纳米粒子材料的表面改性及其应用研究进展

在简单介绍纳米粒子团聚原因的基础上,着重讨论了纳米粒子表面物理和化学改性方法的研究进展.最后,介绍了改性纳米粒子在涂料、塑料、橡胶以及其它领域中的一些最新应用.     

纳米SiC改性酚醛树脂的热稳定性

用超声波对纳米SiC进行物理分散,用偶联剂对其进行表面化学改性,以获得纳米粒子分散良好、界面结合良好的纳米SiC改性酚醛树脂;根据改性酚醛树脂的DTA-TG试验结果分析其热稳定性。结果表明:纳米SiC改性酚醛树脂较纯酚醛树脂的热稳定性要好,其中SiC纳米粒子含量为树脂的5%的改性酚醛树脂S05的热稳定性提高最大;经表面改性的SiC纳米粒子改性酚醛树脂S05较未进行表面改性的SiC纳米粒子改性酚醛树脂S05G的热稳定性提高要大。     

纳米粒子的表面聚合物接枝改性

综述了纳米粒子与高分子聚合物复合的优点及不足,分析引起不足的原因,指出纳米粒子表面改性的重要性。同时在比较纳米粒子几种表面改性方法的基础上指出化学接枝改性的优越性,分析各种化学接枝改性方法及其有关的修饰机理和几种常用的表征方法。     

KH-570对纳米氧化锌表面接枝改性研究

利用硅烷偶联剂（KH-570）对纳米氧化锌粉体进行超声表面改性，采用红外光谱（FT-IR）、热分析（TG-DSC）、透射电镜（TEM）、粘度、索式提取和活化指数实验等分析手段对表面改性前后的纳米ZnO进行了表征。实验结果表明，KH-570与粉体之间既有物理包覆，又有化学包覆。经KH-570改性的纳米ZnO由亲水性变为亲油性，且粒子分布更加均匀。     

纳米粒子表面改性研究

由于纳米粒子易团聚,对其进行表面改性是很必要的。本文综述了纳米粒子表面改性的主要方法,介绍了国内外表面改性的一些实例,并对纳米粒子表面改性的一些新发展和应用前景作了说明。     

纳米粉体表面改性技术及应用

纳米粒子易严重团聚 ,为了有效使用纳米粉体 ,纳米粉体表面改性成为纳米粉体研究的重要内容。文中论述了纳米粒子的表面改性机理、表面改性剂、表面改性方法和改性的应用。     

表面改性纳米粒子在摩擦学领域的应用

概述了无机纳米粒子表面改性的必要性，讨论了纳米粒子的表面改性方法。在此基础上阐述了改性后的纳米粒子在摩擦学领域的研究进展，最后简述了可以适用的纳米粒子种类，指出了纳米粒子改性存在的几点问题。     

无机纳米粒子增韧改性不饱和聚酯树脂的研究进展

综述了近年来各种无机纳米粒子对不饱和聚酯树脂( UPR)增韧改性的研究现状.重点介绍了无机纳米粒子用量、粒子尺寸、表面改性处理等因素对改性UPR性能的影响.阐述了纳米粒子增韧增强UPR的机理.指出无机纳米粒子改性UPR中存在的问题和可能的发展方向.     

一种抗紫外自清洁纳米涂料的制备及应用

采用硅烷偶联剂对纳米粒子(粒径30nm的TiO2、SiO2、ZnO)进行表面改性,并将改性后的纳米粒子用于氟碳涂料中,得到抗紫外自清洁纳米改性涂料。利用透射电镜TEM及沉降实验对纳米粒子的改性效果进行了表征,得到结果:改性后纳米粒子能均匀地分散到甲苯等有机溶剂中。通过紫外分光光度计和接触角测量仪分别对改性后的涂膜对紫外光的吸收及表面疏水的自清洁性能进行了表征,结果表明,改性后的涂膜能有效地吸收大气中的紫外光,并且测得纳米改性的涂膜比未改性的涂膜接触角明显增大,有较好的表面疏水自清洁功效。     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯对纳米SiO2的表面接枝聚合改性研究

将经过硅烷化处理的偶联剂γ-MPS接枝到纳米SiO2表面,然后在引发剂AIBN的作用下引发单体MMA发生自由基聚合包覆.利用FTIR、TG、CA(接触角)以及TEM等手段分别表征了改性工艺条件对粒子改性前后化学组成结构、接枝率、表面亲水性以及形貌等的影响.系统研究了单体用量、引发剂用量以及反应时间对SiO2/γ-MPS/PM-MA纳米复合粒子接枝改性效果的影响.结果表明,经过PMMA接枝包覆制得了高接枝率的复合粒子,并大大改善了纳米粒子的分散性.     

Structural and Magnetic Analyses of Magnetic Nanoparticles Coated with Oleate Molecules

Physical and chemical properties of the magnetic nanoparticles coated with oleate have been investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Mossbauer spectroscopy, superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry, infrared spectra (IR) and the contact angle device. The results show that doped Al ions in Fe3O4 nanoparticles are located on the octahedral sites of the spinel structure. Oleate is coated on the magnetic nanoparticles with two layers by chemical absorbing, the outer layer can be washed away. The wetting of the surface of magnetic nanoparticles coated with monolayer has been changed from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity, and the nanoparticles can be dispersed very well in some organic solutions.     

碳纤维表面改性及其对碳纤维/树脂界面影响的研究进展

碳纤维具有优异的性能,常用于树脂基体的增强。然而,碳纤维表面具有疏水性和化学惰性,导致其与树脂基体间的界面粘结性较差,因此,有必要对碳纤维进行表面改性。综述了近几年国内外碳纤维表面改性方法的研究进展,以及这些改性方法对碳纤维与树脂基体界面性能的影响,并将这些表面改性方法分为湿化学法改性、干法改性、纳米材料改性三大类,具体的改性方法包括上浆剂改性、等离子体改性、纳米粒子改性等,并对纳米材料改性作了较详细的介绍,希望能为碳纤维表面改性提供一些帮助。     

壳聚糖修饰银纳米颗粒的制备及抗菌性能研究

采用液相化学还原法,以壳聚糖为修饰剂,硼氢化钠为还原剂,制备了壳聚糖修饰银纳米颗粒(chitosan-Ag NPs)。通过X射线粉末衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪等对所制备样品的结构和形貌进行了表征。结果表明,所制备纳米颗粒具有面心立方Ag的晶型结构,壳聚糖通过氨基和羟基中的N、O原子与Ag+的化学键合作用修饰在纳米颗粒表面,起到了限制颗粒粒径长大和防止其团聚的作用。采用肉汤连续稀释法检测了样品对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌杀菌性能,结果表明chitosan-Ag NPs具有优异的抗菌性,抗菌性能受到粒径大小的影响。     

碳纤维表面改性最新研究进展

概述了国内外关于碳纤维(CF)电化学氧化、等离子体处理、气液双效法、偶联剂涂层、表面电聚合、溶胶-凝胶法、化学接枝法等表面改性技术的最新研究进展,讨论了几种改性方法的优缺点和实用性,并着重介绍了利用电子束辐射改性CF的最新进展,希望能为改性CF提供一些新的思路。     

Electrical and thermophysical properties of epoxy/aluminum nitride nanocomposites: Effects of nanoparticle surface modification

The traditional epoxy resin used for electrical and electronic industry has a poor thermal conductivity and no longer meets the increasingly cooling requirements of electric equipments and electronic devices. Ceramic nanoparticles with high thermal conductivity and low dielectric constant represent good candidates to improve the thermophysical properties of epoxy resin. This paper reports the effects of surface modification of AlN nanoparticles on morphology, glass transition, electrical property and thermal conductivity of the epoxy composites. Gamma-aminopropyl triethoxysilane was used as a silane coupling agent for the surface modification of the AlN nanoparticles. It was found that the surface modification of the nanoparticles not only improved the dispersion of the nanoparticles, but also showed an enhancement in electrical and thermophysical properties of the epoxy composites. The surface modification technology presented a strategy to prepare nanocomposites having high thermal conductivity simultaneously with low dielectric loss.     

Influence of surface modification by 2-aminothiophenol on optoelectronics properties of ZnO nanoparticles

In this study, a precipitation method was used to synthesise ZnO nanoparticles using suitable precursors. An efficient surface modification method was proposed in order to reduce the agglomeration among synthesised small sized ZnO nanoparticles using 2-aminothiophenol as a capping agent. This article briefly investigated the effects of capping agent like 2-aminothiophenol on the optoelectronic properties of ZnO nanoparticles. The modified effectivity of 2-aminothiophenol has been examined on the nanosized ZnO nanoparticle for fluorescence and UV–visible (UV–vis) studies. The mechanism was studied for ZnO nanoparticles light emitting capability under different conditions. By facilitating the capping of ZnO with 2-aminothiophenol, fluorescence emission of the surface defects vanishes and ultraviolet (UV) emission increases. Surface capping by 2-aminothiophenol effectively covers most of the surface defects of ZnO and results in quenching of the visible region. The UV–vis absorption spectra of modified ZnO nanoparticles has been influenced by modified ZnO nanoparticles as a result of surface modification; where marked blue shift in absorption edge results. By surface modification of ZnO nanoparticles, change in optoelectronics properties has opened the new scope and possibilities to explore and fine tune the optical character of the modified ZnO for various optoelectronics applications such as UV laser.     

Surface modification and characterization for dispersion stability of inorganic nanometer-scaled particles in liquid media

Abstract

Inorganic nanoparticles are indispensable for science and technology as materials, pigments and cosmetics products. Improving the dispersion stability of nanoparticles in various liquids is essential for those applications. In this review, we discuss why it is difficult to control the stability of nanoparticles in liquids. We also overview the role of surface interaction between nanoparticles in their dispersion and characterization, e.g. by colloid probe atomic force microscopy (CP-AFM). Two types of surface modification concepts, post-synthesis and in situ modification, were investigated in many previous studies. Here, we focus on post-synthesis modification using adsorption of various kinds of polymer dispersants and surfactants on the particle surface, as well as surface chemical reactions of silane coupling agents. We discuss CP-AFM as a technique to analyze the surface interaction between nanoparticles and the effect of surface modification on the nanoparticle dispersion in liquids.     

油酸修饰对纳米二氧化钛在变压器油中分散性的影响

利用油酸对纳米二氧化钛进行有机表面修饰, 将修饰后的纳米粉体超声分散到变压器油中制备纳米二氧化钛改性变压器油, 研究了表面修饰对纳米二氧化钛在变压器油中分散性的影响. 采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和热分析(TG)对纳米二氧化钛的形貌、结构和表面修饰状态进行表征。结果表明, 油酸与纳米二氧化钛表面以双齿桥连配位方式键合, 在纳米二氧化钛表面形成了良好的修饰层。随着修饰剂的增加, 尽管油酸在纳米二氧化钛表面的配位方式没有发生改变, 但化学包覆量明显增加, 表面油酸分子的排列也更为紧密, 从而使纳米二氧化钛粒子在变压器油中的分散性和稳定性显著提高。当钛盐与油酸摩尔比为1:24时, 二氧化钛纳米粒子可以稳定分散在变压器油中, 室温静置30 d后仍保持澄清透明。     

Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒的合成与接枝聚合修饰（英文）

以氨水作为沉淀剂并控制溶液的pH值,采用Fe3+和Fe2+共沉淀法制得了磁性四氧化三铁纳米颗粒。合成的磁性纳米颗粒通过高分辨透射电镜、X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪进行了表征。四氧化三铁纳米颗粒的粒径约为10nm,其表面含有丰富的羟基。为了增强磁性四氧化三铁纳米颗粒和聚合物基质之间的相互作用,在纳米颗粒的表面接枝上乙烯基单体。傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和热重分析仪的测试结果显示,聚合物链共价结合在纳米颗粒表面。表面接枝聚合后,四氧化三铁纳米颗粒由极性转变为非极性。