谁家的黄酒喝着放心？

黄酒是以稻米，黍米，玉米，小米，小麦等粮食为主要原料，经蒸煮，糖化，发酵，压榨，过滤，贮存，勾兑等工艺生产的酿造酒。黄酒酒精度低，耗粮较少，富含多种氨基酸，蛋白质，维生素和对人体有益的矿物元素，营养丰富。     

江苏丰县:木材业打造"顶端优势"

丰富的林木资源，使丰县成为在全国颇具影响的木材集散地，目前，该县投资近千万元，在县城西部建成国内最大的进口红榉木批发市场和木线条加工专业区，来自北京，广州，青岛，浙江等地的木材经销商，分别通过青岛，广州，天津，连云港等口岸，源源不断地把法国，德国，乌克兰，俄罗斯等国生产的红榉木进口到丰县市场，再销往各地，日均销量达1000多立方米，占全国榉木销售量的60%，如今这里已成为我国最大的进口榉木交易市场。     

莫使江水变泪水——沱江污染引起的思考

人们还依稀记得，沱江曾是四川人引以为荣的美丽之江，她淌过634公里路程，滋润三百万平方公里土地，欢快地流入长江。放眼望去，两岸青青，江水碧透，商船往来，渔舟结伴，而或夜幕降临，萤火明灭，星月当空，清风徐起，岸柳依依，情语细细。夏日里，淘气的小男孩三五成群，光着身子在江边嬉水。     

着眼农村工业化 立足农民奔小康 加快小城镇建设步伐

小城镇建设是推动农村社会经济发展，实现农村工业化，城乡一体化的必由之路，是农民致富奔小康的重大举措．近年来，我们认真贯彻执行“全面规划，正确引导，依靠群众，自力更生，因地制宜，逐步建设”的方针，着眼农村工业化．立足农民奔小康．突出重点，统一规划，合理布局，统一组织．     

Touch Play：胶片上的旖旎风情

多数人最初对于异域的直观认知，是按下Play键，通过一帧帧画面，一枚枚音符完成的，文字虽有盈余的想象空间，但真正的风土，艺术，人情，不经双眼过目，双耳聆听，怕是参不透其中的虚虚实实，胶片捕捉的声音和映像就像一面镜子，镜中的那个民族虽不可触及，却是真真实实地立在眼前，荡在耳边。     

多肉植物宝典 野趣盎然的加花土参

加花土参（Talinum caffrum），也称草火花、黄花马齿苋，为马齿苋科、土人参属块根类多肉植物。植株具粗大的根状茎，其表皮灰色，稍有纵裂。粗壮的藤茎生于根状茎顶端，稍直立，绿色。叶互生，长倒卯形，质厚，全缘，深绿色，中脉明显。花生于叶腋，多单生，花萼黄白色，花瓣5枚，先端尖，亮黄色，直径1．5～2厘米。通常在光照充足的午后开放，傍晚闭合，单朵花只能开放4小时左右，但每天都有新的花朵开放，花期5～10月。蒴果，内具细小的黑色种子。     

杜鹃无故死亡原因何在？

杜鹃根系纤细，分布较浅，吸引功能较弱，既怕干，又怕涝，需肥但又怕浓肥，所以在土质，光照，浇水，施肥，温度等方面，均需细心管理，否则轻则落蕾，落叶，重则死亡。现就杜鹃无故死亡的原因及防治方法综述如下：     

国际流行组合盆栽主花材系列：美女樱及其组合盆栽

美女樱Verbena x hybrida，马鞭草科，美女樱属，分布于美洲热带，多年生草本，作一，二年生栽培，全株被毛，株高20-30厘米，茎直立性不强，外倾性，常有4棱，木质化。叶对生，长圆形至长圆状卵形，边缘有不整齐的锯齿。穗状花序，小花高脚碟型，花色丰富，红，粉红，白色，紫及各种双色种。     

自然·日式·禅

自然禅意的居室表情，犹如初春的香茗荡漾。麻绳，沙浪，欧松板，石材，水泥艺术，空中的棋盘等，打破传统而又解放自然，居于其间，也比为自然的元素，于是在茂密的水泥丛林里的都市中和你一起呼吸自然的绿，用想象力来喝彩创造力，用恬淡的柔优悟道参修。     

家庭，学校，社会“鼎力”学生成长

学生如花朵，社会同阳光，学校雨露，教师修剪，家长培土。花儿为什么这样红，为什么这样灿，阳光的照耀，自然雨露，“园丁”修剪，肥沃大地奉献??????一应俱全，才能实现。有生机有活力，争奇斗艳，溢吐芳香，香满人间，迎献给社会，步入人的眼帘，使人赏心悦目，香乐心田??????这些可不是人们苛意制作的塑料花无所比拟的。花儿红灿艳香，需要生命需要自然，不合时宜浇（教）灌（贯）千万别再现。     

Magnetoelastische Spannkraftmessung in Bauwerken

Magnetoelastic Measurement of Prestressing Force in Civil Structures The knowledge of the tensile force of prestressing steel elements and its reliable and non‐destructive determination are of essential importance for the assessment of the structural health condition of prestressed concrete structures and tie‐back systems in terms of structural safety, serviceability and durability. For the evaluation of the prestressing force in steel tension members, the measurement technique presented in this contribution is using the magneto‐elastic effect (ME‐effect) of ferromagnetic materials. This effect describes the reverse‐proportional correlation between the mechanical stress and the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic materials. The cylindrical coiled sensors pushed over the tendon and the measuring device developed and practically optimized at the iBMB/MPA of the TU Braunschweig enable a fast and reliable measurement of the prestressing steel force after an initial calibration. In this contribution first the state of the art of prestress measurement techniques for steel tension members is presented. Afterwards, the ME‐measuring method with the basics and merits of magneto‐elastic prestressing force identification is shown. Further recent research results as well as several building applications will be discussed.     

土体干缩裂隙的形成发育过程及机理

土体干缩开裂(龟裂)是一种常见的自然现象,龟裂的产生会破坏土体的完整性,极大地弱化土体的工程性质。基于室内试验结果,发现龟裂发育过程可分为3个典型阶段,具有很强的时序特征,且新生裂隙一般垂直已有裂隙生长。根据水土相互作用原理和基本土力学理论,建立了土体龟裂概念模型,对实验室和自然界中观测到的相关龟裂现象及其机理进行了分析,得到如下主要结论:(1)土体中存在收缩变形空间是龟裂发育的前提,主要与土质条件有关;(2)龟裂是土体发生张拉破坏的表现形式,孔隙水的表面张力及干燥过程中引起的基质吸力(毛细水作用力)会在土体中形成张拉应力场,这是导致龟裂的主要力学诱因;(3)当张拉应力场的大小超过土体的抗拉强度或土颗粒间的联接强度时,裂隙便会产生,导致局部区域积聚的应变能释放,应力场重新调整。从宏观上看,基质吸力和抗拉强度是控制龟裂发育的两个关键力学指标,但从微观上看,土体材料尤其是结构的非均质性对裂隙发育过程和裂隙网络的几何形态特征均有重要影响。通常情况下,大部分裂隙都是在饱和阶段产生,且裂隙产生时对应的临界含水率有可能高于液限;土体表面上的"杂点"易导致应力集中,裂隙往往率先在"杂点"处产生;(4)受表面和裂隙面张拉应力场的共同作用,表层土体边缘会发生向上卷曲变形,产生"煎饼效应"。此外,土体在收缩过程中还存在收缩核现象。     

Zustandsuntersuchung und Instandsetzung am Hauptdach des Hauses der Kulturen der Welt in Berlin

The main roof of the ”Haus der Kulturen der Welt“ in Berlin Which is very well‐known on account of its history and striking structural design – was to be inspected by the author to determine its condition and analysed with regard to the durability of the existing liquid synthetic sealant. The roof structure consists of a biaxial, curved area‐covering structural element with circumferential edge beams of pre‐stressed lightweight concrete. This is the result of the reconstruction between 1984 and 1987 following a partial collapse of the then Berlin Congress Hall in 1980. The very thin roof shell is also made of lightweight concrete and, like the edge beams, has a polyurethane‐based spray‐on seal that was specially developed for this purpose as protection against the ingress of moisture. The reason why this, at the time, novel type of seal was chosen was that it should take into account the fact that the roof design urgently needed some kind of protection against moisture that had to compensate the expected changes shape and crack movements of the roof with no damage. The following article reports on the nature, scope and main results of the analysis of the condition of the roof seal, edge beams and abutments. It will also describe the repair recommendations resulting from the investigations, which form the basis of the execution of work at the present point in time. Apart from presenting the technical principles and special features of the building that have to be taken into account during any repairs, the special features of the execution will also be addressed.     

Alternative Methods of Procurement for Works of Water and Environmental Management

The paper considers methods of procurement for the construction of water- and sewage-treatment works other than the traditional use of the ICE 5th Edition Conditions of Contract and Bills of Quantities. This is as a consequence of the speed at which schemes are currently required within the water industry.
The paper particularly focuses on the use of target contracts, using the Institution of Chemical Engineers'Green Book form, and considers various types of target. It also discusses the form which tender documents may take, and how targets may be calculated.
Tendering procedures, including the use of two-stage tenders and negotiated targets, are considered, as are the procedures for cost monitoring and the financial management of the contract. Finally, the role of the engineer and quantity surveyor is considered.     

Innovative technique for identification of prestressing tendons layout in post-tensioned bridges using a probe with MEMS accelerometer

Post-tensioned concrete bridges are currently often constructed engineering structures. In this type of bridges it is crucial that geometrical layout of prestressing system complies with the design requirements. Unfortunately, major errors still occur during assembly of tendon routes. This has often negative effects. In a local aspect, it may cause a local damage, such as spalling of concrete cover. In a global aspect, prestressing may produce distribution of forces in the bridge structure different from the expected. That is why numerous methods have been developed to control the accuracy of executed tendon routs. Some of them, e.g. geodetic measurements with levelers, require direct access to tendon sheaths. Other methods, which can be used after casting of concrete (mainly NDT methods) have a series of resolution, efficiency and accessibility limitations. Hence, the paper presents a proposal of an alternative method for control of tendons routing using a special probe with Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems capacitive accelerometer. The paper presents a concept of tests performed with the probe, evaluation of the probe application in the view of a random process and finally assessment of the results obtained with the use of the constructed measurement system in trial laboratory conditions.     

A Survey of Ferruginous Minewater Impacts in the Welsh Coalfields

The aim of this study was to locate all ferruginous discharges within the Welsh coalfield areas and to assess their impact upon receiving watercourses. The project was undertaken in two stages. In the first stage, visual assessments were carried out on an area of river bed affected by iron hydroxide deposition. Chemical samples of the discharges and the receiving watercourse were analysed for a suite of physico-chemical determinands. Ninety discharges were located impacting upon 59.4 km of river, and an area of 22 ha was affected by iron hydroxide deposits.
A ranking method, incorporating the physical/chemical determinands, was developed to assess the comparative impact which discharges were having on receiving watercourses. A total of 33 of the top ranked discharges- (20 to classified watercourses and 13 to unclassified watercourses) having the highest environmental impact were selected; chemical, biological and fisheries impact assessments were then carried out on these discharges in the second stage of the project. The sites were then ranked on the basis of biological and fisheries impact. A list of the highest impacted sites was produced, and some of these were further investigated for remediation options and associated costs.     

约束受热伸长中空柱填充混凝土的耐火性能

在圆形中空柱中填充混凝土是一种很好的柱子加固方案,因为它能够增加柱子在室内和高温环境下的承载能力。然而,发生火灾时,对受热伸长的约束可能会改变其力学性能。通过对约束受热伸长中空柱进行一系列耐火试验后,得出试验结果。试验对柱子长细比﹑承载等级﹑周围结构刚度以及所占钢筋的百分比和混凝土强度等参数进行了测定。结果显示,这些柱子的极限抗火时间都小于46min。在柱子内层墙面使用混凝土环,从其性能上来讲在火灾时并没有太大优势,因为混凝土环会受到钢管过热而带来的大面积碎裂。柱子最主要的破坏方式即是整体屈曲。然而,在一些试验样本上也出现了局部屈曲。     

Reliability of composite steel bridge beams designed following AASHTO''s LFD and LRFD specifications

Composite steel beam bridges designed following AASHTO's Load Factor Design (LFD) method and the newly developed Load and Resistance Factor Design method (LRFD) are proportioned for different loading conditions. They need to satisfy these conditions at maximum design load, an overloading condition, and fatigue load. The ultimate strength of compact composite steel beams is based on the fully plastic stress distribution. The capacity of non-compact beams is based on the yield or partially-plastic moment, depending on whether the beam violates all or few of the compactness or ductility requirements. In this paper, the reliability for the ultimate flexural capacity limit state of composite steel beams is investigated. The structural reliability is measured in terms of the reliability index. The statistical data on strength are generated starting from statistics on material properties and using the Monte Carlo simulation method. Statistical data on load components are compiled from the available literature. The scope of the study covers a wide range of rolled beams, span lengths, beam spacings, and two yield strengths. The deterministic study showed that the design of composite steel beams is usually not governed by the maximum design load combination, but rather by the overloading condition. The results of the reliability study indicate non-uniformity in the safety of steel bridges that are designed by the AASHTO LFD code. This is also true for AASHTO's LRFD code since it is not calibrated for the overloading condition. The value of the reliability index is a function of the compactness classification, method of design, beam spacing, span length, and section size.     

Application of sonic and radar tests on the piers and walls of the Cathedral of Noto

The authors applied systematically sonic tests, radar tests and other diagnostic techniques on the remaining walls and piers of the Cathedral of Noto. The experimental survey was carried out by the Laboratory of the DIS, Politecnico of Milan (Person in Charge: Prof. Binda, Prof. Baronio) in collaboration with the designers (Ing. R. De Benedictis, Arch. S. Tringali) and the experts working on the reconstruction. The Prefettura of Siracusa founded the research. The right aisle and most of the dome of the Cathedral collapsed in 1996. The aim of the research was to verify the state of damage and the possibility of conservation of the walls and piers in view of the reconstruction of the damaged part of the Cathedral. Furthermore, the sonic tests were used to control the effect of grout injection used as a possible technique for repair of the damaged masonry (Proceedings of the Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation of Civil Structures and Materials, Boulder, Colorado; (1992) 329; Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Structural Faults and Repair, 3 (1995) 195). In the following the results will be reported and the reliability of the tests will be discussed as it was confirmed by the use of other complementary diagnosis techniques (Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Structural Studies, Repairs and Maintenance of Historical Buildings, STREMAH 99, Dresden, Germany, (1999) 323).     

带初始缺陷的平面钢框架的敏感性分析

给出一个门式刚架承载力的敏感性和统计性分析。阐述了包括2个单层受压柱系统的典型稳定性问题,这个系统的要素相互影响,并且结合随机的不完善性,将影响承载力。采用Sobol敏感性分析法研究相互影响的因素。Sobol敏感性分析法应用于区别主要输入的随机缺陷和它们的高阶互动效应对承载力的影响。根据试验结果,考虑了大部分缺陷。采用拉丁超立方抽样方法,实现了对初始缺陷的模拟。几何非线性解决方案提供了数值解。采用梁单元对框架实现网格划分。平面钢框架的柱分别考虑采用2种边界条件。分析了承载力设计值与柱长度系数之间的关系。