无花果叶不同溶剂提取物抗氧化活性的比较研究

[目的]研究不同溶剂提取对无花果叶抗氧化能力的影响.[方法]以不同溶剂对无花果叶进行超声提取,比较各提取物抗猪油氧化及清除DPPH(1,1-Dipheny1-2-picrylhydrazyl)和ABTS[2,2-Azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)]自由基的能力.[结果]各提取物对猪油的抗氧化能力为:蒸馏水提取物>70%乙醇提取物>甲醇提取物>乙酸乙酯提取物>无水乙醇提取物;对DPPH和ABTS自由基的清除能力为:蒸馏水提取物>70%乙醇提取物>甲醇提取物>无水乙醇提取物>乙酸乙酯提取物,水提物清除DPPH的IC<,50>值为0.49 ms/ml,清除ABTS的IC<,50>值为1.54 mg/ml.[结论]无花果叶水提物具有较强的抗氧化性能,有开发功能性抗氧化剂的潜在价值.     

白花丹素的提取及其抗氧化活性研究

[目的]从白花丹中提取活性成分白花丹素,研究抗氧化活性并探讨作用机理.[方法]利用柱层析法从白花丹的乙醇提取液中分离得到其活性成分白花丹素,通过核磁共振、红外光谱,质谱等谱学方法鉴定化合物结构;运用磷钼酸盐法测定不同浓度白花丹素的总抗氧化能力;运用碘量法测定不同浓度白花丹素抑制花生油脂过氧化的能力.[结果]白花丹素表现出较强的总抗氧化能力,能明显抑制油脂过氧化,且呈正相的剂量效应和时间效应,各处理浓度的抗氧化能力也基本表现出优于BHT(1.0 mg∥ml)的抗氧化能力.[结论]白花丹素萘醌环的酚羟基是抗氧化作用的主要活性基团,白花丹素的抗氧化能力是抗肿瘤作用的重要机制之一.     

花脸香蘑发酵物的体外抗氧化及抗肿瘤活性研究

[目的]测定花脸香蘑[Lepista sordida(Schumach.Fr.)Singer]发酵产物的体外抗氧化及抗肿瘤活性.[方法]利用不同溶剂对花脸香蘑发酵次生代谢物质进行了分级分离提取,用二苯基苦味酰基苯肼(DPPH)法检测各级分离物的抗氧化活性;用噻唑兰(MTT)法检测其体外抗肿瘤活性.[结果]固体发酵花脸香蘑乙酸乙酯相抗氧化活性最高,其次为发酵液乙酸乙酯相;花脸香蘑发酵液乙酸乙酯相抗肿瘤活性最高,对人宫颈癌细胞Hela的IC<,50>值为50μg/ml;菌丝提取物也表现出较强的抗氧化、抗肿瘤活性.[结论]该结果为进一步研究和开发利用花脸香蘑提供了新的科学依据.     

冬眠及外源维生素C对中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)稚鳖能量代谢的影响

观测了冬眠前饲料中添加外源维生素C(Vc)对冬眠中华鳖稚鳖能量代谢的影响.结果发现外源Vc不能提高冬眠期间中华鳖的存活率(P=0.57).稚鳖个体在冬眠期间生长能的平均值为-0.15 kJ·d-1,该值与代谢耗能相当.鳖体蛋白、脂肪、水分和灰分质量分数ω在冬眠前后无显著差异(P＞0.05),外源Vc对鳖的体组成没有明显影响(P＞0.05).冬眠8周后,肝脏线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶(COX)和肝脏乳酸锐氧酶(LDH)的活性显著下降(P＜0.05).饲料外源Vc对肝脏线粒体蛋白含量、肝脏线粒体COX和LDH的活性均无影响(P＞0.05).     

用于特殊电镀行业的含硫活性镍扣的制备

考察了电解液中掺硫剂TS、添加剂SB的质量浓度及电流密度等关键因素对镍扣含硫量和产品物理外观的影响,研究了1^#电解镍与含硫镍扣产品电化学活性的区别,确定了采用硫化镍可溶阳极电解制备含硫活性镍扣的工艺和最佳技术参数.最佳技术参数为：掺硫剂TS的质量浓度7.53 mg·L^-1、添加剂SB的质量浓度36.97 mg·L^-1）、平均表观电流密度1300 A·m^-2,其他技术参数与电解镍生产技术参数相同.在上述条件下制备出的含硫镍扣,外表光亮,形状规则,硫的质量分数在0.01%~0.03%之间.其电化学活性较强,化学成分也均符合1^#电解镍的要求.该工艺目前已应用于工业生产,产品可以满足精密电镀行业所需特殊电镀阳极的需求.     

基于正交法的高炉渣排碱试验研究

为了改善高炉渣的排碱能力,通过正交法设计试验研究了不同炉渣碱度、MgO含量、Al2O3含量和温度对炉渣排碱能力的影响,并使用Factsage软件对试验用渣的黏度进行了计算。结果表明：碱度是影响炉渣排碱能力最重要的因素,温度次之,MgO、Al2O3含量变化对试验结果的影响较小;温度、碱度、MgO含量的升高都不利于排碱;具有较强排碱能力并可满足高炉冶炼要求的炉渣条件是：碱度R为0．90,MgO质量分数为8．00％,Al2O3质量分数为15．。0％～17．00％,炉渣温度为1500℃。     

ZrCoRE吸气薄膜的膜层结构与性能研究

为了研究膜层结构对非蒸散型吸气薄膜性能的影响,运用射频磁控溅射法(RF magnetron sputtering)制备了ZrCoRE单层膜和双层膜,其中单层膜只含主体层,双层膜含有主体层和附着层。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、X射线衍射法(XRD)表征了薄膜的形貌和结构,利用ASTM F798-97"动态法"测试了薄膜的吸气性能。结果表明,ZrCoRE薄膜的主体层在较高沉积压强(4 Pa)下受到原子阴影效应与沉积原子低迁移率的作用而形成柱状组织,附着层在较低沉积压强下(0.2 Pa)由于沉积原子迁移率高而形成致密组织,附着层的存在使主体层柱状组织实现连续生长;主体层表面为20 nm的颗粒无序堆积态,形成了大量的表/界面缺陷;通过高频感应在300℃下激活30 min,在2.7×10-4Pa的H2压强下,薄膜的室温吸气速率在1～100 cm3·s-·1cm-2范围内变化;双层膜吸气速率是单层膜的10倍,3 h的吸气量达80 Pa·cm3·cm-2;吸气薄膜的大活性比表面积和高扩散速率,使其单位质量吸气量达104Pa·cm3·g-1量级以上,高于块体吸气剂的103Pa·cm3·g-1量级,附着层的存在提高了主体层的吸气性能。     

机械活化对石煤物化性质及提钒浸出的影响

采用比表面积(BET)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、红外分析(FTIR)、差示扫描量热(TG-DSC)等检测方法,对石煤矿样进行粒度、表面形态、矿物结构及热稳定性的分析,探索了活化前后含钒石煤物化性质的变化,并通过硫酸浸出工艺,研究了机械活化对含钒石煤钒浸出率的影响。研究结果表明,机械活化不仅能使矿样粒度变细,表面形态结构发生相应的变化,还能造成矿样内部化学键的破坏,晶格缺陷的产生等,主要表现为白云母层间吸附水的脱除及羟基结构的破坏,石英趋于非晶化;由于晶格缺陷的产生,使得部分机械能转化为内能储存在晶格中,矿样活性增强,热稳定性变差。受粒度、晶格结构及矿样活性等因素的影响,浸出剂与颗粒的接触面积增加,同时对目的矿物破坏的难度降低,浸出反应速率加快,从而达到强化提钒浸出的效果。在浸出剂浓度为15%(体积分数)的H2SO4,液固比1.5ml·g-1,5%(质量分数)助浸剂,搅拌强度200 r·min-1,浸出温度95℃,浸出时间6 h的条件下,随着活化时间的延长,钒浸出率逐渐增加,且浸出率变化与粒度的增加呈正相关;活化30 min时,浸出率达81.82%,与未活化时相比,提高了约10%。     

用BRISA法从黄铜矿精矿中回收铜

R．Romero等论述了用BRISA法(Fast Indirect Bioleaching with Action Separation)黄铜矿精矿中回收铜的技术可行性。浸出剂为Fe^3 质量浓度为12g／L、pH为1．25的硫酸铁溶液，两种黄铜矿精矿的铜质量分数分别为8．9％和9．9％，催化剂为银，在搅拌反应器中浸出。研究了温度、催化剂用量、     

复合酶提取灵芝多糖工艺及其抗氧化能力研究

[目的]获得复合酶提取灵芝多糖的最佳工艺,探讨灵芝多糖的体外抗氧化能力.[方法]以多糖提取率为指标,在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验对复合酶用量配比、酶解条件进行优化;采用清除1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼(DPPH)自由基模型评价灵芝多糖的体外抗氧化能力.[结果]复合酶提取优于单酶提取,酶用量最佳配比为纤维素酶1.5%、木瓜蛋白酶0.8%、菠萝蛋白酶3.5%(质量分数,相对于底物浓度);最佳酶解条件为pH 5.5,温度50℃、酶解时间为100 min.复合酶提取的灵芝多糖具有良好的清除DPPH自由基作用,其清除能力优于水提灵芝多糖(P<0.01),且在浓度0.8～4.8 mg/ml范围内,其对DPPH自由基的清除率随浓度增大而增大.[结论]该研究为灵芝多糖的开发提供了科学依据.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.