典型表面活性剂对污泥脱水性能的影响研究

研究了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)对焦化污泥脱水性能的影响和作用机理。结果表明,CTAB的加药量为300 mg/L时污泥比阻(SRF)从1.04×10⁽¹¹⁾ s(11) s²/g降至2.76×102/g降至2.76×10⁽¹⁰⁾ s(10) s²/g,抽滤泥饼含水率(W_C)从83.97%降至77.91%;SDBS加药量为600 mg/L时,SRF只降至3.57×102/g,抽滤泥饼含水率(W_C)从83.97%降至77.91%;SDBS加药量为600 mg/L时,SRF只降至3.57×10⁽¹⁰⁾ s(10) s²/g,W_C为79.80%,SDBS改善污泥的脱水性能不如CTAB。经过表面活性剂调理后的污泥明显疏松。     

无机调理剂与表面活性剂联合调理对污泥脱水性能的影响

研究了CaO、PAFC联合表面活性剂预处理对污泥脱水性能的影响。以污泥滤饼含水率和比阻(SRF)作为评价污泥脱水性能的指标,通过测定污泥调理过程中胞外聚合物(EPS)含量、Zeta电位的变化来阐明污泥脱水性能的变化。实验结果表明,十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(1227)的加入导致上清液中EPS含量发生变化,有效降低了SRF和滤饼含水率,提高污泥脱水性能。CaO、PAFC和表面活性剂的联合调理污泥比单独使用表面活性剂的效果更好,CaO、PAFC的投加不仅改善污泥脱水性能,并有助于减少表面活性剂的用量。污泥上清液中EPS及其各组分含量与污泥滤饼含水率、SRF均有较高的相关性,对污泥的脱水性能有重要贡献。实验中确定的最佳污泥调理条件是CaO投加量为66.67 mg·(g DS)?1、PAFC投加量为33.33 mg·(g DS)?1和表面活性剂投加量为56.25 mg·(g DS)?1,污泥滤饼含水率和SRF分别降至69.41%、0.294×1013 m·kg?1。     

无机调理剂与表面活性剂联合调理对污泥脱水性能的影响

研究了CaO,PAFC联合表面活性剂预处理对污泥脱水性能的影响。以污泥滤饼含水率和比阻(SRF)作为评价污泥脱水性能的指标,通过测定污泥调理过程中胞外聚合物(EPS)含量、Zeta电位的变化来阐明污泥脱水性能的变化。实验结果表明,十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(1227)的加入导致上清液中EPS含量发生变化,有效降低了SRF和滤饼含水率,提高污泥脱水性能。CaO,PAFC和表面活性剂的联合调理污泥比单独使用表面活性剂的效果更好,CaO,PAFC的投加不仅改善污泥脱水性能,并有助于减少表面活性剂的用量。污泥上清液中EPS及其各组分含量与污泥滤饼含水率、SRF均有较高的相关性,对污泥的脱水性能有重要贡献。实验中确定的最佳污泥调理条件是CaO投加量为66.67 mg·(g DS)-1,PAFC投加量为33.33 mg·(g DS)-1和表面活性剂投加量为56.25 mg·(g DS)-1,污泥滤饼含水率和SRF分别降至69.41%和2.94×1012m·kg-1。     

无机调理剂与表面活性剂联合调理对污泥脱水性能的影响

研究了CaO、PAFC联合表面活性剂预处理对污泥脱水性能的影响。以污泥滤饼含水率和比阻（SRF）作为评价污泥脱水性能的指标,通过测定污泥调理过程中胞外聚合物（EPS）含量、Zeta电位的变化来阐明污泥脱水性能的变化。实验结果表明,十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵（1227）的加入导致上清液中EPS含量发生变化,有效降低了SRF和滤饼含水率,提高污泥脱水性能。CaO、PAFC和表面活性剂的联合调理污泥比单独使用表面活性剂的效果更好,CaO、PAFC的投加不仅改善污泥脱水性能,并有助于减少表面活性剂的用量。污泥上清液中EPS及其各组分含量与污泥滤饼含水率、SRF均有较高的相关性,对污泥的脱水性能有重要贡献。实验中确定的最佳污泥调理条件是CaO投加量为66.67 mg·（g DS）^-1、PAFC投加量为33.33 mg·（g DS）^-1和表面活性剂投加量为56.25 mg·（g DS）^-1,污泥滤饼含水率和SRF分别降至69.41%、0.294×10¹³ m·kg^-1。     

微波能对化学污泥脱水性能的影响

研究大豆蛋白污水化学污泥的脱水性能，考察微波辐射的功率及时间对污泥脱水性能的影响，确定功率和时间的最佳条件。研究120s内污泥沉降、过滤脱水及比阻的变化，并探讨污泥胞外聚合物含量和污泥颗粒粒径的变化相关机理。结果表明：适宜的微波辐射可明显改善污泥的脱水性，800W、100W和60W微波改善污泥脱水性能的最适宜时间分别为60s、120s和120s，上清液中多糖的含量介于460～470mg／L时污泥脱水性能最佳。适宜的微波辐射能够改善污泥的脱水性能，过量的微波辐射则使污泥脱水性恶化。     

CTMAB对污泥脱水效果的研究

本文主要探究表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)对污泥脱水效果的影响。先利用CTMAB对浓缩污泥进行表面改性,接着投加聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)对污泥进行絮凝后再脱水。结果表明,在100mL含水率95%浓缩污泥中,CTMAB最佳投加量为0.6g,最佳改性时间为50min,PAM的最佳投加量为8mL,最佳絮凝时间为16min。在此工艺条件下可使污泥的含水率由95%降到60.23%,说明CTMAB能够有效的改善污泥脱水效果。     

不同pH值下表面活性剂对污泥脱水性能影响的研究

通过测定比阻、滤饼含水率、污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)中蛋白质和多糖、污泥沉降体积和污泥毛细吸水时间(CST),研究不同pH值下表面活性剂对污泥脱水性能的影响,采用十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)作为表面活性剂,在不同pH值下对污泥脱水性能进行了研究,考察了调理污泥的脱水速率、脱水程度、沉降性和滤失性4个方面.结果表明,在原污泥2...     

污泥化学调理中混凝剂对污泥脱水性能的影响

本文采用三氯化铁(FC)、聚氯化铁(PFC)、聚合硫酸铁(PFS)及聚合氯化铝(PAC)混凝剂对污泥进行调理,考察不同混凝剂及其投加量对生活污泥脱水性能的影响。结果表明:使用不同混凝剂对污泥脱水效果存在不同的差异,并随混凝剂投药量的增大,污泥比阻、污泥含水率、滤液pH、滤液色度及浊度得到有效降低;当混凝剂投药量为干污泥27%,污泥脱水效果最好。     

污泥脱水工艺改进研究

针对锦州石化公司污泥处理工艺中,浓缩罐中没有投加任何絮凝剂仅仅依靠重力来对污泥进行浓缩沉降,其效果不理想,浓缩罐前后污泥的含水率变化不大,污泥的体积没有得到有效的降低,单位时间内经由调质罐进入到带式压滤机上的污泥的量仍然很大,使带式压滤机的负荷增加,从而影响污泥的处理效果的情况进行了大量的实验研究。对现场的污泥处理工艺进行考察,寻找工艺中存在的不足以及需要改进之处,并提出合理的工艺方案。     

污泥调理剂与有机高分子絮凝剂联合作用对污泥脱水性能影响的研究

结合污泥调理剂和有机高分子絮凝剂在调理活性污泥中体现出的优缺点,将两者联合用于活性污泥的调理。先后投加不同量的调理剂和絮凝剂于活性污泥中,研究其对污泥絮体特征和脱水性能的影响。结果表明,当两者投加量分别为1%和0.5%时,污泥泥饼含水率降到最低,为75.41%,且污泥过滤性能得到较好的改善。这是由于调理剂的投加改变了污泥絮体结构,导致胞外聚合物（EPS）的分布发生变化,改善了污泥的脱水性能,絮体颗粒粒径减小,而投加有机高分子絮凝剂使得污泥絮体重新絮凝,从而提高脱水速度。     

Operational Conditions of Activated Sludge: Influence on Flocculation and Dewaterability

Selected operational conditions of activated sludge are investigated in relation to their effect on flocculation and dewatering. Semi-continuous reactors with 2 -L volume were operated at different mean cell residence times, C/N ratios, and three different influent cations. Results show that MCRT, C/N ratio, and the cation type affect the bioflocculation capacity of activated sludge measured by the quantity of extracellular polymeric substances. As the MCRT value operated in the reactors and the C/N ratio of the influent wastewater increase, total amount of polymers produced increases. High MCRT values and low C/N values cause good dewatering of the sludge. All cations are shown to stimulate the EPS production in a way that the highest total EPS concentrations are observed at the highest cation dosages. The dewaterability of the sludges improves only with increasing calcium and magnesium concentrations and deteriorates with increasing potassium concentration.     

Operational Conditions of Activated Sludge: Influence on Flocculation and Dewaterability

Selected operational conditions of activated sludge are investigated in relation to their effect on flocculation and dewatering. Semi-continuous reactors with 2 -L volume were operated at different mean cell residence times, C/N ratios, and three different influent cations. Results show that MCRT, C/N ratio, and the cation type affect the bioflocculation capacity of activated sludge measured by the quantity of extracellular polymeric substances. As the MCRT value operated in the reactors and the C/N ratio of the influent wastewater increase, total amount of polymers produced increases. High MCRT values and low C/N values cause good dewatering of the sludge. All cations are shown to stimulate the EPS production in a way that the highest total EPS concentrations are observed at the highest cation dosages. The dewaterability of the sludges improves only with increasing calcium and magnesium concentrations and deteriorates with increasing potassium concentration.     

城市污泥的处理及污泥制活性炭的研究现状

介绍了国内外一些污泥处理减量化技术及研究进展,分析了几种常用的污泥处置方法及存在的问题.用城市污水厂污泥制备活性炭,可以用于污水处理,去除有毒有害物质,具有良好的环境效益和社会效益.     

Impact of Sludge Floc Size and Water Composition on Dewaterability

In order to observe the impact of different water compositions on sludge dewaterability, assessments of floc sizes using a particle size analyzer and of sludge dewaterability based on the capillary suction time (CST) test were carried out. Synthetic raw water had small floc sizes, and synthetic domestic wastewater had both larger median floc sizes and a better correlation between sludge dewaterability and median floc sizes. The floc size distribution results showed that synthetic raw water is associated with a narrow particle size distribution. In comparison, synthetic domestic wastewater produced a wider distribution. However, the CST values were similar for both waters. Compared to synthetic wastewater, natural wastewater had the largest distribution with generally larger particle sizes.     

电解-脱硫灰-FeCl_3联合调理对污泥脱水性能的影响

通过测定毛细吸水时间(CST)、滤饼含水率(Wc)、胞外聚合物(EPS)、Zeta电位和FTIR,探究电解-脱硫灰-Fe Cl_3联合调理对污泥脱水性能的影响及其作用机理。结果表明,电解-脱硫灰-Fe Cl_3联合调理污泥的效果明显好于电解单独作用,当电解条件为Ti/Ru O_2电极、极间距4 cm、搅拌速度100 r/min、0.100 mol/L Na Cl、电压20 V、投加300 mg/g脱硫灰和60 mg/g Fe Cl_3、电解40 min后,污泥的CST和Wc分别由1 239.5 s和83.69%降至106.5 s和70.50%,脱水速度提高92.08%,脱水程度提高15.66%。电解能促进紧密粘附胞外聚合物(TB-EPS)剥落,剥落的TB-EPS中,部分被转化为溶解性胞外聚合物(S-EPS)和松散粘附层胞外聚合物(LB-EPS),部分EPS被分解为氨基酸和脂肪酸等小分子物质,释放了部分表面吸附水和内部结合水。     

解偶联剂对活性污泥产率的影响及机理研究

以2,4-二硝基酚(dNP)为解偶联剂,采用序批式实验分析研究了投加解偶联剂dNP对活性污泥法处理效果和污泥产率的影响,并阐述了这种影响产生的机理。实验表明,当污泥浓度ρ(MLVSS)为1800mg/L,ρ(CODCr)为1700mg/L,dNP投加量为5mg/L时污泥产率降低达19%,处理效果仅降低1%,实验同时表明dNP经济有效的投加量为1~5mg/L。     

活性污泥处理工艺中污泥菌落结构及功能研究

采用PCR-DGGE技术研究来自某乳制品废水处理厂和某屠宰废水处理厂的好氧处理工艺的末端的活性污泥中菌落的多样性,分析了两种活性污泥中的优势菌种的种类及功能,并分析了活性污泥的差异性。     

改性膨润土对污泥脱水性能的影响

以改性膨润土为絮凝剂对城市生活污水处理厂二沉池剩余活性污泥进行预处理。研究了改性膨润土用量、粒径、不同改造剂投加量等因素对污泥脱水性能的影响。结果表明,改性膨润土投加量增加到一定程度时,污泥脱水性能好;改性膨润土粒径越小,污泥脱水性能越好;改造剂投加量为4 mL/100 mL污泥(即0.22 g/100 mL污泥)时,改性膨润土对污泥脱水性能较佳,最佳处理效果为66.43%(污泥含水率)。     

Effect of Selected Nonionic Surfactants on the Activated Sludge Morphology and Activity in a Batch System

In this study, two nonionic surfactants, one alcohol ethoxylate (AE) and one alkylphenol ethoxylate (APE) were investigated with regard to their influence on the morphology of activated sludge flocs, microbial activity and wastewater treatment efficiency in a laboratory batch system. The experiments were carried out for a range of nonionic surfactants concentrations in wastewater from 5 to 500 mg L⁻¹. Additionally, these results were compared to the data obtained in previous experiments on anionics and performed under the same conditions. Both nonionics tested caused a decrease in the size of activated sludge flocs but they did not affect the shape of the flocs. The circularity index and convexity of flocs remained similar to the control run, containing no surfactant. The presence of nonionic surfactants within the tested concentrations range caused a decrease in biomass activity. In spite of morphological changes of activated sludge flocs and a decrease in microbial activity, only higher concentrations of nonionics in wastewater starting with the level of 50 mg L⁻¹ can induce pinpoint flocs and decrease wastewater treatment efficiency. APE showed a stronger impact on the decrease in floc size and microbial activity than alcohol ethoxylate did. APE was also more difficult to biodegrade than AE. Comparing the efficiency of wastewater treatment (in terms of COD removal) in the presence of nonionic and anionic surfactants at the same concentration of 50 mg L⁻¹, the degree of organic pollutant removal was found to be higher by about 10% for anionics than for nonionics.