Optimal sequences, power control, and user capacity of synchronousCDMA systems with linear MMSE multiuser receivers

There has been intense effort in the past decade to develop multiuser receiver structures which mitigate interference between users in spread-spectrum systems. While much of this research is performed at the physical layer, the appropriate power control and choice of signature sequences in conjunction with multiuser receivers and the resulting network user capacity is not well understood. In this paper we will focus on a single cell and consider both the uplink and downlink scenarios and assume a synchronous CDMA (S-CDMA) system. We characterize the user capacity of a single cell with the optimal linear receiver (MMSE receiver). The user capacity of the system is the maximum number of users per unit processing gain admissible in the system such that each user has its quality-of-service (QoS) requirement (expressed in terms of its desired signal-to-interference ratio) met. This characterization allows one to describe the user capacity through a simple effective bandwidth characterization: users are allowed in the system if and only if the sum of their effective bandwidths is less than the processing gain of the system. The effective bandwidth of each user is a simple monotonic function of its QoS requirement. We identify the optimal signature sequences and power control strategies so that the users meet their QoS requirement. The optimality is in the sense of minimizing the sum of allocated powers. It turns out that with this optimal allocation of signature sequences and powers, the linear MMSE receiver is just the corresponding matched filter for each user. We also characterize the effect of transmit power constraints on the user capacity     

The Other-Cell Interference Calculation of Forward Link Channel in Multicode CDMA Systems

This paper analyzes the other-cell interference of forward link channel in multicode CDMA system supporting a voice and data service. In this system, voice communication can be served by a basic code and data service can be supported by multiple codes. Using this analysis, we can get the approximated capacity of forward link. We describe the effect of data user activity and received power level ratio between a data service and a voice service. Also, this paper describes the forward link capacity and the power ratio of data power to voice power according to the change of FER threshold for data service.     

Improved Method of Contention-Based Random Access in LTE System

Random access is the necessary process to establish the wireless link between the user equipment (UE) and network. The performance of the random access directly affects the performance of the network. In this work, we propose a method on the basis of the existing alternatives. In this method, we estimate the system load in advance to adjust the number of terminals. An access threshold is set to control the number of terminals which want to access the base station at an acceptable level. At the same time, we have an improvement on the existing power climbing strategy. We suppose that the power ramping is not always necessary for the re-access. And the selection of power ramping steps is studied in this paper. Simulations based on MATLAB are employed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed solution and to make comparisons with existing alternatives.     

多用户检测CDMA系统的阻塞度量和控制

本文讨论了ＣＤＭＡ系统在多用户检测和单用户检测两种情况下系统的阻塞度量和控制问题,并给出了相应的用户功率平衡方程和小区干扰平衡方程。本文证明两种平衡方程有相同的阻塞因子,但干扰平衡方程和维数与系统内小区数相等,并远小于用户功率平衡方程的维数即系统用户数,因而降低了计算复杂度。理论和模拟结果表明多用户检测系统中平衡方程有更小的阻塞因子,因而相对应的迭代算法能很快收敛,并且系统的阻塞率得到降低。     

主用户活跃性下的多功率分配策略

考虑到认知用户在信息传输过程中主用户的状态可能随时变化,提出了一种新的功率分配模式——多功率分配策略。在基于频谱感知的系统模型中,以认知系统的吞吐量为目标函数,得出了主用户感知过程的多种状态,并分配三种不同的功率,最大化认知系统的容量。仿真结果表明,随着主用户活跃指数的逐渐提高,所提新模型的功率分配策略要优于传统方法。同时分析了新的功率分配下平均干扰功率与主用户接收端的信噪比对系统吞吐量和最优感知时间的影响,进一步验证了所提出新策略的有效性。 〖HT5H〗关键词：〖HT5K〗认知无线电;主用户活跃;频谱感知分配;多功率分配;吞吐量最大化     

D2D通信中联合链路共享与功率分配算法研究

针对D2D （Device-to-Device,D2D）通信过程中的资源分配问题,提出一种联合链路共享和功率分配算法.在保证系统内蜂窝用户服务质量（Quality of Service,QoS）需求的前提下,利用系统的信道状态信息,为D2D用户生成一个由蜂窝用户组成的通信链路的候选集合;在通信链路候选集合内使用凸优化方法得到D2D用户最优功率分配策略;最后利用（Kuhn-Munkres,KM）算法求解最大加权二部图匹配（Maximum Weight Bipartite Matching,MWBM）问题,为D2D用户选择最优的蜂窝用户进行资源共享.仿真结果表明该算法能有效的提升通信网络的吞吐量,可以为D2D用户选择最优的资源分配策略.     

Outer loop power control in CDMA satellite systems with on-board power constraints

This paper aims at clarifying the role of the outer loop power control for CDMA satellite systems with on-board power constraints. If the inner loop of the power control is perfect, the channel turns into a AWGN channel and there is no need of the outer loop. In satellite CDMA systems, due to the longer propagation delay with respect to a terrestrial system, the inner loop of power control is only partly able to track power variations due to fast fading. Moreover, the Rice factor, which characterizes the channel statistics, can widely vary even if the user does not move but just because of the change of the elevation angle. Because of that, a wide range of target SNIR (and larger than in typical terrestrial systems) may be necessary to get the same BER performance. Therefore, the outer loop power control turns out to be essential to minimize the dynamic of the power link margins and avoid capacity degradations induced by the systematic use of static link margins. A semi-analytical model for the capacity evaluation has been developed, which is specifically intended for the power-limited satellite-to-mobile link with multi satellite reception. We found that the capacity gain with respect to a pure SNIR-based strategy (i.e., only inner loop) can reach the 40% of the total capacity in a single reception scheme. A smaller, but still noticeable capacity gain of the order of 20 - 30% is observed in presence of satellite diversity. Therefore, any dimensioning of CDMA satellite systems should not neglect this component of the power control.     

衰落余量对cdma2000 1x前向链路发射功率和容量的影响

衰落余量决定链路可靠性并影响信道发射功率和用户容量的数值。本就衰落余量对cdma2000lx系统前向链路发射功率和渐近容量的影响进行了深入分析，首先介绍衰落余量概念，提出了cdma2000lx系统前向链路的发射功率和渐近容量表达式，然后通过仿真实验和数值计算给出一定条件下cdma2000lx系统前向链路的业务与导频SNR之间存在的对应关系，最后利用公式与仿真数据研究了衰落余量对前向总发射功率和渐近容量的影响。研究结果表明，cdma2000lx系统的前向总发射功率和渐近容量对衰落余量的大小十分敏感，衰落余量每增加ldB，都会引起总发射功率大幅上升，而渐近容量则迅速下降。     

Power imbalance effects on packet CDMA

This paper presents an analysis of packet code-division multiple-access (CDMA) with single user receivers and power level variations. The power level variations are due to imperfect power control. The teletraffic is modeled as an M/G/∞ queueing system. Average error rates and outage probabilities that a user sees are evaluated for a single cell CDMA system. The effects of power level variations are investigated using a combination of an approximation and an upper bound, and the loss in traffic capacity is evaluated. Numerical results for CDMA systems with different processing gains and coding gains are presented. It is shown that imperfect power control reduces significantly the CDMA teletraffic capacity, and much has to be gained by improving the power control schemes. The methods and results of this work could be used for quantifying the required accuracy of power control in CDMA and for evaluation of the capacity loss due to power control errors     

逆变电源并联技术控制策略综述

逆变电源并联控制技术,不仅能够提高系统的容量,而且可以大大提到系统的可靠性,是实现模块化、高可靠性冗余逆变电源系统的基础。本文简要回顾了逆变电源并联技术发展过程中出现的不同控制策略和拓扑结构,包括主从控制（MSC）;中点控制（CMC）;循环链式控制（30）;基于功率均分控制和基于分散逻辑的控制策略,并对各自的特点进行了...     

Hot spot relief with embedded beam for CDMA systems in haps

This paper proposes a novel micro/macro beam coverage scheme used in High Altitude Platform System （HAPS） Code Division Multiple Access （CDMA） systems. A relief of traffic burden in hot spot areas is achieved by embedding micro-beams into the macro-beams at the hot spot locations, together with appropriate power ratio control and user ratio control. The simulation results show that the hot spot problem can be relieved efficiently with the presented configuration, and a higher and more stable system capacity is expectable despite the variation of user distribution.     

Opportunistic power allocation strategies and fair subcarrier allocation in OFDM-based cognitive radio networks

In this paper we have studied the subcarrier and optimal power allocation strategy for OFDM-based cognitive radio (CR) networks. Firstly, in order to protect the primary user communication from the interference of the cognitive user transmissions in fading wireless channels, we design an opportunistic power control scheme to maximize the cognitive user capacity without degrading primary user’s QoS. The mathematical optimization problem is formulated as maximizing the capacity of the secondary users under the interference constraint at the primary receiver and the Lagrange method is applied to obtain the optimal solution. Secondly, in order to limit the outage probability within primary user’s tolerable range we analyze the outage probability of the primary user with respect to the interference power of the secondary user for imperfect CSI. Finally, in order to get the better tradeoff between fairness and system capacity in cognitive radio networks, we proposed an optimal algorithm of jointing subcarrier and power allocation scheme among multiple secondary users in OFDM-based cognitive radio networks. Simulation results demonstrate that our scheme can improve the capacity performance and efficiently guarantee the fairness of secondary users.     

DF协作中继网络基于买者/卖者博弈的中继选择和功率分配策略

该文针对采用解码-转发(DF)协议的协作中继网络,提出了一种基于买者-卖者博弈的中继选择和功率分配策略,通过将用户建模为买者,可以以最大效用为标准选择最优中继和确定最佳的购买功率;将中继建模为卖者,可通过先市场后利润的功率价格调整策略获得最大的利润。分析了两者博弈达到平衡的条件并进行了仿真,结果验证了纳什均衡点的存在并表明,该策略计算量少,收敛速度快,实用性强,在兼顾用户和中继节点的利益的同时可以有效提高用户的传输速率,扩大基站的覆盖范围,提高功率利用效率。     

MIMO系统中的交叉优化调度算法

多入多出(MIMO)系统中在多用户环境下可以在链路级利用空间复用或者在系统级利用多用户调度来提高系统容量。但是仅仅是分别优化MIMO系统链路级性能或是仅仅单纯在系统级进行调度是不够的,将两者联合起来进行优化可以获得更大的系统容量。为此,该文提出了一种新的交叉优化调度算法(Cross Optimization Scheduling Algorithm, COSA),将系统级的调度策略和链路级的物理层优化相结合,并且采用注水算法动态调整各天线的功率分配。仿真结果表明COSA算法不但在系统级为每个用户提供了公平的接入信道机会,而且在链路级中充分利用MIMO系统的空间复用特点以及动态的功率分配,提高了系统的容量。     

关于CDMA蜂窝系统中功率控制的分析

本文就ＣＤＭＡ蜂窝系统中的功率控制问题进行了讨论,其中包括功率控制误差的考虑以及功率控制源的选择,在以往的分析中,常常只考虑基于距离的功率,选择,本文引入了对实际环境下基于导频功率的选择考虑,给出了两种方法的比较,数值计算结果显示后者在系统容量上有一定的改善。     

3G系统中AMR语音业务的链路配置和模式切换的研究

本文针对3G系统中自适应多比特率(AMR)语音业务的各种语音编码模式,设计了采用Turbo码的不等保护信道编码为基础的链路配置方案.为了研究AMR的链路适配,提出了针对3G系统多业务、多接入速率特征的不等功率分配策略,并在此基础上分析了AMR的不同编码模式对小区的接入容量的影响.基于链路级的仿真和对系统容量的分析,本文归纳了3G系统中AMR语音业务的链路配置和模式切换准则,对实际系统中的无线资源管理具有参考价值.     

D2D/蜂窝通信模式切换与联合功率控制方案

设备直连（Device-to-Device, D2D）通信技术通过复用蜂窝系统的频谱资源提高频谱利用率,但D2D的引入会给蜂窝系统带来干扰。如何合理地选择D2D/蜂窝通信模式并进行功率优化控制,成为减小D2D和蜂窝系统间干扰、提升网络性能的关键。本文考虑D2D用户复用蜂窝上行链路场景,提出了一种基于距离和联合功率控制的通信模式选择方案。在该方案中,D2D用户和蜂窝用户与基站距离的比值决定了D2D用户是否采用Underlay模式进行通信,进而在约束蜂窝用户和D2D用户发射功率的条件下实现D2D链路和蜂窝链路的联合功率控制,最终推导出能够最大化系统总吞吐量的最优用户功率分配方案。根据仿真结果,本文提出的联合功率控制方案能够在降低系统间干扰的同时有效提高D2D和蜂窝系统的总吞吐量,进而提高了系统的性能。      

CDMA蜂窝系统中基于模糊神经网络的反向链路功率控制

CDMA是一个干扰受限系统,反向链路功率控制对于克服“远近效应”和增加系统容量是非常重要的.本文提出了一种基于模糊神经网络(FNN)的自适应闭环功率控制算法,该算法动态地调整功率控制增量,使基站接收到的每个用户的发射功率相等.仿真结果表明,由于模糊神经网络能够较好地识别反向链路的时变特性,FNN功率控制算法比传统的固定步长功率控制方法取得了更好的控制性能和更大的系统容量.而且,FNN能够通过神经网络训练自动地调整隶属度函数和模糊规则,从而适合于实现在线系统识别和自适应控制.     

一种基于计费的WCDMA功率控制方法

在第三代移动通信系统中,为了有效地提高系统容量和通信质量,需要对无线资源如发射功率作合理的动态分配。该文通过研究 WCDMA系统中上行链路的干扰情况,推导得出 WCDMA系统的容量与业务性能指标的关系。通过定义网络资源份额,将功率控制问题转换为总量小于1的网络资源份额的分配问题。然后利用统一价格拍卖对网络资源份额进行最优配置,使得发射功率这一重要无线资源合理地分配给对其评价最高的用户业务。最后给出了上述算法的数值仿真。     

直驱永磁同步风力发电系统控制技术综述

本文对风力机的建模及其特性模拟的方法进行了分析,结合直驱永磁同步风力发电系统的拓扑结构,重点分析和比较了机组的最优功率输出控制技术以及变换器的控制策略,并阐述了机组在低电压穿越时的控制方案,最后根据风电场接入电网后对电网的影响,探讨了几种提高电能质量和电网稳定性的措施。