煅烧煤矸石作水泥混合材的研究

文章从利废、环保、开拓混合材资源出发,对煤矸石的物理、化学、热值作了分折,通过不同煅烧温度及SO_3含量对烧矸石活性的影响试验,以及大量的强度对比试验、不同掺量试验、不同品种水泥的试验等,得出如下结论。 ①经600～800℃煅烧的煤矸石活性较高,可作为水泥混合材; ②熟料质量好,可以生产425号普通水泥、火山灰水泥、复合水泥(另加磷渣); ③生产成本低,利废保环境,经济、社会效益好;     

低温烧煤矸石的火山灰活性研究

研究了在500～1000℃煅烧温度条件下烧煤矸石的火山灰活性,采用ISO方法和水泥胶砂28d强度法检测不同煅烧温度烧煤矸石的火山灰活性,并用结合水量法测定掺烧煤矸石水泥的水化进程情况,以判断烧煤矸石活性的大小,同时对其水化产物进行了初步探讨.结果表明:煅烧温度决定了烧煤矸石的火山灰活性大小,本研究所用的煤矸石在750℃左右煅烧的条件下具有较高的活性.     

天然粘土火山灰活性试验研究

研究采用高岭石含量较低的天然粘土.首先,对天然粘土在不同温度、不同恒温时间下进行热处理;其次,采用XRD测试对煅烧后天然粘土开展矿物成分分析,并结合TG-DTA测试进一步确定各矿物的分解温度;再次,分别通过电导率测量(EC)和强度活性指数测试(SAI)对煅烧粘土活性大小以及水泥替代效果进行定量评估;最终,确定获取天然粘土最佳火山灰活性的煅烧温度和恒温时间.实验结果表明,煅烧温度700℃ 并保持3 h恒温的天然粘土具有最佳火山灰活性.当采用最佳火山灰活性的煅烧粘土替代30％ 水泥时,混合砂浆7 d抗压强度达到32.55 MPa,与水泥砂浆相比强度增大了11％.煅烧天然粘土可以提高混合砂浆的抗压强度,是一种潜在的水泥替代材料.     

烧白泥作混合材的试验

烧白泥属粘土型火山灰质混合材。白泥经700～800℃煅烧后,活性有很大提高。其活性成分除SiO_2外,还有大量的Al_2O_3。这些活性成分在水泥水化时与Ca(OH)_2作用,生成新的水化物硅酸钙和硫铝酸钙,从而对提高水泥强度产生良好作用。同时,烧白泥具有很大的内表面积和表面自由能,使水泥石的物理化学吸附能力提高,于是也提高了水泥的粘附能力,增加水泥的抗拉强度。     

烧煤矸石的火山灰性能研究

经500-1000℃煅烧后的煤矸石，均具有火山灰活性和火山灰反应性，但煅烧温度直接影响其活性的高低和掺不同煅烧温度煤矸石的水泥强度性能。试验结果表明：试验用煤矸石经750℃温度煅烧后的活性和反应性最好，用其制得的水泥胶砂强度也最高，800℃煅烧的次之，500℃煅烧的最低。     

不同煅烧温度对页岩作为水泥掺合料活性影响的研究

采用热激活法对页岩进行改性,研究了煅烧温度对页岩火山灰活性的影响.对掺入页岩的水泥胶砂试块的微观形貌和矿物组成进行了分析,并以矿渣、粉煤灰作为水泥掺合料进行了对比,测试了胶砂试块的力学性能及抗腐蚀性能.结果表明:高温处理的页岩部分替代水泥后,复合胶体的抗压强度均接近纯水泥胶砂的强度,且抗腐蚀性能好.页岩的火山灰活性来自于粘土质矿物伊利石脱水分解后所形成的无定形SiO2和Al2O3,激发页岩火山灰活性的最佳温度为850℃,当页岩在水泥中掺量为30％时,可满足工业生产的强度要求.     

利用机械力化学原理提高水泥混合材掺量的研究

从充分发挥水泥熟料矿物潜在活性的观点出发，通过对水泥熟料的细磨，提高水泥中小于20μm的熟料颗粒含量，以达到提高水泥中混合材掺量的目的。本研究采用62．5MPa熟料，掺入50%粉煤灰，其水泥胶砂强度可达42．5MPa掺入45％烧粘土，其水泥胶砂强度可达43.4MPa。     

煤矸石的热力-化学复合活化研究

采用不同温度下的煅烧和添加化学激发物质的复合活化方法对煤矸石用作高性能水泥辅助性胶凝材料时潜在活性激发效果进行了实验探讨。实验结果表明,原始煤矸石未经任何处理直接用作水泥混合材时基本上不表现出火山灰活性,会导致水泥强度大幅度降低。煤矸石经600~900℃加热处理之后再与水泥混合使用,表现出显著的火山灰活性,水泥强度得到明显改善。用芒硝或水玻璃作为激发剂对煤矸石施加热力化学复合活化,在适宜的掺量范围内水泥强度,尤其是早期强度,得到进一步改善。采用水玻璃的场合活化效果优于采用芒硝的场合。煤矸石热力化学复合活化的适应范围为热处理温度600~800℃,水玻璃掺量不超过4%。     

低温烧粘土作水泥混合材的研究(二)

3.2烧粘土的搬烧温度对水泥强度的影响 图4、图5分别为掺30％烧粘土的水泥胶砂强度与粘土姻烧温度的关系。分析图4、图5可知,掺人经550℃锻烧粘土的水泥,其28 d强度值最高。由粘土的差热分析曲线图2可知,本研究所用粘土在从环境温度加热到125℃时,主要是粘土矿物中的吸附水失去;从500℃至700℃,粘土矿物中的结构水渐失,709℃时完全脱水;在709℃-856℃,曲线几乎水平,无放热峰或吸热峰,说明无矿物脱水或晶形转变。从图3可知,在550℃-800℃脱水温度范围内,脱水产物的 X-ray衍射图相似;500℃时,粘土中的矿物还未全分解失去结构水,在此温度下假…     

烧页岩作为水泥混合材的研究

利用差热分析法对页岩的煅烧温度进行了初步确定,测定了几种烧页岩的活性,并对页岩在不同温度下进行煅烧以使其活性得到激发,利用XRD、SEM等测试方法对掺加页岩的水泥水化后的微观形貌以及矿物组成进行了研究.结果表明:试验所用页岩适合的煅烧温度为800 ℃左右,其活性主要来源于页岩中的粘土质矿物在煅烧时的热分解过程中产生的活性氧化硅和氧化铝;800 ℃煅烧30 min后的烧页岩与粉煤灰双掺掺入总量为30%时,可满足P.C42.5水泥的生产.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。