以酵母抽提物为基料的调理配方对黑鱼片感官品质和质构特性的影响

该研究以黑鱼片为对象,采用真空滚揉的方式对鱼片进行调理,以酵母抽提物、食盐、柠檬酸钠、蔗糖添加量为单因素研究调理配方对黑鱼片感官品质、质构特性及色度的影响,并采用正交实验法优化得出酵母抽提物等最佳调理配方.结果 表明,酵母抽提物对黑鱼片有显著的增味抑腥效果,明显改善了调理鱼片的感官品质;在一定程度上可以调节鱼片的硬度,...     

复合保鲜剂对美国红鱼调理鱼片贮藏品质的影响

为提高美国红鱼调理鱼片的贮藏品质,本研究采用乳酸链球菌素(Nisin)、ε-聚赖氨酸盐酸盐及其复合保鲜剂处理鱼片,评价了保鲜剂对鱼片鲜度指标的影响。研究结果表明,调理液浸渍处理可显著延缓调理鱼片的菌落总数、TVB-N值、TBA值、p H等鲜度指标的变化,但会造成调理鱼片的汁液流失率增加。施加乳酸链球菌素(Nisin)、ε-聚赖氨酸盐酸盐均能抑制调理鱼片内微生物的生长,显著延缓调理鱼片TVB-N值、TBA值的变化。经复合保鲜剂处理后,调理鱼片各项鲜度指标均有改善,在贮藏过程中,施加复合保鲜剂的调理鱼片的菌落总数低于同期单独施加一种保鲜剂的样品0.03～0.34 log CFU/g,且可有效延缓鱼体内蛋白质分解和脂肪氧化,减少调理鱼片的汁液流失,表明复合保鲜剂的保鲜性能更优,可有效延长调理鱼片的货架期。     

养殖大黄鱼休闲食品生产工艺技术研究

养殖大黄鱼肉鲜味美,将其加工制成鱼片等方便食品,可以拓宽低值养殖大黄鱼的加工方式,改善其加工品质,提高养殖大黄鱼的经济价值,丰富我国鱼片的市场品种,满足广大不同消费群体的需求.实验得出,休闲鱼片的最佳生产工艺条件为:大黄鱼用乌龙茶液进行脱腥处理,调味后在80℃下干燥3h,再在160℃下烘烤5min,最后通过碾压拉松处理,生产出的鱼片外形整齐.组织质地均一、咀嚼有力、鲜香适中,有鱼片特有的香味,无酸败及其他异味.大黄鱼鱼片最佳调味配方为:蔗糖23g,味精4g,辣椒粉5g,花椒粉4g.     

预调理冷藏罗非鱼片保藏技术

为提高冷鲜罗非鱼的保藏货架期,文中采用化学保鲜剂对罗非鱼进行宰前减菌化处理,再用生物保鲜剂结合香辛料对鱼片进行预调理,并于冷藏(10℃)条件储藏8 d,期间测定鱼片的菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮、pH值,并进行感官评价。实验结果表明:罗非鱼宰杀前用50 mg/L的稳定态ClO2浸泡10 min可将罗非鱼体表肉菌落总数由8.6×104CFU/g降低至2.4×103CFU/g,减菌率达97.21%;3种生物保鲜剂均可延长鱼片的货架期,其中,0.01%的纳他霉素的保鲜效果较好,鱼片较对照组延长了2～3 d。香辛料预调理不能显著延缓鱼肉的腐败变质,但与生物保鲜剂有一定的协同作用,尤其是在改善鱼肉色泽等感官指标的劣变方面较明显;经香辛料调理后的冷鲜罗非鱼片具有自然、纯正的鱼香味,无鱼腥味,麻辣适中,口感鲜美。     

调理鱼制品“蒜瓣肉”的结构表征与评价

以草鱼为研究对象,通过控制食盐添加量、调理温度和调理时间制备出12组不同调理程度的鱼片,综合运用感官评价、质构分析及组织结构特征分析,描述调理鱼片“蒜瓣肉”结构特征,建立调理鱼片“蒜瓣肉”结构评价标准。结果表明,制备的12组调理鱼片的感官评分、质构特性、组织形态存在显著差异（P<0.05）。通过控制调理食盐添加量、调理温度和调理时间,可制备出具有典型“蒜瓣肉”结构的调理鱼片。调理鱼片“蒜瓣肉”结构感官评分与质构参数中的硬度值和粘附性值呈显著正相关性（P<0.05）,而与肌纤维面积呈极显著负相关性（P<0.01）,具有优良“蒜瓣肉”结构的调理鱼片的质构和组织结构参数为：硬度2 600~3 300 g、弹性0.56~0.74、咀嚼性600~1 300 g,回复性0.24~0.32,粘附性240~350 g?sec,肌纤维面积24 000~32 000 μm2,肌间距离16~21 μm。该研究有望为调理鱼片“蒜瓣肉”结构的合理评价及可控制备提供技术参考。     

利用液熏法熏制军曹鱼片的工艺研究

以军曹鱼片为原料,利用液熏法,通过正交实验与感官评价相结合的实验方法,研究了浸渍、熏制条件对熏军曹鱼片品质的影响,确定了利用液熏技术熏制军曹鱼片的工艺条件。研究结果表明,浸泡烟熏液SmokezP-50的浓度为6%,浸渍时间为2h,浸渍温度为25℃。熏制干燥的条件为：第一次干燥温度为50℃,烘干时间为1h,取出后,将烟熏液SmokezEnviro24P均匀喷洒在鱼片表面,进行第二次干燥,温度为85℃,干燥时间为2h。液熏军曹鱼片产品品质良好,营养丰富,感官评分为93.2分,理化指标和微生物指标均符合国家安全卫生标准。     

真空浸渍处理对调理草鱼片品质的影响

目的探究真空浸渍处理时,浸渍真空度和处理时间对草鱼片品质的影响,优化草鱼片调理工艺参数。方法采用真空浸渍法加工调理草鱼片,设计了响应面试验,研究浸渍真空度、处理时间和食盐添加量对草鱼片感官评分、NaCl含量和磷含量的影响,并以感官评分为指标优化了草鱼片调理工艺参数。结果浸渍真空度和处理时间对草鱼片色度、增重率、NaCl含量、感官评分均有显著影响,而浸渍真空度还对鱼片持水性有显著影响(P0.05)。随着浸渍真空度升高、处理时间延长,调理草鱼片的增重率、持水性和NaCl含量逐渐增加,而调理草鱼片白度下降。浸渍加工草鱼片的适宜调理工艺参数为浸渍真空度80 kPa、食盐添加量1%、处理时间6 h。在该条件下,调理草鱼片的感官评分最高。结论使用真空浸渍处理可获得品质优良的调理草鱼片,且所得调理草鱼片的NaCl、磷含量符合GB2760-2014《食品安全国家标准食品添加剂使用标准》的相关要求,可应用于实际生产。     

嘌呤检测的研究进展

嘌呤碱基是构成核酸和许多酶辅因子的基本组分,保证细胞、组织和器官的正常功能.嘌呤的检测早在上世纪50年代就引起了广泛的关注.综述国内外嘌吟检测中样品前处理方法,并介绍液相色谱法、离子色谱法和电泳法分析嘌吟的研究进展.     

美味鱼片的制作

探讨了美味鱼片简便可行的加工工艺.通过时产品的感官评定和细菌总数的测定,确定美味鱼片的加工工艺参数:用10%的盐水溶液浸泡30min后去腥,置常温下调味,在35℃条件下烘至半干,再于180℃的条件下烘烤5min,冷却,真空包装,最后115℃杀菌25min,得到的鱼片具有外观好、味道鲜美、耐咀嚼等特点.     

紫苏水提物联合蒸煮处理对脆肉鲩鱼片冻藏过程中品质的影响

为了研究蒸煮处理及紫苏水提物对脆肉鲩鱼片冻藏品质的影响,以紫苏水提物浸泡的生鱼片（生鱼片组）、紫苏水提物浸泡再进行蒸煮制备的熟鱼片（熟鱼片组）、蒸馏水浸泡的生鱼片（对照组）为研究对象,研究这3 组鱼片在冻藏过程中质构、持水性、盐溶性蛋白含量、Ca2＋-ATPase活性、硫代巴比妥酸（thiobarbituric acid,TBA）值、挥发性盐基氮（total volatile base-nitrogen,TVB-N）含量和感官评分的变化。结果表明：熟鱼片及生鱼片组通过最大冰晶生成带的时间比对照组长;与对照组和生鱼片相比,熟鱼片在冻藏过程中一直维持较高的硬度、弹性、咀嚼性、TBA值和较低的持水力、盐溶性蛋白含量、TVB-N含量;与对照组相比,生鱼片组的质构特性、持水力、盐溶性蛋白含量和Ca2＋-ATPase活力更高,而TBA值和TVB-N含量更低,冻藏300 d后,生鱼片TBA值是贮藏初始时的3.85 倍,TVB-N含量低于20 mg/100 g;感官评价结果进一步表明,3 组样品感官品质在冻藏过程中不断下降,其质地、口感以及汤汁浑浊度评分从高到低依次是熟鱼片、生鱼片和对照组。研究结果证明了紫苏水提物联合蒸煮处理更有利于冻藏过程中脆肉鲩鱼片品质的维持。     

Effects of High Pressure on Texture and Microstructure of Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) Fillets

High pressure is an innovative non‐thermal food‐preservation technology. We studied the effect of high‐pressure treatment up to 500 MPa for 5 min on physical characteristics of sea bass fillets after 0, 7, and 14 d of refrigerated storage. Color results exhibited an increase of lightness and a slight change of hue, which might be imperceptible in cooked fish. High‐pressure treatment induced a decrease of exudation and water‐holding capacity. Pressure treatment above 300 MPa provoked higher fish hardness after storage than in untreated sample, proving the ability of high pressure to improve textural quality of chilled, stored fish fillet. These assessments were corroborated with microstructure observations. We showed that high‐pressure treatment at 500 MPa allowed, after 7 d of storage, a total aerobic count equivalent to that of untreated fresh fish fillet to be obtained. Thus, high pressure might be considered to be a technology able to improve safety and textural quality of fresh fish fillets.     

花椒黄酮抗氧化作用研究

采用60%乙醇提取花椒总黄酮并用AB-8型大孔吸附树脂纯化。通过DPPH自由基实验、总还原力实验、总抗氧化能力实验和脂质抗氧化实验研究花椒总黄酮的体外抗氧化作用。结果表明：的花椒总黄酮纯化样对DPPH自由基清除效果强于同质量浓度的BHT,略低于VC;花椒总黄酮初提物和纯化样的还原能力都随其质量浓度的增加而明显增大;初提物和纯化样的总抗氧化能力与其质量浓度都呈正相关性,随着质量浓度增大,总抗氧化能力也增加;花椒总黄酮初提物和纯化样对Fe2+引发的卵磷脂脂质体过氧化有抑制作用,抑制率随着质量浓度的增加而缓慢增大;另外,纯化后的样品要比初提物的样品抗氧化作用更强。     

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar,L) as raw material for the smoking industry. II: Effect of different smoking methods on losses of nutrients and on the oxidation of lipids

The changes in total fat content, fatty acid composition, tocopherol, ascorbic acid, pH and oxidation were analysed in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L.) in response to either cold smoking (20 or 30 °C) or electrostatic smoking. Both fresh and frozen fillets were dry-salted before smoking. The fish smoked were the lean ocean-ranched salmon caught off Iceland in June 1998 and farmed Norwegian salmon, slaughtered in either November 1998 or April 1999, differing in fresh fillet fat content from 84 to 169 g·kg⁻¹ wet weight. The fresh material used in smoking significantly affected the smoking loss of nutritive components in the fillets. The leaner the fish the higher percentile loss in fillet fat. Ascorbic acid decreased about 80 percent from the fresh value, independent of smoking temperature (20 or 30 °C). The fish that were dry-salted and electrostatically smoked only lost about 10 percent of the fresh ascorbic acid content, independent of the type of raw material used, indicating a conserving effect on ascorbic acid by the electrostatic process. Also, the electrostatically smoked fish showed a smaller drop in fillet pH than cold-smoked fillets, while tocopherol was little affected by the smoking methods tested.     

Effect of allicin and its mechanism of action in purine removal in turbot

Low-purine food is not only the focus of gout patients, but also the focus of contemporary green diet development. Fish are usually considered as high-purine foodstuff because of the high nutritional value and high purine content. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce purine content in fish to ensure that they are suitable for patients with hyperuricemia or gout. In this study, the effect of allicin on purine reduction in turbot during cooking was investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography, and the change of xanthine oxidase (XO) activity was also studied. Molecular docking analysis was further performed to elucidate the mechanism of purine reduction by allicin. The results revealed that in the step of soaking, allicin could reduce purine content in fish by slightly enhancing XO activity, promoting hypoxanthine transformation into xanthine. The removal of total purines in experimental and control group reached 70.45% and 57.20%, respectively. Moreover, allicin could change the thermal stability of xanthine by providing an acidic environment, resulting in the rapid decrease of xanthine and hypoxanthine levels by boiling. Thus, this study provides a simple method to decrease purine levels, suggesting a possibility that allicin can function as a purine remover in food.     

不同煮制条件对罗非鱼片品质的影响

本研究以罗非鱼片为原料,研究其在不同煮制条件下的蒸煮损失率、色泽、质构特性、感官评价及微观结构的变化,并对肌原纤维蛋白含量、总巯基含量、Ca2＋-ATP酶活力及其二级结构变化进行测定。结果表明：在不同煮制温度下,罗非鱼片蒸煮损失率随加热时间延长都有不同程度的增加,在90 ℃下蒸煮损失整体较低;L*和b*值增大,a*值减小,高温短时热煮处理后的鱼片色泽较好;鱼片硬度、胶着性和咀嚼性在50 ℃时随时间延长逐渐升高,在60 ℃及以上温度时呈下降趋势,80、90 ℃处理的鱼肉质构特性保持得相对较好;扫描电子显微镜结果表明鱼肉在煮制过程中组织结构变得松散,肌纤维束间隙明显,相同时间下随着温度的升高,肌纤维束间隙逐渐增大,破损也越来越严重,但高温短时热煮对鱼肉组织结构的破坏更小;感官评价结果与各项品质指标趋势基本一致;肌原纤维蛋白含量、总巯基含量以及Ca2＋-ATP酶活力都显著下降（P＜0.05）,但在低温长时热煮条件下蛋白质的变性程度更小;肌原纤维蛋白α-螺旋和β-转角占比呈下降趋势,β-折叠和无规卷曲占比呈上升趋势,其中低温长时热煮条件下α-螺旋和β-转角相对含量整体高于高温短时热煮。综上,从食用品质并结合实际生产效率方面考虑,高温短时是罗非鱼片较适宜的煮制条件,且在80～90 ℃煮制6～9 min时鱼片的品质更好。     

腐败希瓦氏菌及其与蜂房哈夫尼亚菌共培养对冷藏大菱鲆的致腐能力

本研究将腐败希瓦氏菌SP22及其与蜂房哈夫尼亚菌Ha-01混合菌液分别接种到大菱鲆无菌鱼块中,以微生 物及理化参数（菌落总数、挥发性盐基总氮（total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N）值、K值、Ca2＋-ATPase活力及肌 肉蛋白显微结构）为指标,探讨腐败希瓦氏菌SP22及其与蜂房哈夫尼亚菌Ha-01共培养对冷藏大菱鲆的致腐能力。 结果表明：在4 ℃冷藏过程中,随着贮藏时间的延长,各接菌组鱼块的菌落总数、TVB-N值及K值上升速度明显 高于空白对照组,且接种混合菌组的上升速度高于接种单菌组;接菌组的Ca2＋-ATPase活力下降速度明显高于空 白对照组,其中接种混合菌组下降最快;利用扫描电子显微镜可观察到接菌组肌肉蛋白质变性降解速度明显快于 空白对照组。腐败希瓦氏菌SP22能够造成大菱鲆的腐败变质,且其与蜂房哈夫尼亚菌Ha-01共培养时能够产生明 显的致腐效果。     

The effects on colour, texture and sensory attributes achieved by washing black tilapia flesh with a banana leaf ash solution

Summary The washing of freshwater fish with clarified solutions of banana leaf ash to remove the muddy odour and flavour is common both in Bangladesh and Indian households. However, no scientific study has been done to evaluate its effectiveness. This study was, therefore, done to show the effect of the washing treatments on the following sensory attributes: odour; flavour; colour and texture. The latter two attributes were also measured by instrumental methods. The experimental animal was black tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus ), which was filleted and each fillet washed by a clarified solution of banana ash (either originally 5 or 7% ash). Controls were fillets washed in ice-slush only. Those fillets washed in 5% ash for 5 min were the most acceptable for eating, cooked or uncooked. There were highly significant differences ( p  < 0.01) in the L-colour values (lightness values) when treated fillets were compared to untreated fillets. However cooking the fillets reduced the difference, making it not significant. Texture was significantly affected by washing and this was retained in cooked fillets, however this was particularly significant using a 7% solution which gave a softer fillet.     

Retention of health-related beneficial components during household preparation of selenium-enriched African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fillets

Industrial processing and heat treatment of fish muscle generally lead to losses of water-soluble components, some of which may have beneficial health effects. The aim of this work was to determine the retention of taurine, selenium and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids when preparing African catfish by three traditional household techniques: boiling in pouches, deep-frying and baking. Cooking did not significantly reduce the content of selenium, having retention between 91and 104%. Deep-frying resulted in a taurine loss of 40%, which was significantly higher than in baking where losses were 25% The fatty acid profiles were similar for baked and boiled fillets, but were significantly different from deep-fried fillets, due to absorption of vegetable frying oil. Baking was the best preparation technique with regard to retention of 20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid; EPA) and 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA), retaining above 80% for both fatty acids, whereas boiling and deep-frying were able to retain only approximately 54 and 65% of each, respectively.     

花椒提取液与壳聚糖复合膜对冬枣保鲜效果的影响

以冬枣为试验材料,用2％壳聚糖溶液、50 mg/mL花椒提取液与2％壳聚糖复合溶液对冬枣进行浸泡处理,以清水浸泡为对照,4 ℃低温储藏,每隔5d测定果实的腐烂率、失重率、硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C、丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性等品质或生理指标,研究花椒提取液与壳聚糖复合膜对冬枣采后保鲜效果的影...