Aluminium content in foods with aluminium-containing food additives

The aluminium (Al) content of 105 samples, including bakery products made with baking powder, agricultural products and seafoods treated with alum, was investigated. The amounts of Al detected were as follows (limit of quantification: 0.01 mg/g): 0.01-0.37 mg/g in 26 of 57 bakery products, 0.22-0.57 mg/g in 3 of 6 powder mixes, 0.01-0.05 mg/g in all three agricultural products examined, 0.03-0.90 mg/g in 4 of 6 seafood samples, 0.01-0.03 mg/g in 3 of 11 samples of instant noodles, 0.04-0.14 mg/g in 3 of 4 samples of vermicelli, 0.01 mg/g in 1 of 16 soybean products, but none in soybeans. Amounts equivalent to the PTWI of a 16 kg infant were detected in two samples of bakery products, two samples of powder mixes and one sample of salted jellyfish, if each sample was taken once a week. These results suggest that certain foods, depending on the product and the intake, might exceed the PTWI of children, especially infants.     

Saponin content of food plants and some prepared foods

Quantitative thin layer chromatography was used to estimate the saponin content of 20 common food plants and also of foods prepared from some of them. The food plants found to be richest in saponins were chickpeas (Cicer arietinum), soya beans (Glycine max), lucerne (alfalfa) sprouts (Medicago sativa) and varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris (navy beans, haricot beans, kidney beans). Saponins were not destroyed by processing or cooking. They were present in falafels (prepared from chickpeas), canned baked beans, canned broad beans and protein isolate from faba beans. However, the saponin content of a fermented soya bean product (tempe) was only half that of whole soya beans. Guar meal (Cyamopsis tetragonolobus) contains saponins but only a trace could be detected in samples of guar gum.     

Aluminium content of foods and diets

Literature data on the aluminium content of individual foods have been compiled, summarized and presented by food groups. The contribution of aluminium from food preparation and cooking utensils and from food additives is discussed. Literature data on the daily intake of aluminium are summarized, and the contribution of food groups to daily aluminium intake is estimated. The major sources of dietary aluminium include several with aluminium additives (grain products, processed cheese and salt) and several that are naturally high in aluminium (tea, herbs and spices). The aluminium that may migrate from aluminium utensils is probably not a major or consistent source of this element. Daily intakes of aluminium, as reported prior to 1980, were 18-36 mg per day. More recent data, which are probably more accurate, indicate intakes of 9 mg per day for teenage and adult females and 12-14 mg per day for teenage and adult males.     

Aluminium content of soft drinks from aluminium cans

The aluminium (A1) content of soft drinks from A1 cans has been measured during 12 months of storage, by the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GFAAS) method. The results show that the A1 content in all soft drinks increased during the whole storage time. This increase was a result of dissolution of A1 from the can wall due to the presence of aggressive ingredients in the soft drinks, mainly acids. The A1 content rose with increasing acid concentration and decreasing pH value of the soft drinks. The evaluated possible daily intake of A1 (0.8 mg) through consumption of these drinks was practically negligible in relation to total daily dietary Al intake, as well as to tolerable daily intake. Thus, soft drinks from A1 cans are an insignificant source of dietary A1 intake and it appears that the A1 intake from this source should not be a cause for concern in regard to A1 toxicity for the human body.

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Alnminiumgehalte in Erfrischungsgetränken aus Aluminiumdosen

Zusammenfassung Es wurde der Aluminiumgehalt in Erfrischungsgetränken aus Aluminiumdosen im Laufe von zwölf Monaten Lagerzeit durch GFAAS gemessen. Der Aluminiumgehalt nimmt in allen Proben im Laufe der erwähnten Lagerungszeit zu als Folge des Lösens von der inneren Dosenseite her durch das VorhandenScin von aggressiven Bestandteilen in Erfrischungsgetränken, vor allem durch Säuren. Der Aluminiumgehalt steigt mit der Säurekonzentration, d. h. mit der Abnahme des pH-Wertes, in Getränken. Die Tagesaufnahme von Aluminium (0,8 mg) durch den Konsum dieser Getränke ist allerdings bedeutungslos im Vergleich mit der Gesamttagesaufnahme von Aluminium durch die Nahrung sowie im Vergleich mit der zugelassenen Tagesaufnahme. Aus diesem Grunde stellen Erfrischungsgetränke aus Aluminiumdosen keine beachtenswerte Quelle der Aluminiumaufnahme dar.

     

Autoinducer-2-like activity associated with foods and its interaction with food additives

The autoinducer-2 (AI-2) molecule produced by bacteria as part of quorum sensing is considered to be a universal inducer signal in bacteria because it reportedly influences gene expression in a variety of both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The objective of this study was to determine whether selected fresh produce and processed foods have AI-2-like activity and whether specific food additives can act as AI-2 mimics and result in AI-2-like activity. The luminescence-based response of the reporter strain Vibrio harveyi BB170 was used as the basis for determining AI-2 activity in the selected foods and food ingredients. Maximum AI-2 activity was seen on the frozen fish sample (203-fold, compared with the negative control) followed by tomato, cantaloupe, carrots, tofu, and milk samples. Interestingly, some samples were capable of inhibiting AI-2 activity. Turkey patties showed the highest inhibition (99.8% compared with the positive control) followed by chicken breast (97.5%), homemade cheeses (93.7%), beef steak (90.6%), and beef patties (84.4%). AI-2 activity was almost totally inhibited by sodium propionate, whereas sodium benzoate caused 93.3% inhibition, compared with 75% inhibition by sodium acetate. Sodium nitrate did not have any appreciable effect, even at 200 ppm. Understanding the relationships that exist between AI-2 activity on foods and the ecology of pathogens and food spoilage bacteria on foods could yield clues about factors controlling food spoilage and pathogen virulence.     

Comprehensive studies on the trans fatty acid content of Austrian foods: Convenience products,fast food and fats

Due to reported detrimental health effects of diets high in trans fatty acids (TFA) in particular on blood lipids, convenience products, trade margarines, fats for cooking and frying and fast food products available on the Austrian market were comprehensively investigated on TFA, using gas chromatography.     

食品添加剂在大豆制品中的应用

食品添加剂的应用可以使大豆制品在生产、包装运输、营养价值等方面得到改善和提高,通过综述不同食品添加剂在我国大豆制品中的应用与国外发展研究的情况,以期能够为食品添加剂的应用研究提供帮助。     

食品添加剂在面制品中的应用

主要介绍了食品添加剂在面制品加工中的应用情况，列举出了常用的、有代表性的食品添加剂品种。     

食品添加剂在面制品中的应用

主要介绍了食品添加剂在面制品加工中的应用情况,列举出了常用的、有代表性的食品添加剂品种。     

各国预包装食品标签食品添加剂标示规定的对照分析

食品添加剂的标示是食品标签的重要内容，为规范食品添加剂在预包装食品标签中的标示行为，本文就国内外预包装食品标签对食品添加剂标示的规定进行分析比较。     

Saponin content of some Nigerian foods

Saponins have been extracted and purified from millet (Pennisetum typhoideum), beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), guinea-corn (Sorghum vulgare) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea). Beans were found to contain a considerable amount of saponin—245.0 mg kg^?1, while millet, guinea-corn and groundnut contained 194.7, 72.7 and 48.8 mg kg^?1 dry weight basis respectively.     

面食的品质和食品添加剂

面食是我国13亿人口一日三餐主食的主要品种，特别是在北方地区。2000年我国城乡消费小麦1.1亿多吨。一、不同面食的品质要求随着经济的发展，生活节奏的加快，作为主食的面食品，其品种和数量将不断增加，这是一种必然趋势，提高面食品的质量也是客观的要求。但是我国小麦的筋力较差，较难适应制作高质量面食的多种要求。为了满足各种面食品对面粉质量的多种要求，国家粮食部门研究开发了9种食品专用粉标准，并经国家技术监督局批准实施。9种专用粉是：面包用小麦粉、面条用小麦粉、饺子用小麦粉、馒头用小麦粉、发酵饼干用小麦粉、苏性饼…     

Metal content in certain food products

The aim of the researches was the determination of the lead, cadmium, iron, copper and zinc content in selected food products available in everyday life in the city of Cracow. It was found that all food products contain lead and cadmium contaminations. The trace element content in the Polish food products was within the range of values obtained by other authors.     

表面增强拉曼光谱技术检测食品及农产品中的非法添加剂

如今,食品安全问题引起越来越多的关注。其中,食品中非法添加剂问题尤为突出,相应的检测变得愈加迫切。传统的检测方法操作复杂、检测时间长并对样品具有破坏性,而表面增强拉曼光谱检测技术相对来说操作简单、无损、所需样品量少,能够达到快速检测的目的,在食品添加剂的检测上具有广阔发展前景。故此以表面增强拉曼光谱技术对β-受体激动剂(盐酸克仑特罗、苯乙醇胺A、莱克多巴胺)、硝基呋喃类药物、孔雀石绿、镇定剂及三聚氰胺等检测项目进行概述,简述其研究进展,同时对其中存在的一些问题进行分析,并对其在食品添加剂检测领域的应用做出展望。     

魔芋胶(魔芋葡甘聚糖)在食品和食品添加剂工业中的应用

通过10年的开发和研究,发现魔芋胶(魔芋葡甘聚糖)不仅在医疗保健方面有着独特的功能,而且在食品和食品添加剂中也有着极其重要的用途。本文通过研究、验证和市场反馈证实,魔芋胶在六大系列食品和八大系列食品添加剂中,都取得了稳定性的效果。     

Qualitative identification of permitted and non-permitted colour additives in food products

Colour additives are dyes, pigments or other substances that can impart colour when added or applied to food, drugs, cosmetics, medical devices, or the human body. The substances must be pre-approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and listed in Title 21 of the US Code of Federal Regulations before they may be used in products marketed in the United States. Some also are required to be batch certified by the USFDA prior to their use. Both domestic and imported products sold in interstate commerce fall under USFDA jurisdiction, and the USFDA's district laboratories use a combination of analytical methods for identifying or confirming the presence of potentially violative colour additives. We have developed a qualitative method for identifying 17 certifiable, certification exempt, and non-permitted colour additives in various food products. The method involves extracting the colour additives from a product and isolating them from non-coloured components with a C(18) Sep-Pak cartridge. The colour additives are then separated and identified by liquid chromatography (LC) with photodiode array detection, using an Xterra RP18 column and gradient elution with aqueous ammonium acetate and methanol. Limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.02 to 1.49 mg/l. This qualititative LC method supplements the visible spectrophotometric and thin-layer chromatography methods currently used by the USFDA's district laboratories and is less time-consuming and requires less solvent compared to the other methods. The extraction step in the new LC method is a simple and an efficient process that can be used for most food types.     

Qualitative identification of permitted and non-permitted colour additives in food products

Colour additives are dyes, pigments or other substances that can impart colour when added or applied to food, drugs, cosmetics, medical devices, or the human body. The substances must be pre-approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and listed in Title 21 of the US Code of Federal Regulations before they may be used in products marketed in the United States. Some also are required to be batch certified by the USFDA prior to their use. Both domestic and imported products sold in interstate commerce fall under USFDA jurisdiction, and the USFDA's district laboratories use a combination of analytical methods for identifying or confirming the presence of potentially violative colour additives. We have developed a qualitative method for identifying 17 certifiable, certification exempt, and non-permitted colour additives in various food products. The method involves extracting the colour additives from a product and isolating them from non-coloured components with a C₁₈ Sep-Pak cartridge. The colour additives are then separated and identified by liquid chromatography (LC) with photodiode array detection, using an Xterra RP18 column and gradient elution with aqueous ammonium acetate and methanol. Limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.02 to 1.49?mg/l. This qualititative LC method supplements the visible spectrophotometric and thin-layer chromatography methods currently used by the USFDA's district laboratories and is less time-consuming and requires less solvent compared to the other methods. The extraction step in the new LC method is a simple and an efficient process that can be used for most food types.