喷射成形H13钢的耐腐蚀行为

采用电化学测试和浸泡实验研究了喷射成形H13钢与铸造H13钢的耐腐蚀性能,通过OM、SEM和TEM分析了材料组织对耐蚀性的影响以及腐蚀机理。结果表明:喷射成形H13钢在1050℃淬火后600℃回火时自腐蚀电位最高,耐腐蚀性能最好;喷射成形H13钢的点腐蚀由夹杂物引起,点腐蚀产物在夹杂物周围沉积,造成溶液局部p H下降,加速了腐蚀过程;与铸造H13钢相比,由于喷射成形H13钢组织中存在孔洞,晶界、位错密度大,容易成为点蚀的诱发源,回火后在晶界和马氏体边界析出的大量碳化物造成基体贫Cr,增加了阴阳极的电位差,导致喷射成形H13钢的耐蚀性与铸造H13钢相比稍差。     

RE-N-C-S-V-Nb 多元共渗 H13 钢的热疲劳性能研究

利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析技术,对比经过RE-N-C-S-V-Nb多元共渗处理、气体渗氮处理和淬火+回火处理的H13钢三种试样的热疲劳性能,依据裂纹特征、裂纹结构,证明RE-N-C-S-V-Nb多元共渗H13钢具有较强的抗热疲劳性能。研究了多元共渗钒铌碳氮化物的细晶强化作用和位错强化作用,及其对钢热稳定性、高温硬度和抗氧化性的影响,从理论上揭示了RE-N-C-S-V-Nb多元共渗对热疲劳性能的强化机制。     

提高铝合金压铸模寿命的途径

3Cr2W8V钢制铝合金压铸模经1110℃油淬、720～750℃回火(预备热处理),1090℃奥氏体化、270℃等温淬火和610℃回火2次,使其硬度由27 HRC提高到34～35 HRC,再经盐浴渗氮后,其使用寿命可从压铸10 000件提高到57 000件。如将盐浴渗氮改为盐浴S-N-C共渗并在使用中间进行除应力处理,可使模具寿命达到8～11万件。此外还介绍了H13钢压铸模的热处理工艺。     

T10钢低温盐浴渗铬直接淬火回火工艺的研究

研究了Ｔ１０钢在低温盐浴渗铬后直接淬火并回火工艺。结果表明,低温盐浴渗铬后进行直接淬火回火的Ｔ１０钢,表面硬度高,渗层和基体的硬度过渡较平滑,且渗后存在比较厚的扩散层。     

预热方式对3Cr13不锈钢氮碳氧复合渗层厚度及性能的影响

经淬火、回火处理后,对3Cr13不锈钢进行氮碳氧复合渗可提高其硬度和耐蚀性,研究了不同预热方式对该钢复合渗层硬度和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明：不预热直接进行氮碳氧复合处理后,3Cr13不锈钢渗层薄,且不均匀;经400 ℃空气炉中预热及氧化盐浴中预热后,渗层厚度较厚,且均匀。3Cr13不锈钢经复合处理后表层硬度大幅提高,400 ℃空气炉中及氧化盐浴中预热试样表层（距表面距离≤45 μm）硬度比不预热试样硬度高100～150 HV0.1。3Cr13不锈钢复合渗层耐蚀性由高到低为：400 ℃空气炉中预热、400 ℃氧化盐浴中预热、不预热。     

回火温度对30 Cr13 Nb0.1铸造马氏体不锈钢组织和性能的影响

熔炼了含0.117%Nb(质量分数)的30Cr13Nb0.1马氏体不锈钢。对钢锭进行了1 100℃保温2 h均匀化退火、1 020℃保温30 min水淬及分别在250、350和450℃回火2 h。随后采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪等检测了钢的显微组织、硬度、冲击韧性及断口形貌。结果表明:经相同工艺淬火、不同温度回火的钢中碳化物均沿晶界析出,且随着回火温度的升高,碳化物析出量增多,其形态从点状、细链状转变为长链状和条片状,硬度先降低后升高,冲击韧性先升高后降低。此外,腐蚀电位和点蚀电位测量结果表明:450℃回火的钢耐腐蚀性能最差,350℃回火的钢耐蚀性能最好。     

H13钢RE-N-C-S-V-Nb多元共渗工艺优化

采用正交试验法,对H13钢试样的RE-N-C-S-V-Nb多元共渗层的显微组织及物相组成、厚度、硬度进行分析。优化后工艺为：570℃×3.5 h预渗处理,1010℃×1.2 h盐浴淬火,575℃×4 h盐浴回火。经优化工艺处理后,得到了7~8μm高硬度和高熔点的V、Nb氮碳化合物层,且过渡层厚度达82~90μm。     

H13热作模具钢RE-N-C-S-V-Nb多元共渗层的研究

对H13热作模具钢进行盐浴RE-N-C-S-V-Nb多元共渗,研究了渗层试样的组织、硬度及高温抗氧化性.结果表明:H13钢经盐浴RE-N-C-S-V-Nb共渗处理后,形成了厚约17 μm的表面渗层,渗层主要由含V,Nb和C,N的化合物组成,且组织细小而均匀,显微硬度呈梯度变化,高温抗氧化性能较好.     

热处理工艺对5Cr钢力学性能和耐蚀性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、拉伸及冲击试验机等仪器研究了不同热处理工艺对5Cr钢组织和力学性能的影响,利用高温高压反应釜模拟腐蚀过程,并结合电化学测试对比分析了热轧态和调质态钢的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:5Cr钢经淬火+回火处理后,组织中碳化物弥散析出,具有较高的强度和良好的塑、韧性。热轧态钢的腐蚀速率为0.188 mm/a,调质态钢为0.158 mm/a。调质态钢中作为阴极的碳化物(Fe₃C)少且均匀弥散分布,组织自腐蚀电位较高,腐蚀电流密度较低,电偶腐蚀程度较浅,耐腐蚀性能较好。     

热处理工艺和渗氮处理对H13模具钢硬度的影响

研究热处理工艺和渗氮处理对H13钢硬度的影响规律。结果表明,H13钢的硬度随淬火温度的升高而增加,随回火温度的升高而减小。在1 100℃淬火+540℃回火处理后,H13钢的硬度为53⁵7 HRC。渗氮处理后,H13钢的硬度从表层到中心变化平缓。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.