机械合金化过程中Fe50Al50二元系的结构演变

利用高能球磨和后续热处理技术制备纳米晶Fe50Al50(摩尔分数,%)合金粉体.采用X射线衍射、透射电镜和扫描电镜对元素混合粉在机械合金化过程中的结构演变及热处理对合金化粉体结构的影响等进行分析,讨论其机械合金化合成机制.结果表明:球磨过程中Al向Fe中扩散,形成Fe(Al)固溶体.机械合金化合成Fe(Al)遵循连续扩散混合机制;球磨30 h后,粉体主要由纳米晶Fe(Al)构成,晶粒尺寸5.65 nm;热处理导致Fe(Al)纳米晶粉体有序度提高,转变为有序的B2型FeAl金属间化合物,粉体的晶粒尺寸增大,但仍在纳米尺度范围.     

机械合金化过程中Fe50Als50二元系的结构演变

利用高能球磨和后续热处理技术制备纳米晶Fe5A150（摩尔分数，％）合金粉体。采用X射线衍射、透射电镜和扫描电镜对元素混合粉在机械合金化过程中的结构演变及热处理对合金化粉体结构的影响等进行分析，讨论其机械合金化合成机制。结果表明：球磨过程中Al向Fe中扩散，形成Fe（A1）固溶体。机械合金化合成Fe（Al）遵循连续扩散混合机制；球磨30h后，粉体主要由纳米晶Fe（A1）构成，晶粒尺寸5．65nm；热处理导致Fe（A1）纳米晶粉体有序度提高，转变为有序的B2型FeAl金属间化合物，粉体的晶粒尺寸增大，但仍在纳米尺度范围。     

机械合金化过程中Fe-Al合金粉末的组织演变

将纯Fe粉和Al粉按原子比Fe∶Al=60∶40混合后,在行星式高能球磨机中进行机械合金化,采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、透射电镜和硬度仪研究球磨过程中Fe-Al合金粉末相结构、晶粒尺寸、表面形貌、截面形貌和硬度的演变规律。结果发现,球磨24 h后,Al原子全部固溶于Fe晶格中,形成Fe(Al)过饱和固溶体,随着球磨时间的增加,晶粒尺寸呈现先快后慢的减小趋势,球磨36 h后合金粉末的晶粒尺寸小于100 nm。粉末内部组织为层状结构,且随着球磨时间延长层片厚度不断减小,球磨36 h后层状结构全部消失,获得组织均匀的纳米晶Fe-Al合金粉末。随着球磨时间延长,Fe-Al合金粉末的硬度不断增加,球磨36 h后合金粉末的硬度约为405 HV0. 025。球磨Fe(Al)固溶体合金粉末在500℃热处理转变为有序Fe Al金属间化合物。     

冷喷涂制备纳米结构FeAl金属间化合物涂层

利用机械合金化制备纳米结构FeAl固溶体合金粉末,采用冷喷涂沉积Fe(Al)固溶体合金涂层并结合后热处理原位反应制备了纳米结构FeAl金属间化合物涂层。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等研究了机械合金化Fe(Al)固溶体合金粉末、喷涂态Fe(Al)合金及热处理后FeAl金属间化合物涂层的组织结构特征。结果表明,球磨Fe(Al)合金粉末具有精细的层状结构,喷涂态Fe(Al)合金涂层具有不同于传统热喷涂涂层的独特层状结构,保留了与原始粉末类似的纳米结构;在500℃热处理后涂层中Fe(Al)固溶体转变为FeAl金属间化合物,其晶粒尺寸约为30 nm。     

机械合金化及真空热压制备纳米晶Fe3Al的组织及性能

采用机械合金化(MA)及热压烧结工艺制备纳米晶Fe3Al块体材料。采用X射线衍射、透射电镜、扫描电镜等对MA粉体及热压块体的相及显微组织进行分析,并对热压块体的力学性能及断口形貌进行了测试分析。结果表明:Fe72Al28混合粉在球磨过程中,Al逐渐溶入Fe中,形成Fe(Al)过饱和固溶体,纳米晶粉体的结构有序度较低。在1200℃,保温1h下真空热压烧结,Fe(Al)转变为有序的DO3-Fe3Al,同时发生晶粒长大。Fe3Al块体晶粒尺寸为40.1nm,相对密度大于96%,维氏硬度626.8 HV,三点弯曲强度985MPa;弯曲断口为脆性断口,但也呈现出一定韧性断裂特征。     

WC/FeAl金属间化合物基金属陶瓷涂层的冷喷涂制备

采用WC/Fe/Al混合粉末,通过机械合金化制备40v0l％ WC/Fe(Al)固溶体复合粉末,利用冷喷涂沉积涂层并结合热处理原位反应制备了WC/FeAl金属间化合物基金属陶瓷涂层.研究了球磨时间对复合粉末相结构、晶粒尺寸及组织结构的影响,并分析了冷喷涂WC/FeAl金属间化合物基金属陶瓷涂层的组织和显微硬度.结果表明,机械合金化可获得WC陶瓷颗粒呈微/纳米多尺度分布的WC/Fe(Al)金属陶瓷复合粉末,球磨36 h的复合粉末基体相平均晶粒尺寸约为90 nm,冷喷复合涂层组织致密、多尺度WC颗粒在基体中均匀弥散分布,涂层显微硬度约为1060 HV0.3,涂层在650℃热处理后发生Fe(Al)固溶体向FeAl金属间化合物的原位转变,制备出了WC/FeAl金属间化合物基金属陶瓷涂层.     

原位TiB2/Fe3Al基纳米复合材料的合成及其晶粒生长动力学(Ⅱ)——热处理过程中机械合金化Fe-Al-Ti-B四元粉体的结构演变与晶粒生长动力学

研究了机械合金化合成的Fe-Al-Ti-B四元粉体在800-1100℃等温热处理过程中的结构演变及晶粒生长动力学,讨论了晶粒生长机制。研究表明,采用机械合金化加后续热处理工艺可以合成原位TiB2/Fe3Al基纳米复合材料粉体。球磨80h的Fe-Al-Ti-B四元粉体在热处理过程中Fe(Al,Ti,B)分解形成纳米晶DO3-Fe3Al及TiB2两个组成相。随热处理温度的升高,Fe3Al晶粒生长由主要受晶界扩散控制过渡到主要受晶格扩散控制。在热处理过程中,Fe3Al晶粒生长的动力学方程为:K=1.5×10-5exp(-578.7×103/RT),晶粒生长受到明显的抑制,原位TiB2/Fe3Al基纳米复合材料粉体的热稳定性高。     

3Fe/Al混合粉末的高能球磨及环境介质的相互作用

利用Fritsch Pulversitte 5型行星式球磨机、扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱仪和X射线衍射仪研究了3Fe/Al元素混合粉末的机械球磨过程以及球磨过程中混合粉末与环境介质的相互作用.研究证实,球磨过程中存在颗粒断裂、冷焊机制,球磨20h产物为α-Fe(Al)固溶体,其表面生成一层由Fe2O3和Al2O3组成的氧化膜.     

MA法制备Fe83Nb7B9Cu1纳米晶粉末及其热稳定性

利用高能球磨法在Fe Nb B Cu体系中获得纳米晶粉末 ,研究了机械球磨过程中产物的组织结构、α Fe相平均晶粒尺寸及其热稳定性。结果表明 :采用Fe 2 0B中间合金粉末代替B粉并未明显影响机械合金化动力学过程 ;球磨至 5h时 ,即可获得平均晶粒尺寸约 18nm的α Fe单相过饱和固溶体 ,其后延长球磨时间 ,晶粒尺寸缓慢减小 ,至 45h后 ,平均晶粒尺寸减小到 9nm。退火处理后的XRD分析表明 ,α Fe过饱和固溶体从 10 0℃开始发生结构弛豫现象 ,738.8℃后则发生了相转变 :α Fe过饱和固溶体→α Fe固溶体 Fe3 B FeB ,在 5 5 0℃以内退火 ,纳米晶粒长大不明显 ,在 770～ 95 0℃范围内退火 ,晶粒开始明显长大 ,但晶粒尺寸仍处于纳米级范围。     

机械化学反应合成Fe3Al-Al2O3复合粉体

以Fe3O4粉和Al粉为原料,采用机械球磨诱发化学反应制备了Fe3Al-Al2O3纳米晶复合粉体。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和附带能量色散谱仪(EDS)的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合粉体球磨过程中的固态反应过程、表面形貌进行表征。结果表明,球磨过程中,30 min后混合粉末中开始出现少量的Al2O3颗粒,1 h后大部分Fe3O4被还原,形成α-Al2O3、θ-Al2O3、Fe(Al)固溶体和FeO,另有Al剩余。球磨3 h后,大部分的θ-Al2O3转变为α-Al2O3,Fe(Al)固溶体、FeO和剩余的Al粉在机械力的作用下反应形成FeAl化合物和Fe.911O。继续球磨至5 h后,FeAl化合物和Fe.911O相互反应而完全消耗,得到Fe3Al-Al2O3复合粉体。机械力诱发的Fe3O4和Al之间的反应属于突发型反应,诱发反应的临界球磨时间约为50 min。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.