BOD₅), and chemical oxygen demand (COD), as well as by substance-specific mass spectrometric analytical techniques, i.e., gas chromatography—mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography—mass and tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS and—MSⁿ). In parallel, variations in the toxicity of the tannery wastewater against water organisms before and after O₃-treatment were determined by means of biotoxicity testing, i.e., Daphnia magna Straus and Vibrio fischeri bioassays.     

悬浮污泥过滤技术在炼油污水处理中试验研究

悬浮污泥过滤技术又称SSF污水净化处理技术,其污水净化工艺包括物化工艺和SSF污水净化器二部分,是一套纯物理化学法污水处理装置系统。文中将该技术用于炼油污水处理试验,试验表明:SSF工艺除油效果明显,污油去除率达到75.6%,COD去除率约42%,出水水质稳定良好,达到进入生化单元水质的要求,可以替代常规水处理中的浮选单元。SSF悬浮污泥过滤技术为传统的炼油污水处理工艺提出了一条新的技术路径。     

电脱盐废水稳定性分析及破乳技术

石油炼制行业电脱盐废水乳化严重、破乳难,影响后续深度处理,已成为企业污染防治的重要难题。本研究针对典型炼化企业电脱盐废水的排放与处理需求,实时跟踪电脱盐废水的水质波动。基于电脱盐废水的污染组成特点,分析其稳定性,并首次利用管式电絮凝处理电脱盐废水。结果表明,该企业电脱盐反冲洗时,电脱盐废水中石油类浓度>400mg/L,最高时可达1700mg/L,显著高于设计值。其化学需氧量（COD）平均为4484mg/L,与原油性质密切相关,其中溶解性COD约765mg/L,主要来源于电脱盐注水。反冲洗废水中胶质、沥青质重质组分占总油比例28%,高于正常排水。电脱盐废水具有一定的自发破乳性,但时间较长;曝气预处理30min后COD可降至原水的26.2%;电絮凝可进一步大幅降低COD与溶解性COD,且在初始电流1.0A、反应时间15min时,COD和溶解性COD的平均去除率分别达到80%和50%,降解过程符合准一级动力学模型,此时直接运行成本约0.92CNY/m³废水。     

曝气/铁炭微电解预处理制膜废水试验研究

以浙江某制膜公司的生产废水为研究对象,采用曝气微电解对含DMF、DMAC等强有机溶剂的制膜废水进行预处理.结果表明,曝气微电解最佳pH为2～3,最佳停留时间为120 min,其COD去除率较普通微电解工艺至少提高5%.串联曝气微电解反应器处理中COD去除率存在二次跃迁曲线.历时30 d的稳定运行结果表明,当进水COD为10 000～20 000 mg/L时,COD去除率达52%以上,可以使原水B/C由0.22提高到0.45以上.