PECVD沉积微晶硅薄膜过程中氢原子对透明导电膜的影响

研究了等离子体放电过程中氢原子对单层SnO2和SnO2/ZnO双层透明导电膜的影响.发现当衬底温度超过150℃,H等离子体处理使SnO2薄膜的透光率显著降低.当在SnO2薄膜表面沉积一层ZnO时,既使ZnO膜的厚度为50nm,也可有效地抑制H原子对SnO2的还原效应,并在SnO2/ZnO双层膜上制备了转换效率为3.8%的微晶硅薄膜太阳电池.     

微晶硅太阳电池

采用VHF-PECVD技术制备了系列微晶硅太阳电池.综合测试结果表明:硅烷浓度、热阱温度和前电极都对微晶硅太阳电池的性能有影响.在湿法腐蚀的ZnO衬底上制备的电池的效率比在ZnO/SnO2复合膜上制备的电池的效率高1.5%.在优化了沉积条件后,制备出效率达6.7%的微晶硅太阳电池(Jsc=18.8mA/cm2,Voc=0.526V,FF=0.68),电池的结构是glass/ZnO/p(μc-Si:H)/i(μc-Si:H)/(a-Si:H)/Al,没有ZnO背反射电极.     

NIP型非晶硅薄膜太阳能电池的研究

采用射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积(RF-PECVD)技术制备非晶硅(a-Si)NIP太阳能电池,其中电池的窗口层采用P型晶化硅薄膜,电池结构为Al/glass/SnO2/N(a-Si:H)/I(a-Si:H)/P(cryst-Si:H)/ITO/Al.为了使P型晶化硅薄膜能够在a-Si表面成功生长,电池制备过程中采用了H等离子体处理a-Si表面的方法.通过调节电池P层和N层厚度和H等离子体处理a-Si表面的时间,优化了太阳能电池的制备工艺.结果表明,使用H等离子体处理a-Si表面5 min,可以在a-Si表面获得高电导率的P型晶化硅薄膜,并且这种结构可以应用到电池上;当P型晶化硅层沉积时间12.5 min,N层沉积12 min,此种结构电池特性最好,效率达6.40%.通过调整P型晶化硅薄膜的结构特征,将能进一步改善电池的性能.     

P-nc-si:H薄膜材料及在微晶硅薄膜太阳电池上应用

对RF PECVD技术沉积p nc Si:H薄膜材料进行了研究。随着功率的增大材料的晶化率增大。B的掺杂可以提高材料的电导率,同时会抑制材料的晶化,在纳米Si薄膜材料中B的掺杂效率很高,少量的B即可获得高的电导率,而对材料晶化影响不大。用比较高沉积功率和少量B的方法获得了高电导率、宽光学带隙和高晶化率的P型纳米Si薄膜材料(σ=0.7S/cm,Eopt>2.0eV)。将这种材料应用于微晶硅(μc Si)薄膜太阳能电池中,电池结构为:glass/SnO2/ZnO/p nc Si:H/I μC Si:H/n Si:H。首次获得效率η=4.2%的μC Si薄膜太阳能电池(Voc=0.399V,Jsc=20.56mA/cm2,FF=51.6%)。     

RF-PECVD高速沉积优质过渡区微晶硅薄膜

利用13.56MHz射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术高速沉积非晶/微晶过渡区的微晶硅(μc-Si:H)薄膜.研究了沉积压力、射频功率、电极间距、氢稀释度等参数对沉积速率、电学性质等的影响.选择优化的沉积参数,在非晶到微晶的过渡区得到了沉积速率为0.3～0.4nm/s的μc-Si:H薄膜.薄膜的暗电导在10-7S/cm量级,光暗电导比近2个量级,电导激活能在0.52eV左右,薄膜结构致密,达到了器件级质量.     

RF-PECVD高速沉积优质过渡区微晶硅薄膜

利用13.56MHz射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术高速沉积非晶/微晶过渡区的微晶硅(μc-Si:H)薄膜.研究了沉积压力、射频功率、电极间距、氢稀释度等参数对沉积速率、电学性质等的影响.选择优化的沉积参数,在非晶到微晶的过渡区得到了沉积速率为0.3～0.4nm/s的μc-Si:H薄膜.薄膜的暗电导在10-7S/cm量级,光暗电导比近2个量级,电导激活能在0.52eV左右,薄膜结构致密,达到了器件级质量.     

微晶硅太阳电池

采用VHF-PECVD技术制备了系列微晶硅太阳电池．综合测试结果表明：硅烷浓度、热阱温度和前电极都对微晶硅太阳电池的性能有影响．在湿法腐蚀的ZnO衬底上制备的电池的效率比在ZnO/SnO2复合膜上制备的电池的效率高1.5%．在优化了沉积条件后,制备出效率达6.7%的微晶硅太阳电池（Jsc=18.8mA/cm2,Voc=0.526V,FF=0.68）,电池的结构是glass/ZnO/p(μc-Si∶H)/i(μc-Si∶H)/(a-Si∶H)/Al,没有ZnO背反射电极．     

RF-PECVD高速沉积优质过渡区微晶硅薄膜

利用13.56MHz射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术高速沉积非晶/微晶过渡区的微晶硅(μc-Si∶H)薄膜. 研究了沉积压力、射频功率、电极间距、氢稀释度等参数对沉积速率、电学性质等的影响. 选择优化的沉积参数，在非晶到微晶的过渡区得到了沉积速率为0.3～0.4nm/s的μc-Si∶H薄膜. 薄膜的暗电导在1e-7S/cm量级，光暗电导比近2个量级，电导激活能在0.52eV左右，薄膜结构致密，达到了器件级质量.     

绒面ZnO薄膜的生长及其在太阳电池前电极的应用

研究了MOCVD技术制备的不同B2H6掺杂流量下ZnO薄膜的微观结构和光电性能变化.XRD和SEM的研究结果表明,ZnO薄膜具有(110)峰择优取向的绒面结构特征.当B2H6流量为10sccm时,在6cm×6cm面积玻璃衬底上生长出厚度为1000nm,方块电阻为～12Ω/□,平均透过率大于80%,迁移率为30.5cm2/(V·s)的绒面结构ZnO薄膜.PL谱测试表明B掺杂提高了ZnO薄膜的晶体质量,有力地说明了B掺杂ZnO薄膜具有更好的电学稳定性;低压H2氛围中退火可以有效提高ZnO薄膜的电子迁移率.将其用作Si薄膜太阳电池的前电极,电池性能与日本Asahi-U type SnO2作前电极的电池具有同等效果.     

绒面ZnO薄膜的生长及其在太阳电池前电极的应用

研究了MOCVD技术制备的不同B2H6掺杂流量下ZnO薄膜的微观结构和光电性能变化.XRD和SEM的研究结果表明,ZnO薄膜具有(110)峰择优取向的绒面结构特征.当B2H6流量为10sccm时,在6cm×6cm面积玻璃衬底上生长出厚度为1000nm,方块电阻为～12Ω/□,平均透过率大于80%,迁移率为30.5cm2/(V·s)的绒面结构ZnO薄膜.PL谱测试表明B掺杂提高了ZnO薄膜的晶体质量,有力地说明了B掺杂ZnO薄膜具有更好的电学稳定性;低压H2氛围中退火可以有效提高ZnO薄膜的电子迁移率.将其用作Si薄膜太阳电池的前电极,电池性能与日本Asahi-U type SnO2作前电极的电池具有同等效果.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.