碳化钛悬浮体分散特性和流变性能的研究

通过对碳化钛粉体在去离子水介质中的Zeta电位和浓悬浮体的粘度等测试，详细研究了碳化钛浓悬浮体的分散特性以及流变行为。实验结果表明，碳化钛粉体的等电点在pH=2，添加分散剂可以使碳化钛的Zeta电位绝对值增大。调整分散剂用量可制备出固相体积含量高达52％的碳化钛浓悬浮体，该悬浮体能够达到均一稳定的分散，其流变行为在低剪切速率下符合Power-law模型、高剪切速率下符合Quemada模型。     

分散剂用量对纳米四方多晶氧化锆悬浮体流变性能的影响

采用低温强碱法制备了粒径为40nm左右的高纯纳米四方多晶氧化锆粉体。对于纳米四方多晶氧化锆粉体在不同条件下的Zeta电位的测试表明，聚电解质分散剂聚丙烯酸铵(NH4PAA)使粉体等电点降低，对聚电解质分散剂聚丙烯酸铵在纳米四方多晶氧化锆粉体上的等温吸附研究发现，由于聚电解质分散剂的作用，悬浮体中纳米氧化锆粉体颗粒表面的电动特性发生了显著的变化，其等电点向pH值降低的方向移动了3．5。分散剂用量为1．0％(对于粉体，按质量)时，悬浮体稳定性较好，该纳米粉体浆料的流变特性得到明显的改善。     

碳化硅基粉体在硅溶胶中的分散行为

利用ξ电位、粘度、流变学测试等研究了碳化硅基粉体在硅溶胶中的分散行为.发现在pH=10左右,硅溶胶分散的陶瓷粉体具有绝对值最大的Zeta电位和最低的粘度,表明碳化硅等陶瓷粉体在硅溶胶中分散的最佳pH条件为pH=10左右.研究发现碳化硅等粉体在硅溶胶中分散性能受硅溶胶浓度的影响较大,其浆料粘度随硅溶胶浓度的增加而减小,在浓度为10%～20%(质量分数)达到最低,当浓度进一步增加时,其粘度呈现微小的增加.并同时研究了pH值、羧甲基纤维素添加量和固含量等对碳化硅基粉体制备的浆料的流变行为的影响.     

分散剂对ITO前驱物浆料稳定性的影响

以金属铟和结晶四氯化锡为原料,通过加入各种添加剂制备了稳定的ITO前驱物浆料.利用沉降实验、Zeta电位、透射电镜研究了分散剂对浆料稳定性的影响.通过考察不同pH值条件下,分散剂的种类及用量对ITO浆料稳定性的作用,探究其分散机理.结果表明,在ITO前驱物浆料中加入离子型分散剂乙醇胺,通过乙酸调节pH值,可使颗粒间具有较高静电效应,在此基础上加入高分子表面活性剂(PEG、PVP),使得颗粒间又具有空间位阻效应.从而防止了颗粒间的团聚,可得到高度分散的浆料.前驱物浆料颗粒粒度主要分布在10～20 nm之间.结果表明,最优的分散剂用量为:PEG 10%(质量分数,下同),PVP 10%和乙醇胺2.5%.     

水基流延成型制备Li1+x-yNb1-x-3yTix+4yO3微波介质陶瓷膜片的研究

以Li1 x-yNb1-x-3yTix 4yO3微波介质陶瓷为原料,聚乙烯醇水溶液为粘结剂,乙二醇为增塑剂,聚羧酸铵盐为分散剂,通过水基流延成型工艺制备出了微观结构均匀的陶瓷素坯膜.通过对陶瓷粉体Zeta电位的考察研究了在水溶液中的粉体表面的带电情况.对陶瓷浆料的流变性进行了研究,考察了分散剂对浆料粘度的影响.最后对成型后陶瓷膜片的微观结构进行了观察.结果表明,添加分散剂后,Li1 x-yNb1-x-3yTix 4yO3陶瓷粉体在水溶液中的等电点由pH 3移动到pH 2.4,并且粉体的Zeta电位有大幅度的提高.Li1 x-yNb1-x-3yTix 4yO3微波介质陶瓷水基流延成型浆料为典型的假塑性流体,并且不存在触变性,满足流延成型工艺的要求.当分散剂的添加量为0.2wt%时,浆料的粘度最低.扫描电镜观察表明,水基流延成型后陶瓷素坯膜的微观结构均匀.     

分散剂PEG对ITO前驱物浆料稳定性能的影响

以金属铟和结晶四氯化锡为原料，加入各种添加剂制备了稳定的ITO前驱物浆料。利用Zeta电位、扫描电镜、沉降试验研究了分散剂PEG对浆料稳定性能的影响。结果表明，分散剂PEG与ITO前驱物氢氧化物胶粒表面建立了较强的氢键，通过空间位阻稳定作用提高了浆料的稳定性；PEG的加入可使浆料中固体颗粒分散均匀，颗粒粒度主要分布在50～100nm之间；沉降试验和粘度的测定表明，浆料pH值在8．0，分散剂PEG用量在1．0％～2．0％（质量分数，下同），粘度在2．1-2．6mPa·s时，在沉降120h后的浆料中，固体颗粒沉降体积百分比在10％以内，能够保证浆料的相对稳定。     

纳米钴铬钼复合粉体在水介质中分散工艺研究

在用直流电弧等离子体法制备纳米钴铬钼(CoCrMo)复合粉的基础上,通过测定粉体在去离子水介质中的pH值-Zeta电位图,选用非离子型和阳离子型两类分散剂,较系统研究了不同超声时间和不同分散剂加入量条件下,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、三乙醇胺(TEA)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、司班-80(STAN-80)、六偏磷酸钠(SHMP)五种分散剂对粉体在水介质中分散性能的影响。研究结果表明,纳米钴铬钼复合粉在不同pH值水介质中带负电荷,其最大Zeta电位值位于pH=9位置;超声时间及分散剂加入量对分散效果影响显著,随着超声时间和表面活性剂加入浓度的提高,粉体分散效果呈先增大后减小的趋势;SHMP对纳米钴铬钼粉体的分散效果较好,不同分散剂分散效果从高到低顺序依次为:SHMPSTAN-80CTABPVPTEA。推荐该粉体在水介质中较好分散工艺为:pH值等于7.4,超声功率560 W,超声时间20 min,SHMP加入量3%。     

水性透明隔热涂料中纳米 ATO 的分散技术

为解决纳米ATO在水中的分散问题,通过沉降实验和测定Zeta电位,考查了pH值、分散剂及其用量、研磨时间等对纳米ATO浆料分散稳定性的影响,得出了最佳分散条件:采用高分子型分散剂Tech-6300,pH值8～9,研磨时间为12 h。对最佳分散条件制备的ATO水性浆料进行粒径检测和透射电镜观察,结果表明,ATO水性浆料的粒径在100 nm以内,达到了纳米级别,分散稳定性较好。     

SiC浆料流变性能研究及对注浆成型坯体的影响

以粒径分别为100、5和0.6μm,比例为7:1:2的SiC为原料,添加分散剂四甲基氢氧化铵(TMAH),加入HCl或NaOH调节浆料pH值,通过机械搅拌制备出适合注浆成型的重结晶SiC浆料。研究分散剂的添加量,pH值以及固相含量对浆料流变性能的影响,选择固相含量高、稳定分散并且粘度低的浆料作为注浆成型的优选浆料。结果表明,相同固相含量下加入质量分数0.2%的TMAH,pH值为9可获得稳定分散,粘度最低的浆料;随着固相含量的增加,浆料的粘度不断增大,对不同固相含量的浆料进行注浆成型,发现固相含量为67.5%的浆料,其坯体致密度最高,为2.39g/cm3(75.9%),坯体内部均匀,气孔少,质量优异。     

阿拉伯树胶对Al2O3悬浮液沉降性能的影响

采用阿拉伯树胶作为分散剂制备了超细氧化铝悬浮液,通过沉降实验观察了阿拉伯树胶的添加量、搅拌时间及pH值对a-Al2O3低固含量悬浮液的沉降性能的影响,并用Zeta电位仪测定了不同pH值条件下稀固相含量悬浮液的Zeta电位及对烧结坯体进行微观分析.结果表明,分散剂阿拉伯树胶的最佳用量为0.8%左右,最佳搅拌时间为12 h;添加阿拉伯树胶后稀悬浮液的等电势点左移,Zeta电位的绝对值变化显著.添加阿拉伯树胶后,pH值得变化对悬浮液的沉降性能和Zeta电位几乎没有影响.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。