移动机器人的同时定位与地图创建的算法研究

移动机器人的同时定位与地图创建是当前机器人领域研究的基本问题与热点,也是实现智能机器人实现自主导航和控制决策的关键。本文从基于贝叶斯滤波器模型和基于图优化平滑模型两个方面对移动机器人同时定位与地图创建(SLAM)的研究进行了综述,介绍了这两种模型的基本框架以及关键技术,阐述了模型的各种不同实现形式,分析了这些算法的性能,并探讨了这些算法的优缺点以及相关难点的解决思路。最后对基于滤波器模型和基于平滑模型的同时定位与地图创建的未来发展进行展望。     

移动送料机器人地图构建与运动控制研究

移动机器人的地图构建与运动控制是智能移动机器人进行自主导航的基础。针对工业装配生产线的不同工位需要送料的需求,本文以一台轮式差速移动送料机器人为研究对象,利用激光雷达作为传感器,搭建一个装配生产线,设计、实现了基于ROS的移动送料机器人的地图构建与运动控制策略。利用slamgmapping算法包,实现了机器人在特定装配生产线环境下的同时定位与地图构建;在主程序代码中利用状态机的机制,实现了机器人到达指定工位的运动控制。实验结果表明,该算法和运动控制策略可以满足在所搭建的装配生产线中进行定位和运行。     

移动机器人同时定位与地图构建技术研究

移动机器人同时定位与地图创建（SLAM）是实现未知环境下机器人自主导航的关键性技术,具有广泛的应用前景,也是目前机器人研究的热门课题之一。本文针对近年来关于移动机器人同时定位与地图创建的研究工作进行了总结和分析,重点介绍了移动机器人SLAM的问题描述、关键性技术、SLAM方法的发展现状及存在的不足。     

智能移动机器人同步定位与地图构建算法研究

以移动机器人的同步定位与地图构建（SLAM）算法为研究对象,介绍了机器人同步定位与地图构建的原理,并对现有SLAM算法进行深入研究。对现有的SLAM算法进行改进,提出基于平方根UKF的SLAM算法,仿真结果表明,新算法达到提高SLAM算法的稳定性,减少算法运算复杂度并得到较高的估计精度的目的。     

基于ORB词袋模型的SLAM回环检测研究

即时定位与地图构建(SLAM)是解决移动机器人在未知非结构化环境中自主导航与控制的关键,一个完整的SLAM系统包括传感器数据处理、位姿估计、构建地图、回环检测四个部分。其中回环检测机制是解决移动机器人的闭环重定位,提高SLAM系统鲁棒性的重要环节。该研究提出一种基于ORB词袋模型的SLAM系统框架,通过研究与分析了使用FLANN算法选取关键帧与匹配帧间特征点,ORB特征描述子对检测速度的提高,通过k-means++算法对特征点进行训练生成含有视觉单词的词袋模型,使用高斯金字塔的直方图交叉核的SVM分类器,使用e PNP算法的增量式帧间位姿估计,回环检测重定位机制等环节,实现了单目视觉SLAM系统的初始化与位姿优化,实现了在丢帧状况下通过词袋模型进行重定位。最后通过搭建实验平台和标准数据集的测试得到的数据结果表明,基于ORB词袋模型的SLAM系统,具有良好的实时性,能够有效提高SLAM系统的重定位准确性,增强了系统的鲁棒性。     

基于多传感器信息融合的智能轮椅SLAM研究

0 引言 近年来,关于自主移动机器人导航过程中SLAM方法的研究得到了快速的发展,定位与地图创建方法的实现和应用为机器人的自主导航与避障提供了可靠的依据。     

基于特征地图的移动机器人全局定位与自主泊位方法

 提出一种新的移动机器人全局定位与自主泊位方法.该方法分为两阶段：离线阶段,采用SIFT(Scale Invariant Feature Transform)算法并提出一种基于DD BBF(Double Direction Best Bin First)的特征匹配方法实现视觉特征三维重建;将进化策略应用于Rao Blackwellized粒子滤波器,并结合自适应重采样,实现了移动机器人同时定位和特征地图创建.在线阶段,采用基于HMM(Hidden Markov Model)的方法实现全局泊位位置识别;采用RANSAC算法实现全局度量定位;提出极点伺服控制方法,实现机器人精确自主泊位.在室内环境下的实验结果证实了该方法的优良性能.     

基于视觉的SLAM技术发展及其研究分析

基于视觉的同时定位与地图构建(VSLAM)是自主移动机器人导航的关键技术。VSLAM自2004年出现以来各种不同算法层出不穷。文中对其进行了梳理并对其中的主要算法做了分类介绍,最后又对其中每一个模块做了横向对比以求从细节层面加深对算法的理解,进一步明确未来的发展方向。     

基于激光传感器的移动机器人地图创建研究

主要研究了室内自主移动机器人基于激光传感器在未知环境下的地图创建的问题。分析了目前地图创建的方法,采用一种分层聚类的方法从原始激光测量数据中提取直线特征,并计算直线特征参数的方差矩阵,最后通过Matlab仿真以及在带有激光型号为lms200的MT-r机器人进行物理实验验证了其可行性。结果所得为机器人实时定位和SLAM提供了理论依据。     

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波器的移动机器人SLAM研究

文中阐述一种移动机器人SLAM问题的解决方法,首先利用激光测距仪得到环境中障碍物的监测图表,然后增量的构建全局地图。利用扩展卡尔曼滤波器（EKF）创建移动机器人定位计算的有界估量;最后通过仿真和物理实验验证了该方法的正确性。可为解决机器人在未知环境下的地图创建与定位问题提供理论依据,具有实际意义。     

Illumination robust image transformations for feature-based SLAM using photometric and feature matches loss

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) technology becomes more and more important in robot localization. The purpose of this paper is to improve the robustness of visual features to lighting changes and increase the recall rate of map re-localization under different lighting environments by optimizing the image transformation model. An image transformation method based on matches and photometric error (name the method as MPT) is proposed in this paper, and it is seamlessly integrated into the pre-processing stage of the feature-based visual SLAM framework. The results of the experiment show that the MPT method has a better matching effect on different visual features. In addition, the image transformation module encapsulated by a robot operating system (ROS) can be used with multiple visual SLAM systems and improve its re-localization effect under different lighting environments.     

A dynamic detection method to improve SLAM performance

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) technology is a research hotspot in the field of intelligent mobile robot, and many researchers have developed many classic systems in the past few decades. However, most of the existing SLAM methods assume that the environment of the robot is static, which results in the performance of the system being greatly reduced in the dynamic environment. To solve this problem, a new dynamic object detection method based on point cloud motion analysis is proposed and incorporated into ORB-SLAM2. First, the method is regarded as a preprocessing stage, detecting moving objects in the scene, and then removing the moving objects to enhance the performance of the SLAM system. Experiments performed on a public RGB-D dataset show that the motion cancellation method proposed in this paper can effectively improve the performance of ORB-SLAM2 in a highly dynamic environment.     

Onboard dynamic RGB-D simultaneous localization and mapping for mobile robot navigation

Although the actual visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithms provide highly accurate tracking and mapping, most algorithms are too heavy to run live on embedded devices. In addition, the maps they produce are often unsuitable for path planning. To mitigate these issues, we propose a completely closed-loop online dense RGB-D SLAM algorithm targeting autonomous indoor mobile robot navigation tasks. The proposed algorithm runs live on an NVIDIA Jetson board embedded on a two-wheel differential-drive robot. It exhibits lightweight three-dimensional mapping, room-scale consistency, accurate pose tracking, and robustness to moving objects. Further, we introduce a navigation strategy based on the proposed algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed SLAM algorithm, its computational efficiency, and its benefits for on-the-fly navigation while mapping.     

基于激光雷达SLAM的三维点云自适应算法

SLAM(Simultaneously Localization And Mapping)同步定位与地图构建作为移动机器人智能感知的关键技术。但是,大多已有的SLAM方法是在静止环境下实现的,当环境中存在移动频繁的障碍物时,SLAM建图会产生运动畸变,导致机器人无法进行精准的定位导航。同时,激光雷达等三维扫描设备获得的三维点云数据存在着大量的冗余三维数据点,过多的冗余数据不仅浪费大量的存储空间,同时也影响了各种点云处理算法的实时性。针对以上问题,本文提出一种SLAM运动畸变去除方法和一种基于曲率的点云数据分类简化框架。它通过激光插值法优化SLAM运动畸变,将优化后的点云数据分类简化。它能在提高SLAM建图精度,同时也很好的消除三维点云数据中特征不明显区域的冗余数据点,大大提高计算机运行效率。     

Multi‐robot Mapping Using Omnidirectional‐Vision SLAM Based on Fisheye Images

This paper proposes a global mapping algorithm for multiple robots from an omnidirectional‐vision simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) approach based on an object extraction method using Lucas–Kanade optical flow motion detection and images obtained through fisheye lenses mounted on robots. The multi‐robot mapping algorithm draws a global map by using map data obtained from all of the individual robots. Global mapping takes a long time to process because it exchanges map data from individual robots while searching all areas. An omnidirectional image sensor has many advantages for object detection and mapping because it can measure all information around a robot simultaneously. The process calculations of the correction algorithm are improved over existing methods by correcting only the object's feature points. The proposed algorithm has two steps: first, a local map is created based on an omnidirectional‐vision SLAM approach for individual robots. Second, a global map is generated by merging individual maps from multiple robots. The reliability of the proposed mapping algorithm is verified through a comparison of maps based on the proposed algorithm and real maps.     

一种基于PL-ICP及NDT点云匹配的单线激光里程计

近年来随着人工智能的迅速发展,服务机器人在许多领域得到应用。里程计为机器人提供基础位姿信息,是机器人完成SLAM、路径规划及导航等任务的基础。基于PL-ICP及NDT点云匹配算法分别构建两种激光里程计,并基于Kalman滤波的思想对两种里程计信息进行校正融合,构建了一种适用于小场景下的二维单线激光里程计。经实验,该里程计在点云形状较完整的小场景下具有较高的定位精度和较好的鲁棒性。     

Improved Rao-Blackwellized H∞ filter based mobile robot SLAM

For the problems of estimation accuracy, inconsistencies and robustness in mobile robot simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), a novel SLAM based on improved Rao-Blackwellized H∞ particle filter (IRBHF-SLAM) algorithm is proposed. The iterated unscented H∞ filter (IUHF) is utilized to accurately calculate the importance density function, repeatedly correcting the state mean and the covariance matrix by the iterative update method. The laser sensor’s observation information is introduced into sequential importance sampling routine. It can avoid the calculation of Jacobian matrix and linearization error accumulation; meanwhile, the robustness of the algorithm is enhanced. IRBHF-SLAM is compared with FastSLAM2.0 and the unscented FastSLAM (UFastSLAM) under different noises in simulation experiments. Results show the algorithm can improve the estimation accuracy and stability. The improved approach, based on the robot operation system (ROS), runs on the Pioneer3-DX robot equipped with a HOKUYO URG-04LX (URG) laser range finder. Experimental results show the improved algorithm can reduce the required number of particles and the operating time; and create online 2 dimensional (2-D) grid-map with high precision in different environments.     

智能轮椅视觉SLAM仿真系统实现

运用了基于视觉的EKF同时定位与地图创建（SLAM）方法来实现智能轮椅在室内环境下的导航问题。通过对图像的特征提取及匹配、更新确定自身位姿并建立地图。有效准确的特征提取是SLAM实现的必要条件之一。仿真实验显示,所提出的算法可以实现移动机器人的视觉SLAM。