温度与加载波形对Ni3Al（B）疲劳—蠕变裂纹扩展行为的影响

在不同加载波形及温度下研究Ｎｉ３Ａｌ（Ｂ）的疲劳－蠕变裂纹扩展行为，结果表明，加载波形对高温疲劳－蠕变裂纹扩展速率及断裂行为有强烈影响，拉伸保持时间的叠加明显增加合金高温下的蠕裂纹扩展速率，与高速合金相比，Ｎｉ３Ａｌ（Ｂ）在６００和８００℃下的裂纹尖端氧脆及疲劳－蠕变交互作用更为明显，裂纺展速率随温度发生明显变化，Ｂ在高温下对Ｎｉ３Ａｌ（Ｂ）的韧化作用与温度和加载波形有关。     

共晶NiAl—9Mo合金的超塑性行为

研究了共晶 ＮｉＡｌ－９Ｍｏ合金的超塑性行为及其变形机制．该合金的微观组织由 ＮｉＡｌ以及 ＮｉＡｌ和α－Ｍｏ共晶体组成．在 １３２３－１３７３ Ｋ温度区间,以 ５.５５×１０－５－１．１１×１０－４ ｓ－１的应变速率拉伸变形时,表现出超塑性行为,最大延伸率达到 １８０％,应变速率敏感性指数达到 ０．５６．超塑性的变形机制为初生 ＮｉＡｌ基体的晶界滑动,断裂起源于超塑性变形过程中产生的孔洞．     

两种含硼Ni3Al合金的微观组织与力学性能

本文研究了两种不同硼含量Ｎｉ３Ａｌ合金的微观组织、室温拉伸及高周疲劳性能，Ｎｉ３Ａｌ（０．６ａｔ．－％Ｂ）合金为单相组织，Ｎｉ３Ａｌ（１．０ａｔ．－％Ｂ）合金中除γ相外，还有微量共晶体，虽然Ｎｉ３Ａｌ（１．０Ｂ）的拉伸强度较Ｎｉ３Ａｌ（０．６Ｂ）的高，但在相同的循环应力水平下，后者的疲劳寿命显著高于前者的，疲劳断口观察表明两种合金的疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展行为各不相同。     

定向凝固Ni3Al合金高温变形行为的研究

定向凝固（ＤＳ）Ｎｉ３Ａｌ合金在１０００至１０５０℃温区，应变速率为２．１×１０（－４）ｓ（－１）时，应变速率敏感指数ｍ大于０．３，最大延伸可达１８５％，具有超塑变形的行为待征．金相及电子显微镜观察表明：超塑变形后，原始柱状晶内有亚结构及新晶粒生成。认为ＤＳＮｉ３Ａｌ高温变形后发生了动态再结晶过程，并由此导致ＤＳＮｉ３Ａｌ合金呈现超塑现象．     

机械合金化Al－Fe－Ni亚微晶合金的性能及热稳定性

测定了机械合金化（ＭＡ）及热静液挤压工艺制备Ａｌ－４．９Ｆｅ－４．９Ｎｉ合金的室温及高温拉伸性能。采用透射电镜观察了４００～５００℃热处理后合金的微观结构。研究结果表明，合金具有较好的高温强度及热稳定性、合金强度和稳定性的改善是由于细小晶粒，以及弥散分布于基体中的Ａｌ＿３（Ｆｅ，Ｎｉ）导致的强化及对晶粒的稳定化作用。经５００℃×２０ｈ热处理后，Ａｌ＿３（Ｆｅ，Ｎｉ）金属间化合物没有明显的粗化。此外，超细晶粒（约０．１５μｍ）使合金产生加工软化，导致变形不均匀性增加，延伸率减少，经热处理后，晶粒长大，加工软化减弱。     

Ni_3Al基合金的初期氧化速率

用感量为２μｇ的Ｓｅｔａｒａｍ热天平研究了Ｎｉ３Ａｌ及Ｎｉ３Ａｌ－Ｃｒ基合金７００℃～１１００℃的初期氧化行为。Ｎｉ３Ａｌ合金在中温区（７０００℃～９００℃）的氧化,随温度升高初期氧化速率明显增加（氧化５ｍｉｎ）,８００℃及９００℃氧化０．５ｈ后试样的氧化增重低于７００℃的。在温度低于９００℃时,Ｎｉ３Ａｌ－Ｃｒ基合金的氧化增重明显小于Ｎｉ３Ａｌ基合金;高于１０００℃时,其氧化增重明显大于Ｎｉ３Ａｌ基合金的。ＥＤＳ分析表明Ｎｉ３Ａｌ－Ｃｒ基合金表面不出现纯ＮｉＯ相的氧化物区。加Ｃｒ可降低Ｎｉ３Ａｌ的晶格常数,增加原子密堆度,从而阻碍Ｎｉ原子的扩散,降低合金的氧化速率。     

大晶粒Fe_3Al基合金的超塑性

本文研究了大晶粒Ｆｅ_３Ａｌ基合金Ｆｅ—２８Ａｌ—２Ｔｉ合金的高温变形行为。发现该合金在７５０℃到９００℃应变速率为１×１０~（－３）／ｓ时以及在８５０℃一个较宽的应变速率范围内具有超塑性，最佳延伸率可超过５００％。８５０℃不同应变速率下，ｍ值可以从０．２２变化到０．４１金相及ＴＥＭ观察表明变形过程中发生了明显的动态再结晶，并由此导致了大晶粒Ｆｅ_３Ａｌ合金中的超塑性。     

溅射Ni-8Cr-3.5Al纳米晶涂层的抗高温氧化行为

对Ｎｉ－８Ｃｒ－３．５Ａｌ质量分数,％合金及其纳米晶涂层进行了１０００℃空气中高温氧化研究。结果表明：Ｎｉ－８Ｃｒ－３．５Ａｌ纳米晶涂层的抗高温氧化性能优于Ｎｉ－８Ｃｒ－３．５Ａｌ合金。这主要在于Ｎｉ－８Ｃｒ－３．５Ａｌ纳变涂层表面生成了具有分层结构含一连续α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３内层的氧化膜,而Ｎｉ－８Ｃｒ－３．５Ａｌ合金则生成了由Ｃｒ２Ｏ３内氧化物组成的氧化膜。讨论了涂层氧化膜的生成过程。     

K17F高温合金溅射微晶层的抗高温氧化行为

研究了铸态高温合金Ｋｌ７Ｆ及其溅射微晶（小于０．ｌμｍ）层的高温氧化行为．结果表明，微晶层为均匀的γ相组织，它大幅度提高铸态合金的９００至１０００℃的抗氧化性能，甚至比渗Ａｌ涂层还好在高温下，Ｋ１７Ｆ生成以Ａｌ２Ｏ３为主，含有Ｎｉ，Ｃｒ，Ｔｉ氧化物的氧化膜，它在氧化过程中易剥落，而溅射微晶层表面只生成单一的α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜，具有优异的防护性和粘附性，在５００ｈ的氧化过程中未见剥落．     

NiAl合金的高温形状记忆效应SCIEI

观察到Ｎｉ－３４．６ａｔ．－％Ａｌ薄带单程和双程形状记忆效应（ＳＭＥ），单程ＳＭＥ发生在３００℃以上并具有很好的形状恢复率（１００％）。经高温退火后合金中产生了体积分数为１６％的延性γ′－Ｎｉ_３Ａｌ沉淀相、延性和韧性有进一步改善，同时发现退火后的薄带也具有良好的单程和双程高温ＳＭＥ。结果表明富Ｎｉ的ＮｉＡｌ有可能成为新型高温形状记忆合金（ＳＭＡ）。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。