多目标优化问题的粒子群算法仿真研究*

研究了一种用于求解多目标优化问题的粒子群算法(CMMOPSO)。该算法采用外部存档存储每一代产生的非劣解, 并且采用拥挤距离来维持外部存档规模, 同时提出一种新的全局最优粒子的选取策略(基于拥挤距离和收敛性距离)来提升粒子向Pareto前沿飞行的概率;为提升种群跳出局部最优解的能力, 以一定的概率对外部存档中粒子进行变异操作。通过典型的多目标测试函数对提出的算法进行检测, 结果表明,CMMOPSO算法在求解多目标问题上有一定的优势。因此, CMMOPSO可以作为求解多目标优化问题的有效算法。     

求解多目标优化问题的自适应粒子群算法

提出了一种基于自适应惯性权重的多目标粒子群优化算法AWMOPSO,采用新的适应值分配机制,在搜索过程中根据粒子的适应值对粒子进行分类,动态调整粒子的惯性权重以控制粒子的开发和探索能力。用外部精英集保存非支配解,并通过拥挤距离维持解的多样性。引入精英迁移和局部扰动策略,提高收敛的速度和精度。典型的测试函数的计算结果表明了算法能够快速逼近Pareto最优前沿,是求解多目标优化问题的有效方法。     

基于动态邻居和变异因子的多目标粒子群算法*

为了克服粒子群算法求解多目标问题极易收敛到伪Pareto前沿(等价于单目标优化问题中的局部最优解)和收敛速度较慢的缺陷,提出一种合并帕累托占优概念到动态邻居和变异因子的粒子群算法(particle swarm optimizer based on dynamic neighbor topology and mutation operator,DNMPSO)来处理多目标优化问题(DNMMOPSO),该算法也合并了外部存档技术来存储每次迭代产生的非劣解。模拟结果表明,提出的算法在多目标检测问题上要优于其他算法     

多目标自适应混沌粒子群优化算法

提出一种多目标自适应混沌粒子群优化算法(MACPSO). 首先, 基于混沌序列提出一种新型动态加权方法选择全局最优粒子; 然后, 改进NSGA-II 拥挤距离计算方法, 并应用到一种严格的外部存档更新策略中; 最后, 针对外部存档提出一种基于世代距离的自适应变异策略. 以上操作不仅提高了算法的收敛性, 而且提高了Pareto 最优解的均匀性. 实验结果表明了所提出算法的有效性.

     

求解人力资源分配问题的多目标微粒群优化算法*

提出一种改进的多目标微粒群优化算法来求解人力资源分配问题.通过对种群进行正交初始化,保证了个体在整个可行解空间上的均匀分散,使得算法能够在整个可行解空间上进行均匀搜索;通过基于网格技术的外部存档非劣解删选策略,有效地保留了逼近Pareto前沿的非劣解;引入一种广义的学习策略来提升粒子向Pareto前沿收敛的概率.实验结...     

一种新的多目标粒子群优化算法

论文提出了一种基于拥挤度和动态惯性权重聚合的多目标粒子群优化算法,该算法采用Pareto支配关系来更新粒子的个体最优值,用外部存档策略保存搜索过程中发现的非支配解;采用适应值拥挤度裁剪归档中的非支配解,并从归档中的稀松区域随机选取精英作为粒子的全局最优位置,以保持解的多样性;采用动态惯性权重聚合的方法以使算法尽可能地逼近各目标的最优解。仿真结果表明,该算法性能较好,能很好地求解多目标优化问题。     

基于二进制交叉和变异的粒子群算法及应用

粒子群算法在求解多峰问题时极易陷入局部最优解,提出了基于模拟二进制交叉和多项式变异的粒子群算法(sPDPSO>。在该算法中,为了更好地利用每个粒子的历史信息,引入了外部存档存储每个粒子的最优位置( pbest) ;同时,对外部存档中的pbest进行二进制交叉,而对新产生的全局最优粒子进行多项式变异。基准函数的测试结果显示,SPDPS()算法在求解多峰问题上有一定的优势。在实际应用中,以TSP为研究对象,结果显示SPDPSO算法获得了比其它算法更好的解。     

MOPSO算法及其在水库优化调度中的应用

提出了一种新的多目标粒子群优化(MOPSO)算法，该算法采用自适应网格方法来估计非劣解集中粒子的密度信息、平衡全局和局部搜索能力的Pareto最优解的搜索机制、删除品质差的多余粒子的Archive集的修剪技术。通过对三峡梯级多目标优化调度问题的计算，表明该算法是求解大规模复杂多目标优化问题的一种有效手段。     

综合密度信息的矢量变异多目标粒子群优化

粒子群优化算法求解多目标优化问题存在早熟收敛和后期收敛速性差的不足,解的分布性也有待提高。为此设计一种新的多目标粒子群优化算法：对寻求粒子最优解的sigma方法进行改进,提出一种综合非支配解密度信息和sigma值的最优解求解机制。对变异粒子速度进行矢量扰动变异;对停滞粒子进行位置变异,有效避免算法的早熟收敛问题。测试结果表明,所提出的算法在收敛性和解的分布性、多样性方面较经典的算法具有明显的优势。     

基于ε占优的自适应多目标粒子群算法

针对粒了群算法求解多目标问题极易收敛到伪Pareto前沿(等价于单目标优化问题中的局部最优解),并且收敛速度较慢的问题,提出一种ε占优的自适应多目标粒子群算法(εDMOPSO)..在εDMOPSO算法中,每个粒子的邻居根据粒了的运行动态地组建,且粒了的速度小由其邻居中运行最好的粒予来调整,而是由其所有邻居共同调整.同时...     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。