DNP炸药冲击Hugoniot关系实验研究

新型高能熔铸基体炸药3,4-二硝基吡唑(DNP)的冲击Hugoniot关系,是探讨其冲击起爆特性的基础,采用压力对比法,经平面波发生器加载,用锰铜压阻计测量了压力为3.7～14.4 GPa范围内九组不同冲击波压力下DNP炸药和LY12铝样品的冲击波波后压力,计算得到不同压力下的冲击波波速D和粒子速度u,拟合得到了压力为3.7～14.4 GPa范围内DNP炸药的D-u关系.结果表明,DNP炸药压力为3.7～14.4 GPa范围内的冲击Hugoniot关系可近似为一条在D-u平面内的直线,确定了DNP炸药冲击波作用下的波后状态.分析了用聚四氟乙烯封装锰铜压阻计对实验测试结果的影响,通过对测试信号的理论分析和合理判读有效消除了封装带来的系统误差.     

平面冲击波在有机玻璃中的衰减测试及数值模拟

针对冲击波在材料中的衰减规律研究,利用平面波透镜驱动炸药加载,采用聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）薄膜压力传感器获得了冲击波在有机玻璃中的冲击压力数据。通过对平面波透镜高低爆速炸药的合理建模,以及对大变形炸药网格溢出柱壳翻转造成计算终止现象进行了简化处理,对该实验进行了数值模拟。数值模拟计算和实验结果对比分析表明,经过50 mm厚的有机玻璃后,冲击波从7.4 GPa衰减到4.02 GPa,衰减了45.7%. 研究结果为冲击波在有机玻璃内的衰减提供了实验数据;同时给出了PVDF薄膜压力传感器安装过程中的注意事项。     

一种基于量测伪距的EKF移动长基线AUV协同导航方法

在移动长基线(MLBL)定位中,由于水声信号在水中传播速度较慢,以及被定位AUV的白身运动,导致AUV与不同浮标的距离是在不同时间不同位置测量产生的,所以应用移动长基线会产生一定的时间延迟定位误差.本文针对该定位误差,提出了一种基于量测伪距的EKF移动长基线时间延迟算法,该算法利用扩展Kalman滤波,通过对AUV的位置状态的前推,重构了系统的量测方程,实现了量测方程同系统的量测量在时间上的一致性,有效地解决了时间延迟产生的误差.理论分析与仿真结果均表明,该方法可以显著提高导航定位精度.     

界面粒子速度法评估雷管输出压力

雷管输出压力是表征其输出特性的主要指标之一。采用界面粒子速度测量实验,结合阻抗匹配计算方法,建立了一种可靠的冲击片雷管输出压力评估方法。设计了三种二级装药结构的冲击片雷管,一级装药为六硝基茋（HNS-Ⅳ）,二级装药为以黑索今为基的高聚物黏结炸药（PBX-RDX）,每种雷管的总装药量不变,但是装药比例不同。采用光子多普勒测速仪（PDV）测量了三种冲击片雷管与光学窗口的界面粒子速度,阻抗匹配计算结果表明,雷管输出压力分别为7.64,7.29 GPa和6.71 GPa。PBX-RDX配比对雷管输出压力有一定影响,PBX-RDX配比降低,雷管输出压力也随之降低。采用数值模拟计算,计算了三种冲击片雷管的输出压力,计算结果分别为7.7,7.1 GPa和6.4 GPa,实验值与计算值相比,误差小于6.5%,验证了界面粒子速度法评估雷管输出压力的有效性。雷管底壳材料对雷管输出压力有重要影响,雷管底壳的冲击阻抗越低,雷管输出压力越高,不锈钢底壳对雷管输出压力有明显的削峰作用。     

弹链设计参数协调分析法研究

本文以自动机、炮弹和弹链整个系统为研究对象,提出了弹链设计参数协调分析法基本理论和基本方程,并结合实例介绍了该理论方法在自动机弹链设计中的应用.     

LY12铝合金在冲击绝热压缩下的泊松比

对泊松比的意义进行讨论,给出了单轴应变加载下线弹性区的泊松比与纵向应力和横向应力的关系,以及准弹性区的泊松比与声速的关系。通过实验测量LY12铝合金在冲击压缩下的纵波和体波声速,计算在20~131 GPa冲击压力范围内的泊松比。实验结果表明：LY12铝合金在发生冲击熔化前泊松比基本保持为常数,约为0.32左右;发生冲击熔化后混合相区的泊松比快速增加;当接近完全熔化时泊松比趋于理论极限值0.5. 泊松比测量为确定金属的冲击熔化压力区间提供了一种有用的方法。     

玻纤增强复合材料冲击Hugoniot参数实验研究

在单级轻气炮上,对一种玻纤增强复合材料的冲击Hugoniot参数进行了实验研究。最高撞击速度为520 m/s,相应在靶中得到的最高撞击压力为2.815 GPa.压力测试采用锰铜计,PVDF产生的压电信号用于判读激波速度。由实验结果拟合得到了玻纤增强复合材料的Hugoniot线性关系和Grüneisen系数。     

HTPB在高应变率斜波加载下的动力学响应

利用磁驱动斜波压缩加载实验技术,开展了以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)为固化剂的端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)样品在斜波加载下的动力学响应实验研究,实验峰值压力1.2 GPa。实验利用激光干涉测速技术获得了三种不同厚度的HTPB样品在斜波压缩加载下的速度响应曲线。对实验结果进行Lagrange数据分析处理,得到了HTPB样品的声速-粒子速度曲线和应力-比容关系。基于该应力-比容关系和实验获得的加载压力历史曲线,对斜波压缩实验进行了一维流体动力学模拟计算验证,模拟计算很好地再现了HTPB样品在斜波压缩加载下的动力学响应实验结果。研究结果显示,0~1.2 GPa压力范围内,HTPB样品的拉格朗日声速表现为线性行为,实验的应变率为2×10~5~1×10~6s~(-1),随着样品厚度增加,加载应变率随之增加,实验结果未见明显应变率效应,与文献冲击加载实验结论一致。     

HMX基PBX炸药的等熵压缩实验研究

利用磁驱动准等熵压缩加载实验技术,研究了某奥克托今(HMX)基高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)未反应固体炸药峰值压力8 GPa内的动力学响应特点。实验在保持多样品加载压力历史一致的前提下,同时加载多个不同厚度实验样品,用激光干涉测速方法获得了样品的速度响应历史曲线,对实验数据进行了Lagrange分析处理,获得了该PBX炸药样品8 GPa内的准等熵压缩线,多发实验获得的准等熵压缩线在该压力范围内一致,基于该状态方程的拟合参数对实验结果进行了流体动力学计算,计算结果与实验结果吻合较好。     

筒形件旋压力Thamasett算法参数修正及仿真

通过对不同材料筒形件的大量旋压工艺实验,利用电测法对其旋压力进行求取,并与Thamasett算法对旋压力的计算结果进行对比,发现旋轮的径向、轴向和切向旋压力计算的偏差规律,修正了该算法的参数,使该算法的计算结果克服了由于忽略旋轮前金属堆积而造成的较大误差。以修正参数后的算法为基础,利用hypermesh和ansys建立模型进行仿真实验,其旋轮所受旋压力的仿真结果与工艺实验电测法所测得的结果基本一致。该仿真所求得的旋轮旋压力误差在8%以内,较Thamasett算法求得的旋压力最大15%以上的误差有明显改善。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.     

Experimental Research on Output Performances of Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator

The paper introduces the performances of magnetostrictive actuators and its applications, discusses the design methods for the structure and internal magnetic circuit of a giant magnetostrictive actuator, and makes tests on the output displacement and force characteristics for an actuator using homemade magnetostrictive material. The experimental result shows that the actuator has satisfactory output precisions and ranges in transient and stable states, and can be used in lowfrequency vibration control system of precise equipment.     

Robust Graded Sliding Mode Tracking Control for Low Speed Spinning Ballistic Missiles

The nonlinear dynamic model of spinning ballistic missiles is established during the first boosting phase of the missile. Based on the conventional backstepping sliding mode control and the assumption of a two time-scale separation of missile dynamics, a graded sliding mode controller is designed with two sub-sliding surfaces which have invariability to external disturbances and parameter perturbations, and a matrix which comprises three first order low pass filters is introduced to prevent ＂explosion of terms＂. Owing to the upper bounds of the uncertainties are difficult to obtain in advance, adaptive laws are introduced to estimate the values of the uncertainties in real-time. Eventually, the numerical simulation results given to show the proposed controller can ensure the steady flight of missiles.