废聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料的综合利用技术研究

本文论述了以废旧塑料为主的白色垃圾对人类生存环境造成的危害性,同时研究了以废聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料为原料,合成水溶性高分子聚合物-聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(NaPSS),对三种工业废水的混凝沉降,试验表明：NaPSS能提高沉降速度30％-60％,助凝性能接近PAM,在一定程度上可以替代PAM。经过可行性评估和成本效益分析．此综合利用技术是可行的．并具有较好的社会、环境效益和一定的经济效益,为解决白色污染及废旧塑料的综合利用开辟了新途径。     

印染废水处理中的助凝助沉试验

将粉煤灰等六种物质应用于印染废水处理中为助凝助沉剂。详细试验研究了各自的最优加入量,对比了彼此的助凝助沉效果,结果表明,对试验的印染废水,首选助凝助沉剂为粉煤灰,粉煤灰在０．１％的加入量下可使污泥５ｍｉｎ的污泥沉降体积相对缩小６７．５％;并在水力循环澄清池上进行了工业试验。     

粉煤灰在印染废水处理中的应用

综述了粉煤灰在印染废水处理中的应用。利用粉煤灰的混凝作用可使COD的去除率稳定在85%以上,色度去除率高达95%作为吸附剂可直接处理印染废水当粉煤灰与铁屑产生电化学作用时用于印染废水预处理是行之有效的粉煤灰改性后可提高吸附性,作为印染废水的助凝助沉剂,结合其它工艺,可使染料和印染废水达标排放加强理论研究,解决工程与设备问题是今后的工作方向。有27篇参考文献     

氯化铝调理含油污泥脱水实验研究

含油污泥调质可以改善脱水效果,提高脱水性能。本文进行了含油污泥Al Cl3调质脱水实验,考察了投药量、PAM投量、温度等对含油污泥脱水效果,试验表明,Al Cl3投加可以明显提高含油污泥脱水性能,20g/L是含油污泥调质最佳投药量,PAM投加可以起到一定的助凝作用,提高温度有利于油泥脱水,夏季处理含油污泥的效果更佳。     

助凝助沉剂在矿山酸性废水处理中的试验研究

以某铜矿山酸性废水为处理对象,综合运用Zeta电位、粒度分析等方法对助凝助沉剂加速絮凝物沉淀的机理进行研究.试验结果表明,废水pH=8.0,阳离子型高分子絮凝剂PAM的投加量为1.6mg/L,助凝助沉剂用量为2.5g/L时,可以取得较好的絮凝沉淀效果,沉淀速度较快,沉淀物粒径较大.     

几种高效混凝剂去除水中痕量磷的效果研究

通过混凝试验,比较了聚铝、聚铁、聚铝铁三种混凝剂对水中痕量磷的去除效果,考察了pH值对聚铁、聚铝、聚铝铁除磷的影响,同时研究了聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）、高锰酸钾复合药剂（PPC）的助凝除磷效果。结果表明：聚铁混凝除磷效果明显好于聚铝和聚铝铁;三种混凝剂除磷最佳pH值分别为：聚铁7．5,聚铝6．5。聚铝铁6．0;pH值对聚铝、聚铝铁除磷的影响显著,对聚铁的影响较小;PAM和PPC具有较好的助凝除磷效果;将PAM和PPC联用能进一步提高助凝效果。     

几种高效混凝剂去除水中痕量磷的效果

本文通过混凝试验,比较了聚铝、聚铁、聚铝铁三种混凝剂对水中痕量磷的去除效果,考察了pH值对聚铁、聚铝、聚铝铁除磷的影响,同时研究了聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)、高锰酸钾复合药剂(PPC)的助凝除磷效果。结果表明:聚铁混凝除磷效果明显好于聚铝和聚铝铁;三种混凝剂除磷最佳pH值分别为:聚铁7.5,聚铝6.5,聚铝铁6.0;pH值对聚铝、聚铝铁除磷的影响显著,对聚铁的影响较小;PAM和PPC具有较好的助凝除磷效果;将PAM和PPC联用能进一步提高助凝效果。     

聚丙烯酰胺及其衍生物在水处理中的应用

简述了影响聚丙烯酰胺及其衍生物(PAM)的絮凝能力的因素、PAM在水处理中的使用方式以及它们的助凝效果,介绍了PAM在我国原水、城镇生活污水、放射性废水、重金属废水以及其它工业废水处理中的试验研究和应用情况,展望了PAM在水处理领域的应用前景。     

炼化含油污泥三氯化铁调质脱水实验研究

在低强度离心条件下进行了含油污泥三氯化铁调质脱水实验,研究了投药量、p H、PAM、温度等因素对脱水效果的影响。结果表明,在三氯化铁最佳投量20 g/L,酸中碱性(p H≤8.58)条件下的脱水效果较好,脱水率为54.5%~57.6%,PAM助凝效果并不明显,温度通过调节油泥自身粘度起作用。三氯化铁调质是一个综合性的作用过程,混凝效果好,适应p H范围宽,兼有破乳功能,是一种性能良好的含油污泥调质剂。     

高锰酸钠预氧化在混凝过程中的助凝作用

研究了高锰酸钠预氧化对混凝过程的助凝作用。实验结果表明,高锰酸钠在投加量1mg/L时就具有明显的助凝效果,在投加量2mg/L时,沉淀后水的浊度下降了76%左右,比单独使用硫酸铝的浊度降低了20%~25%,同时高锰酸钠预氧化对高浊度水也有较好的助凝作用。原水的温度、pH值对其助凝效果影响较小,水中锰离子的存在有一定的助凝效果。     

Effect of structure on solution and interfacial properties of sodium polystyrene sulfonate (NaPSS)

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (NaPSS) is synthesized by two different methods: one using free radical polymerization of sodium styrene sulfonate and another through post‐sulfonation of polystyrene. Both the solution and interfacial properties of the two polymers obtained from these two methods are different. The osmotic coefficient of free radically polymerized NaPSS is 20% higher than that of the NaPSS obtained from the post‐sulfonation method. Further, the free radically polymerized NaPSS has negligible interfacial activity at both air–water and toluene–water interfaces, as compared to post‐sulfonated NaPSS. The former type of NaPSS also adsorbs to a comparatively lesser extent at a solid–liquid interface. The enhanced hydrophobic character of post‐sulfonated NaPSS is explained on the basis of its intrinsically lower configurational entropy that results from the formation of intramolecular sulfone linkages, whereas the free radical method gives only a linear structure. Also, the intramolecular sulfone linkage will enhance the counter‐ion condensation and consequently decrease the osmotic coefficient of the post‐sulfonated sample. However, it is generally difficult to predict the exact degree of intramolecular sulfone linkage that may occur, as it depends on several factors. An attempt has been made to interpret some of the experimental data in the existing literature on NaPSS, which has mostly been prepared using the post‐sulfonation route. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Synthesis,characterization, and application of the sodium poly(styrenesulfonate) produced from waste polystyrene cups as an admixture in concrete

Wasted polystyrene (PS) plastic cups were used in the synthesis of sodium poly(styrenesulfonate) (NaPSS). The produced polyelectrolyte was water‐soluble. The viscosimetric molecular weight was 126,146 g mol^?1. The sulfonation of the polymer was estimated through FTIR spectroscopy and chemical analysis of the number of sulfonic groups. The presence of bands at 1326 and 1188 cm^?1 in the infrared spectra was characteristic for sulfonic groups. The polymer was obtained with 60.3% of sulfonation. An aqueous solution of NaPSS was used as an admixture in concrete of portland cement. The results showed that the slump increasing of the concrete was up to 300% with 0.3% content of NaPSS per weight of cement. It was possible to reduce the water content of the concrete in 13.2% using NaPSS solution as an admixture. The compressive strength gain was 23.9% after 28 days of curing. The results indicated that NaPSS, produced from waste PS cups, can be satisfactorily used either as a plasticizer or as an admixture for water reduction in concrete. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1534–1538, 2005     

Entry in emulsion polymerization using a mixture of sodium polystyrene sulfonate and sodium dodecyl sulfate as the surfactant

A mixture of sodium polystyrene sulfonate (NaPSS) and anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), was used as the emulsifier in the emulsion polymerization of styrene at 60 °C. The latexes prepared were stable, bearing the better resistance to the addition of electrolyte, and have the larger values in particle size and the higher polymerization rates than those counterparts prepared using SDS only. The NaPSS was prepared by a series of process: a concentrated cyclohexane solution of an anionically polymerized polystyrene (PS) was sulfonated with sulfuric acid at 80 °C, and then neutralized and purified through dialysis. The data of average polymer number per particle (n_p) were found useful in investigating the surfactant content effect on the entry of radicals into particles, where the latex particle size plays an important role.     

NMR and FT-IR studies of sulfonated styrene-based homopolymers and copolymers

A series of sodium poly(styrene sulfonate)-block-poly(4-tert-butylstyrene) (NaPSS-b-PtBS) copolymers and related homopolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The homopolymers included polystyrene (PS), poly(4-tert-butylstyrene) (PtBS), sodium poly(4-styrene sulfonate) (NaP4SS), sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) (NaPSS) with various sulfonation levels, and partially sulfonated PtBS (PtBSS). The structures of NaPSS and PtBSS were elucidated, and the effect of sulfonation level on the NaPSS FT-IR spectrum was studied. The characteristic peaks for NaPSS and PtBSS in FT-IR and NMR spectra were identified.     

聚丙烯酰胺/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮与表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠的相互作用

通过对聚合物聚丙烯酰胺/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PAM/PVP)与表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)混合体系的相对黏度和表面张力研究,证明聚合物PAM/PVP与表面活性剂SDS之间存在着明显的相互作用,通过缔合,形成混合胶束状聚集体,导致溶液黏度剧增。随聚合物溶液中SDS的加入,溶液黏度发生起伏变化,出现最大值(最小值)。而2者的相互作用使体系溶液的表面张力在SDS的临界胶束浓度(CMC)前后呈现先减小后增大,最后趋于平衡的情况。且聚表相互作用使溶液界面的界面张力比纯表面活性剂溶液的界面张力有所升高。     

Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Study of Gelling Silica–Organic Polymer Solution: Systems Containing Poly(Sodium Styrenesulfonate)

Phase separations which result in micrometer-range interconnected porous morphologies in a silica sol–gel system have been investigated using tetraethoxysilane and poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) (NaPSS) as starting materials. The dependence of domain size of interconnected structure on several important reaction variables such as solution composition and temperature is reported. Small-angle X-ray scattering measurements were performed to detect the effect of coexisting NaPSS on the polymerization behavior of silica in situ. The amount of NaPSS was found to play a key role in determining the micrometer-range gel morphology by affecting the aggregation process and phase separation behavior of hydrolyzed silica.     

Adsorption of synthetic polyelectrolytes on colloidal spheres

Summary The adsorption of synthetic polyelectrolytes on the surfaces of monodisperse polystyrene spheres and colloidal silica spheres is studied by electrophoretic mobility measurements. Electrolytes used are NaCl, CaCl₂, LaCl₃, Na₂SO₄, sodium poly(ethylenesulfonate) (NaPES), sodium poly(styrenesulfonate) (NaPSS), polybrene^? (PB), poly-4-vinyl-N-ethylpyridinium bromide (C2PVP), poly-4-vinyl-N-benzylpyridinium chloride (BzPVP), and copolymer of 4-vinyl-N-benzylpyridinium chloride (95%) and 4-vinyl-N-n-hexadecylpyridinium bromide (5%) (C16BzPVP). Electrophoretic velocity (u) and the effective charge number (α) of a colloidal sphere increase in the presence of PB, C2PVP, BzPVP, and C16BzPVP, and turn to the positive from the negative values in their absence. Addition of NaPES and NaPSS further decreases u and α values. Adsorption of the polymers on the colloidal spheres are explained by the hydrophobic and/or dipoledipole interactions in addition to the electrostatic forces. Weak adsorption of simple electrolytes on the colloidal spheres is deduced from the electrophoretic measurements.     

纳米ZnO粉体在聚丙烯酰胺乳胶液中的微波诱导分散

用水和甲醇溶解聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)粉末制备 PAM 乳胶液,将纳米氧化锌粉体按一定量的比例加入 PAM 乳胶液中,在微波场中进行纳米氧化锌粉体在 PAM 乳胶液中的分散性能研究。实验条件为:微波功率 400～500 W, 搅拌时间 30 min,搅拌强度 600 r?min?1。用 TEM 技术进行纳米氧化锌粉体在 PAM 乳胶液中的分散性能表征。 PAM乳胶液中纳米 ZnO 颗粒的 TEM 照片(放大 58×103~100×103倍)表明,在微波场作用下,纳米氧化锌颗粒在 PAM 乳胶液中团聚程度非常小,大部分颗粒的粒径在 40~70nm 范围内。微波作用能够显著改善纳米 ZnO 粉体在 PAM 乳胶液中的分散性能的机理被认为是,在微波场作用下,纳米 ZnO 颗粒表面上的微晶俘获或束缚周围的空间电荷或带电离子和基团,使其附在纳米 ZnO 颗粒的表面形成保护层,从而抑制了纳米 ZnO 粉体在 PAM 乳胶液中的团聚。     

垃圾渗滤液深度处理混凝剂的选择

城市垃圾渗滤液废水的处理已经形成一定的规模,但其深度处理至关重要。文章选用三种常见的混凝剂在同等条件下对垃圾渗滤液废水进行处理,结果表明,聚丙烯酰胺PAM在用量最少的情况下,对废水的处理效果最好,但其受pH影响较大,价格比较贵;聚合硫酸铁PFS的处理效果比聚合氯化铁PFC好,虽然处理效果不如PAM,但其价格低廉,是一种不错的废水处理混凝剂。