Effect of mechanical activation on alkali leaching of chromite ore

Mechanical activation was used to improve the extraction of chromium in molten NaOH. It is observed that the extraction ratio reaches 97% after leaching for 200 min when chromite ore is mechanically activated for 10 min, but only 34% if not activated. Mechanical activation can decrease the particle size, increase the surface area, and enhance the lattice distortion. Further, the mechanisms for mechanical activation were exposed. The results show that the mechanical activation mainly focuses on chromite ore particle size decrease and the lattice distortion. The formation of aggregation weakens the strengthening effect of mechanical activation for releasing high surface energy.     

Effect of processing history of pyrite on its leaching kinetics

1　INTRODUCTIONThereliableknowledgeaboutleachingkineticofmineralsisofgreatimportancefordevelopinghy drometallurgical processes .Butmanyatime ,re searchersobtainedscatteredresultsforthesamepro cess .Forexample ,theapparentactivationenergyforthedigestionofpyritebyoxygeninsulfateacidsolu tionrangeswidelyfrom 39to 84kJ/mol[13] .Usual ly ,thedifferenceisascribedtothevarietyinmineralresource ,chemicalcompositionand ,accuracyofex perimentalmethods.Howeveronlythisisstillunsat isfactoryforexplain…     

Influence of crystal structure on mechanical activation effect

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｔｉｓｗｅｌｌａｃｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅｄｔｈａｔｉｎｔｅｎｓｅｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌａｃ ｔｉｏｎｍａｙｃａｕｓｅｒｅｍａｒｋａｂｌｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｉｎｒｅａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｏｆｓｏｌｉｄｓ .Ａｌｏｔｏｆｂａｓｉｃｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｉｎｆｉｅｌｄｓｏｆｇｅｏｌｏｇｙ[1] ,ｍｅｔａｌｌｕｒ ｇｙ[2 6] ,ａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ[3 ] ,ｈａｓｓｈｏｗｎｔｈａｔｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅａｎｄｓｔｒｅｓｓａｒｅｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｅｄａｔｔｈｅｃｏｎｔａｃｔｓｉｔ…     

Effect of mechanical activation on dissolution kinetics of neutral leach residue of zinc calcine in sulphuric acid

Neutral leach residue of zinc calcine (NLRZC) was mechanically activated by a stirring ball mill. Subsequently, the changes in physicochemical properties and dissolution kinetics in sulphuric acid were studied. The crystalline structure, morphology, particle size and specific surface area of the non-activated and mechanically activated NLRZC were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, particle size analyzer and volumetric adsorption analyzer, respectively. The characterization results indicate that mechanical activation (MA) induced remarkable changes in the physicochemical properties of NLRZC. The leaching experiments show that MA significantly enhances the leaching reactivity of NLRZC using the zinc extraction as evaluating index. After NLRZC is mechanically activated for 30 min and 60 min, the activation energy decreases from 56.6 kJ/mol of non-activated NLRZC to 36.1 kJ/mol and 29.9 kJ/mol, respectively. The reaction orders of the non-activated, 30 and 60 min activated NLRZC dissolution with respect to H₂SO₄ concentration were found to be 0.34, 0.30, and 0.29, respectively.     

湿法炼锌净化渣酸浸的动力学

对湿法炼锌净化渣的浸出动力学进行了研究,并探讨了硫酸浓度、反应温度、粒度等对钴、锌浸出率的影响规律。从动力学的角度分析了整个浸出过程,得到优化条件：液固比50：1(mL/g),硫酸浓度100 g/L,反应温度70°C,粒度75~80μm,反应时间20 min。在此优化条件下钴的浸出率为99.8%,锌的浸出率为91.97%。结果表明：在硫酸体系中钴的浸出符合不生成固体产物层的“未反应收缩核”模型。通过 Arrhenius 经验公式求得钴和锌表观反应活化能分别为11.693 kJ/mol和6.6894 kJ/mol,这表明浸出过程受边界层扩散控制。     

机械活化对异极矿碱法浸出及物理性能的影响

为了提高异极矿在碱性溶液中的浸出效率, 采用QM-1SP行星球磨机对云南南坪异极矿进行机械活化强化浸出研究.通过浸出动力学实验、扫描电镜分析(SEM)、粒度分析、热重-差热分析、X射线衍射分析探讨机械活化对异极矿晶体结构和浸出行为影响的规律.结果表明:机械活化使异极矿细化分散、矿晶格显著畸变并在表面形成非晶态层,矿物颗粒处于高能亚稳态;机械活化可有效阻止不溶性浸出产物在矿物颗粒表面的积累,消除直接浸出的停滞期,使浸出速率加快,相同浸时间内锌浸出率显著提高;碱法直接浸出异极矿浸出率达到80.5%需6 h,球磨15 min后异极矿达到相同浸出率仅需3 h;磨-浸结合(Mechano-chemical)具有更佳的浸出效果.     

烧结电除尘灰中钾盐的回收及其浸出动力学

为了研究烧结电除尘灰中回收钾盐的强化浸出措施,使用ICP-AES、SEM-EDS和XRD分析技术对除尘灰的表面和内部形态,特别是钾盐的赋存形式进行分析。结果表明,该电除尘灰的主要成分是铁氧化合物,在其表面裸露吸附着一定含量的KCl晶体。水浸实验表明,该粉尘中的KCl可以通过水浸出、蒸发结晶的方式回收,其收率为18.56%。结晶产物的分析结果表明,KCl占61.21%,NaCl占13.40%,CaSO4占14.62%,K2SO4占10.86%。其水浸出动力学符合外扩散控制模型控制。强化浸出实验表明,提高浸出温度、加强搅拌、增加液固比等措施可以提高钾盐的浸出率和浸出速率。     

机械活化黄铜矿的团聚−集聚及浸出性能

研究机械活化对黄铜矿粒度参数、显微组织和浸出性能的影响,并探讨活化过程中团聚和集聚的发生和转变.结果表明,研磨8h前黄铜矿的团聚与显微组织变化互不影响;然而,研磨8h后晶粒尺寸的降低达到极限,显微组织变化停滞,使得团聚被集聚取代.浸出实验结果表明,机械活化能显著提高黄铜矿的浸出性能,而集聚对浸出的阻碍作用远强于团聚.经...     

Bio-oxidation of arsenopyrite

Oxidation of arsenopyrite with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans was studied. The electrochemical results show that arsenopyrite is firstly oxidized to As2S2 at the potential of 0.2-0.3 V （vs SHE） and As2S2 covers the electrode and retards the process continuously. While at higher potential over 0.3 V （vs SHE）, AszS2 is oxidized to H3AsO3, and H3AsO3 is then oxidized to H3AsO4 at 0.8 V （vs SHE）. The leaching results show that the addition of FeS2 can promote the oxidation of As^3＋ to As^5＋ and increase the activity of the bacteria. The best bio-oxidation technical parameters are the initial pH of 1.8-2.0, particle sizes less than 0.074 mm, temperature in the range of 25-30℃ and rotating speed of the orbital incubator of 100-160 r/min. The results provide theoretical and technological supports of bio-oxidation arsenopyrite for pretreating refractory arsenic gold ores.     

尼日利亚钛铁矿的矿物学特征和浸出行为

研究尼日利亚钛铁矿矿物学特征和经机械活化和碱性焙烧处理后的浸出行为。研究了 NaOH/矿石比、H2SO4浓度、浸出和焙烧温度对钛回收率的影响。结果表明,机械活化对钛铁矿石的浸出有明显的增强作用。钛铁矿经机械活化后,加入60%NaOH在850°C下焙烧,在温度为90°C,经60%H2SO4浸出4 h下的浸出率为72%。对焙烧矿、水处理后残渣和酸浸滤渣的XRD物相分析证实了反应机理和实验结果。     

不同含砷类型金矿的细菌氧化-氰化浸出

对含砷类型不同的金精矿和单矿物进行细菌氧化-氰化浸出研究,分析毒砂和雄黄对金精矿细菌氧化-氰化浸出效果的影响。结果表明:在细菌氧化过程中,含砷金精矿中的毒砂易被氧化分解,经过192 h的细菌氧化后,脱砷率可达93.10%;而雄黄无法被细菌氧化分解,且影响细菌活性,延长浸矿的停滞期;在氰化浸出过程中,毒砂非常稳定,不参与任何副反应;而雄黄易与CN-及保护碱发生副反应,且产生的沉淀物质会在金粒表面形成薄膜,从而降低氰化浸出效率。     

采用Na2SO3溶液从硒渣中选择性浸出Se及其动力学

采用SO2还原沉金后液制得硒渣,再用Na2SO3选择性浸出硒渣,使Se得到有效分离;通过研究浸出过程中Se浸出率随时间的变化,建立该反应的动力学方程,确定Na2SO3溶液浓度、液固比、搅拌速度及反应温度对Se浸出率的影响,并计算相应的表观活化能。结果表明:增加Na2SO3溶液浓度和升高反应温度可以较大幅度提高Se的浸出率,液固比和搅拌速度对浸出Se的影响较小;Na2SO3浸出Se过程为Avrami模型混合控制,其特征参数n和表观活化能E分别为0.235和20.847 kJ/mol,Se的浸出率受反应温度的影响较大。     

Kinetics of acid-oxygen leaching of low-sulfur Ni-Cu matte at atmospheric pressure

The leaching of low-sulfur Ni-Cu matte in acid-oxygen (CuSO4-H2SO4-O2) solution at atmospheric pressure was researched. This matte was obtained from high grade Ni-Cu matte by magnetic separation, which mainly contained Ni-Cu alloy and a small quantity of sulfides. The effects of temperature, agitation speed, oxygen flow rate, particle size, acid concentration and concentration of copper ion were studied. It is found that the matte particles are leached by shrinking core mechanism and the leaching process is electrochemically controlled. In a temperature range of 30-60 ℃, the surface reaction is rate-limiting step, with an apparent activation energy of 41.9 kJ/mol. But at higher temperature (70-85℃), the rate process is controlled by diffusion through the product layer, with an apparent activation energy of 7.3 kJ/mol.     

Kinetic study on pressure leaching of high iron sphalerite concentrate

The kinetics of pressure leaching high iron sphalerite concentrate was studied.The effects of agitation rate,temperature, oxygen partial pressure,initial acid concentration,particle size,iron content in the concentrate and concentration of Fe2 added into the solution on the leaching rate of zinc were examined.The experiment results indicate that if the agitation rate is greater than 600 r/min,its influence on Zn leaching rate is not substantial.A suitable rise in temperature can facilitate the leaching reaction,and the temperature should be controlled at 140-150℃.The increase trend of Zn leaching rate becomes slow when pressure is greater than 1.2 MPa,so the pressure is controlled at 1.2-1.4 MPa.Under the conditions of this study,Zn leaching rate decreases with a rise in the initial sulfuric acid concentration;and Zn leaching rate increases with a rise of iron content in the concentrate and Fe 2 concentration in the solution.Moreover,the experiment demonstrates that the leaching process follows the surface chemical reaction control kinetic law of“shrinking of unreacted core”.The activation energy for pressure leaching high iron sphalerite concentrate is calculated,and a mathematical model for this pressure leaching is obtained.The model is promising to guide the practical operation of pressure leaching high iron sphalerite concentrate.     

砷黄铁矿在酸性体系下的电化学氧化

在酸性体系下研究砷黄铁矿的电化学氧化。结果表明:砷黄铁矿首先被氧化为As2S2,覆盖于电极表面,使电极表面发生钝化;随着电位的继续升高,As2S2被氧化生成亚砷酸,随后亚砷酸被氧化为砷酸,亚铁离子被氧化成铁离子。不同pH和温度下的腐蚀动力学研究表明,随着pH值的增大,体系的腐蚀电位正移,腐蚀电流密度减小;随着温度的升高,砷黄铁矿的腐蚀电位负移,腐蚀电流密度增大。说明在研究的pH及温度范围内,降低体系的pH或提高温度都有利于砷黄铁矿的氧化。交流阻抗研究结果表明,不同电位下电极表面发生的电化学反应机理不同,测定结果与线性扫描的研究结果相吻合。     

黄铁矿对砷黄铁矿生物浸出的影响

为探明黄铁矿在砷黄铁矿生物浸出过程中的作用与影响,选择纯黄铁矿和砷黄铁矿组成的矿浆浸出体系,考察黄铁矿和砷黄铁矿质量比以及黄铁矿粒度对体系中砷的浸出率以及砷的氧化状态的影响。结果表明：砷的浸出率随黄铁矿与砷黄铁矿质量比的增加而升高,随黄铁矿粒度的增加而减少。当黄铁矿的粒度小于74μm、黄铁矿与砷黄铁矿质量比为10：2时,砷的最高浸出率为97.7%,比不添加黄铁矿时砷的浸出率提高了约43.18%。且黄铁矿可以加速As(Ⅲ)转化为As(Ⅴ),降低矿浆对细菌的毒害,使生物浸出体系细菌密度提高、pH下降、氧化还原电位φh升高并与砷黄铁矿形成原电池效应,从而促进砷黄铁矿的浸出。     

Transformation and leaching kinetics of silicon from low-grade nickel laterite ore by pre-roasting and alkaline leaching process

The mineralogical phase transformation of a low-grade nickel laterite ore during pre-roasting process and the extraction of silicon during alkaline leaching process were investigated. The results indicate that the reaction activity of nickel ores is effectively improved by pre-roasting at 650 °C for 2 h, because of the transformation of lizardite into magnesium olivine and protoenstatite. When finely ground ore samples (44–61 μm) pre-roasted firstly react with sodium hydroxide solution (60 g/L) with a solid/liquid ratio of 1:5 at 140 °C for 120 min, the extraction of silicon can reach 89.89%, and the other valuable elements of magnesium, iron and nickel are accumulated in the solid residues. The leaching kinetics of nickel laterite ore can be described successfully by the diffusion through the product layer control model. The activation energy is calculated to be 11.63 kJ/mol and the kinetics equation can be expressed as 1–3(1–x)^2/3+2(1–x)=13.53×10^?2exp[–11.63/(RT)]t.     

氨性溶液中砷黄铁矿阳极氧化过程的电化学

通过电化学研究 ,考察了氨溶液中砷黄铁矿的阳极氧化反应。实验表明氧化生成的表面膜对反应有抑制作用 ,该膜具有多孔性 ,可使反应继续进行。低温时 ,阳极氧化过程由电化学反应控制 ;高温时 ,反应受扩散过程控制。氨浓度对氧化过程的反应速率没有显著影响 ,溶液中Cu2 能降低氧化峰电位 ,改变氧化表面膜的形态 ,使膜的孔隙增大 ,反应速度加快。砷黄铁矿的阳极氧化总反应为FeAsS 11H2 O =Fe(OH) 3 SO2 -4 HAsO2 -4 18H 14e。     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌（SH—T）氧化毒砂的机理

采用优良的氧化亚铁硫杆菌SH-T菌株对含金毒砂势光片和纯毒砂粉末进行氧化试验,并作了定量定域的显微观察分析,研究了每一阶段毒砂表面的性质和毒砂氧化膜的形成过程,毒砂在细菌氧化后覆盖了黄色氧化膜,抑制了细菌的快速氧化。用X射线粉晶衍射法对细菌氧化产物进行物相分析,结果表明氧化物的主要成分为黄钾铁矾,其次为砷华,细菌氧化膜的X射线光电子谱分析表明毒砂晶体中As表现出[AsS]^2→As(Ⅲ）→As(Ⅴ）的价态变化过程,揭示了细菌氧化过程中毒砂形貌变化规律和晶体的内在联系。     

Characterization and kinetic study on ammonia leaching of complex copper ore

Ammonia leaching kinetics of a complex Cu-ore assaying 8.8% Cu and 36.1% Fe was examined. Mineralogical characterization indicated that the major phase of the ore was siderite with chalcopyrite as the major sulfide mineral. The effects of parameters such as agitation, temperature, NH₃ concentration, particle size and oxygen partial pressure (p_O2) were investigated. Under the standard leaching conditions of 125–212 µm particle size, 120 °C, 1.29 mol/L NH₃ and 202 kPa of p_O2, about 83% Cu could be selectively extracted in 2.5 h. However, when using higher NH₃ concentration and lower particle size, more than 95% extraction was achieved. The leaching process was found to be surface reaction controlling. The estimated activation energy was (37.6±1.9) kJ/mol and empirical orders of reaction with respect to p_O2 and [NH₃] were about 0.2 and 1, respectively.