不同剂量60Co γ辐照对蓝莓果实贮藏品质的影响

目的探索~(60)Coγ辐照处理对蓝莓果实保鲜效果的影响。方法采用不同的辐照剂量处理"蓝丰"蓝莓,以辐照的蓝莓为研究对象,研究其果实表面微生物的种类和数量、果实腐烂率和硬度、以及相关感官品质在冷藏期间的变化规律。结果辐照处理对蓝莓果实表面微生物有很好的杀灭和抑制作用,辐照剂量越高,效果越好,且微生物对辐照剂量的敏感程度依次为:细菌霉菌酵母菌。0.5 kGy的辐照处理对冷藏期间蓝莓果实保鲜效果不明显(P0.05),3.0 kGy的辐照处理能够加速冷藏后期蓝莓的腐烂变质,适当的辐照剂量(1.0~2.5 kGy)能够很好地降低腐烂率,保持果实硬度和保护果实感官品质,其中2.5 kGy辐照剂量对蓝莓果实的保鲜效果最佳,贮藏35 d后,果实腐烂率最低(3.35%),果实硬度最高(1.08 kg/cm~2)。结论辐照保鲜蓝莓的最低有效剂量为1.0 kGy,最高耐受剂量为2.5 kGy,本研究为蓝莓的辐照保鲜提供了应用基础和科学依据。     

电子束辐照对糯米糍荔枝采后保鲜效果的研究

以深圳南山糯米糍荔枝为原料,通过电子加速器辐照,使用0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0 k Gy 4个剂量处理后分别于室温下(26℃~30℃)贮藏3 d,低温(4℃±1℃)下贮藏15 d。以褐变率、失重率、质构、维生素C含量、可溶性固形物等为品质指标,研究不同辐照剂量处理对鲜荔枝保鲜期的影响。结果表明,不同剂量辐照后,各组荔枝外观与对照组均无显著差别。室温下电子束辐照可以使糯米糍荔枝的保鲜期从1 d延长至3 d,4℃冷藏条件下保鲜期可从10 d延长至15 d。0.5 k Gy为最佳辐照剂量,照射剂量在1.5 k Gy以上会加快荔枝外观和营养品质的劣变。     

~(60)Co γ射线辐照对平菇采后生理及贮藏品质的影响

为探讨60Coγ射线辐照在平菇贮藏保鲜中的应用效果,以黑平1号为试材,分别采用0.5、0.8、1.0、1.3、1.6 kGy和2.0 kGy 60Coγ射线对平菇进行辐照,研究其在6℃贮藏过程中的生理生化及贮藏品质的变化规律。结果表明,采用0.5~1.0 kGy 60Co γ射线辐照处理,可以改善平菇的贮藏品质,贮藏第12天时1.0 kGy处理平菇的保鲜度为0.5,贮藏效果最佳;0.5~1.0 kGy辐照处理可以有效抑制平菇褐变及多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的增强,统计分析表明褐变度(browing degree,BD)与PPO活性呈显著正相关,回归方程为:BD=0.0183 PPO活性-0.1527(R2=0.753 9,P0.05);0.5~1.0 kGy 60Co γ射线辐照能延缓平菇体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)等修复酶活性的降低,减少丙二醛(MDA)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)的积累,降低质量损失率。因此,采用0.5~1.0 kGy 60Co γ射线辐照处理平菇,可以延缓平菇的褐变及衰老,保持其贮藏品质,延长其货架期至10~12 d。     

不同辐射剂量对蒲菜保鲜的影响研究

蒲菜贮藏期间,通过评价其感官品质及测定其失重率、腐烂指数、Vc含量、纤维素含量和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性等指标,研究不同辐射剂量(0.5、1、1.5、2 kGy)对蒲菜采后生理和品质的影响。结果表明:蒲菜在采后经过1.5 kGy剂量辐射可有效钝化酶,抑制褐变和老化,有利于Vc的保留。适当的辐射剂量处理和低温4℃贮藏,可以延缓蒲菜的衰老与品质下降,延长储藏寿命,达到保鲜目的。     

高能电子束辐照对草莓常温贮藏品质的影响

为提高草莓采后品质和延长保鲜时间,促进电子加速器在鲜活农产品保鲜方面的研究和应用,文中研究了0.5、2.0、3.5和5.0kGy不同剂量电子束辐照处理对丰香草莓常温贮藏性状的影响及微生物控制效果。结果显示:电子束辐照后常温(18-20℃)贮藏期间,2.0-3.5kGy辐照处理能够有效控制微生物的生长,使草莓保鲜期延长了2-6d(腐烂指数<0.3),且3.5kGy辐照对果实硬度、水分、糖、酸及Vc等贮藏品质的保持效果较好。5.0kGy辐照虽然能够有效抑制微生物的生长,但是对草莓营养品质有一定负面影响,可作为电子束辐照草莓的最高极限剂量。     

低剂量电子束辐照对香菇采后抗氧化能力的影响

新鲜香菇采后易腐烂,为提高其采后贮藏品质,本研究采用1.0、2.0和3.0 kGy的电子束辐照剂量对鲜香菇进行辐照处理,贮藏于4±1 ℃、湿度为80%±5%的环境,以色泽、总酚含量、丙二醛含量、DPPH自由基清除能力和相关抗氧化酶（SOD、CAT）活性为评价指标,研究低剂量电子束辐照处理对鲜香菇抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明：在贮藏过程中相比其他剂量,2.0 kGy辐照剂量能延缓香菇褐变,保持总酚含量处在较高水平,能够减少丙二醛含量的积累,贮藏末期其含量仅为0.54 nmol/g。2.0 kGy辐照剂量能较好的清除DPPH自由基以及保持SOD、CAT较高活性水平,SOD和CAT活性仅降低3.78%、27.90%,与其它组相比有显著差异。由上可知,2.0 kGy电子束辐照处理能够使香菇采后保持较高的抗氧化活性水平,从而延迟香菇自身的衰老氧化反应,延长了贮藏保鲜期。     

电子束辐照对槟榔芋贮藏效果的影响

以槟榔芋为研究对象,利用辐照剂量为0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7,1.0kGy的高能电子束对其进行辐照处理,研究辐照剂量对槟榔芋贮藏效果及抗氧化酶的影响。结果表明,低剂量电子束辐照能显著降低槟榔芋的贮藏腐烂率并较好地控制发芽,但对硬度、色泽变化、感官品质影响不大,同时能维持槟榔芋过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶以及过氧化氢酶的活性。槟榔芋贮藏的最佳辐照剂量为0.1⁰.5kGy。     

高能电子束辐照对金丝绞瓜贮藏特性的影响

目的:确定高能电子束辐照处理金丝绞瓜的最优剂量,改善金丝绞瓜的贮藏特性。方法:分别以0.3,0.4 kGy和0.5 kGy剂量的高能电子束从两面处理金丝绞瓜。结果:0.4 kGy高能电子束辐照处理使金丝绞瓜腐烂率降低16.18%,其总酚含量维持较高水平,可溶性固形物含量降低,丙二醛积累量减少,呼吸强度、失重率、色彩饱和度、可滴定酸和过氧化物酶活性均与对照瓜无显著差异(P＞0.05),在此剂量下,超氧化物歧化酶的活性高峰是对照瓜的1.14倍,瓜丝细胞超微结构完整;在贮藏120 d时,脆度、葫芦巴碱含量和苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性分别是对照瓜的1.58,3.34倍和1.84倍。结论:0.4 kGy是适宜的高能电子束辐照剂量,有望将其用于金丝绞瓜的贮藏保鲜。     

60Co γ辐照对低温贮藏蓝莓品质和膜脂过氧化作用的影响

为探索60Co γ辐照处理对蓝莓果实保鲜效果的影响,采用不同辐照剂量处理“蓝丰”蓝莓,定期检测其冷藏期间感官品质、营养品质、呼吸作用和膜脂过氧化作用的相关指标。结果表明：0.5 kGy辐照处理对蓝莓果实的保鲜效果不明显,3.0 kGy辐照处理能够加速贮藏后期蓝莓果实的衰老进程;辐照处理后,蓝莓果实的可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸含量变化不明显,但VC含量和花青素含量均有所下降,且与辐照剂量呈负相关;辐照处理后,蓝莓果实的呼吸强度和乙烯释放量提高,且与辐照剂量呈正相关,同时伴随脂氧合酶活性、丙二醛含量和细胞膜透性相对对照略微提高;1.0～2.5 kGy的辐照处理能够通过抑制贮藏期间蓝莓果实的呼吸作用和膜质过氧化作用,推迟蓝莓果实的衰老进程,延缓蓝莓果实中营养物质的降解;2.5 kGy辐照处理对蓝莓果实的保鲜效果最佳,既能有效降低蓝莓果实腐烂率,又能最大程度地保持蓝莓果实的营养品质。因此,60Co γ辐照处理对于采后蓝莓的低温保鲜是一个行之有效的方法。     

~(60)Co γ辐照对低温贮藏蓝莓品质和膜脂过氧化作用的影响

为探索~(60)Co γ辐照处理对蓝莓果实保鲜效果的影响,采用不同辐照剂量处理"蓝丰"蓝莓,定期检测其冷藏期间感官品质、营养品质、呼吸作用和膜脂过氧化作用的相关指标。结果表明:0.5 kGy辐照处理对蓝莓果实的保鲜效果不明显,3.0 kGy辐照处理能够加速贮藏后期蓝莓果实的衰老进程;辐照处理后,蓝莓果实的可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸含量变化不明显,但VC含量和花青素含量均有所下降,且与辐照剂量呈负相关;辐照处理后,蓝莓果实的呼吸强度和乙烯释放量提高,且与辐照剂量呈正相关,同时伴随脂氧合酶活性、丙二醛含量和细胞膜透性相对对照略微提高;1.0~2.5 kGy的辐照处理能够通过抑制贮藏期间蓝莓果实的呼吸作用和膜质过氧化作用,推迟蓝莓果实的衰老进程,延缓蓝莓果实中营养物质的降解;2.5 kGy辐照处理对蓝莓果实的保鲜效果最佳,既能有效降低蓝莓果实腐烂率,又能最大程度地保持蓝莓果实的营养品质。因此,~(60)Co γ辐照处理对于采后蓝莓的低温保鲜是一个行之有效的方法。     

高能电子束辐照对金丝绞瓜的保鲜效果

为探究高能电子束辐照对金丝绞瓜保鲜效果及贮藏品质的影响.本研究采用0 kGy(CK)、0.4 kGy、0.6 kGy和0.8 kGy不同剂量高能电子束分别辐照金丝绞瓜的四个面,置于温度9±1℃、相对湿度65％～70％冷库中贮藏,研究不同剂量高能电子束对金丝绞瓜不同部位贮藏品质的影响.结果表明,与对照瓜相比,该辐照促进了...     

Effects of Electron Beam Irradiation on Physical, Textural, and Microstructural Properties of "Tommy Atkins" Mangoes (Mangifera indica L.)

This research focused on determining the dose levels suitable for electron beam irradiation of mangoes without detriment to the fruit's quality characteristics. Physicochemical, textural, respiration rates, microstructural, and sensory characteristics of “Tommy Atkins” mangoes irradiated at 1.0, 1.5, and 3.1 kGy using a 10 MeV (10 kW) linear accelerator with double‐beam fixture were determined. Fruits were stored at 12 °C and 62.7% RH for 21 d and evaluated at days 0, 5, 10, and 21. Nonirradiated mangoes served as controls. Irradiation did affect the textural characteristics of mangoes at doses higher than 1.0 kGy. Mangoes exposed to 1.5 and 3.1 kGy were softer and less stiff throughout storage. The radiation‐induced softening of the fruits may be associated with changes in the structural cell such as cracks and depressions on the surface and the breakdown of the cells and its components. Irradiation at 3.1 kGy affected the color of mangoes by the end of storage. Doses up to 1.5 kGy kept respiration rates at a normal level. Irradiation did not affect the specific gravity of mangoes, a parameter associated with fruit maturity levels. No effect of irradiation on pH, water activity, moisture content, acidity, and juiciness of mangoes was detected at the dose levels used in this study. Only fruits irradiated at 3.1 kGy were unacceptable to the sensory panelists in terms of overall quality, texture, and aroma. Electron beam irradiation of “Tommy Atkins” mangoes at 1.0 kGy is the recommended treatment to maintain the overall fruit quality attributes.     

Quality of Electron Beam Irradiated Strawberries

Fresh ‘Tristar’ strawberries were treated by electron beam irradiation to determine the effects on postharvest quality attributes and shelf life. The intensity of red color rated by sensory panelists decreased as irradiation dosage increased from 0 to 2 kGy. Hunter ‘L’ values were higher for fruit treated with 2 kGy than for 0 and 0.5 kGy. Instron firmness values were lower for all irradiated fruit than for control fiuit. Panelists rated irradiated fruit less firm than nonirradiated fruit stored 1, 2 and 4 days. An increase in off-flavor was noted among all treatments stored 6 and 8 days. Irradiation suppressed fungi on stored berries. Irradiation doses of 1 and 2 kGy extended shelf life 2 and 4 days, respectively. Electron beam irradiation technology has excellent potential for extension of shelf life of fresh strawberry fruits.     

Sensorial,nutritional and microbiological quality of fresh cilantro leaves as influenced by ionizing radiation and storage

The impact of gamma irradiation on aroma, appearance, nutritional, textural, and microbiological quality attributes of fresh cilantro (Coriandrum sativum L.) was investigated. Irradiation at doses up to 2 kGy did not significantly influence aroma, amount of total volatile compounds, color or overall visual quality. Although firmness of cilantro was reduced by irradiation at day 0, there was no significant difference among treatments after 3, 7 and 14 days of storage at 3 °C. Irradiation did not have a consistent effect on antioxidant power or phenolic content during the 14-day storage. In contrast, vitamin C content was lower at day 14 in samples irradiated at 2 and 3 kGy. Cilantro irradiated at 3 kGy had higher decay rate and off-odor scores than other samples after 14 days of storage. The total aerobic plate count of irradiated cilantro was significantly lower than that of nonirradiated controls immediately after irradiation and during the entire storage period. Our results suggest that fresh cilantro irradiated at 2 kGy retained its sensorial quality and shelf life.     

Quality of electron beam irradiation of blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) at medium dose levels (1.0-3.2 kGy)

We assessed the effect of electron beam irradiation of packaged fresh blueberries at doses greater than 1.0 kGy on the quality attributes of the fruits. Irradiation experiments were conducted using a 10 MeV (18 kW) linear accelerator with single beam fixture. Fruits were stored at 5 °C and 70.4% RH for 14 days and tested at days 0, 3, 7 and 14 for physico-chemical, textural, microstructural, and sensory characteristics. Control samples consisted of non-irradiated fruits. Irradiation at doses higher than 1.1 kGy did affect (P<0.05) the texture of blueberries as the fruits became considerably softer and less acceptable throughout storage. Only irradiation at 3.2 kGy affected the color of blueberries by the end of storage. Irradiation slightly reduced the respiration rates of the blueberries by the end of storage. In terms of overall quality, texture and aroma, only fruits exposed to 3.2 kGy were found unacceptable by the sensory panelists. Irradiation at the dose levels used in this study did not affect the density, pH, water activity, moisture content, acidity and juiciness of blueberries. Electron beam irradiation of blueberries up to 1.6 kGy is a feasible decontamination treatment that maintains the overall fruit quality attributes.     

电子束辐照对干枸杞生虫及品质的影响

利用电子束辐照,研究辐照对干枸杞品质的影响,确定干枸杞辐照杀虫工艺剂量。采用电子辐照加速器对干枸杞进行辐照处理,研究不同剂量辐照对干枸杞复水比、生虫率、颜色以及还原糖、类胡萝卜素等理化指标含量的影响。结果表明：辐照处理后干枸杞复水比显著低于未经辐照的干枸杞。电子束辐照处理可显著抑制干枸杞的生虫率,且辐照剂量越高对生虫率的抑制效果越显著;辐照剂量为4~8 kGy时,直至试验结束未曾出现生虫枸杞,辐照剂量为2 kGy试验结束时生虫率为0.57%,皆显著低于未经辐照干枸杞的0.97%。剂量≥8 kGy时,干枸杞L*、a*、b*均显著低于未经辐照的干枸杞。辐照对干枸杞还原糖、枸杞多糖含量显著上升,对可溶性糖、游离氨基酸无明显影响,当辐照剂量≥8 kGy时干枸杞类胡萝卜素、黄酮含量明显下降。综上所述,干枸杞的电子束辐照剂量应在4~8 kGy范围内。该剂量范围内能有效抑制干枸杞生虫,且最大程度保持干枸杞原有的食用品质。