二元Al－Li合金共晶复合材料的定向生长

研究了在定向凝固条件下，在亚共晶二元Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金中获得共晶复合材料的晶体生长准则，并观察了组织形貌．结果表明，当６．５×１０~５Ｋ·ｓ·ｃｍ~（－２）≤Ｇ_Ｌ／Ｒ＜１１×１０~５Ｋ·ｓ·ｃｍ~（－２）时，晶体可以保持稳定的平面固－液界面生长，得到规则的共晶复合组织．二元Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金共晶组织中β相（ＡｌＬｉ）为棒状形貌．     

电渣重熔用CaF2＋Al2O3和CaF2＋Al2O3＋CaO系熔渣传氧的研究

利用ＺｒＯ２固体电解质氧浓差电池测定了电渣重溶用ＣａＦ２＋Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＣａＦ２＋Ａｌ２Ｏ３＋ＣａＯ系熔渣的氧渗透率，考察了熔渣成分及温度对熔渣传氧性能的影响。在１６７３－１８７３Ｋ和０．１ＭＰａ的氧气氛下，测得这两个渣系熔渣的氧渗透率分别为１×１０＾－２０－６×１０＾－１９和１×１０＾－２１－５×１０＾－１８ｍｏｌＯ２．ｃｍ＾－１．ｓ＾－１；随ＭｎＯ２，Ｆｅ２Ｏ３，Ｃｒ２Ｏ３，ＴｉＯ２，ＣａＦ２含     

大晶粒含钛Fe—36.5Al基合金的超塑性研究

通过对未加Ｔｉ及加有不同量Ｔｉ的Ｆｅ－３６．５Ａｌ基合金的高温变形行为的研究，发现加Ｔｉ的合金在９００－１０００℃，初始应变速率为２．０８×１０＾－４－８．３３×１０＾－２ｓ＾－１范围内比未加Ｔｉ的ＦｅＡｌ合金的延伸率有较大幅度提高，且应变速率敏感性指数ｍ值普遍超过０．３。     

Fe_3Al与水汽及氧气的表面反应

用ＡＥＳ及ＳＰＳ研究了Ｆｅ３Ａｌ与水汽及氧气表面反应动力学。表明二者的反应速度都很快，且都在１．５×１０－６Ｐａ·ｓ反应即开始当暴露量达１×１０－４Ｐａ·ｓ，水汽与Ｆｅ３Ａｌ反应达到稳定值，反应产物为Ａｌ２Ｏ３．Ｆｅ３Ａｌ与氧气的反应在１．５×１０－５Ｐａ·ｓ时达到稳定，此时主要是Ａｌ的氧化，当暴露量达３×１０－２Ｐａ·ｓ，Ｆｅ３Ａｌ与氧的反应达到第二阶段平衡，此时主要为Ｆｅ的氧化．上述表面反应动力学可用来圆满解释金属间化合物在不同环境气氛中的拉伸结果．     

离子注入对尼龙66机械性能的影响

用离子注入技术来提高尼龙６６的表面硬度和耐磨性。Ｃ、Ａｌ、Ｔｉ、Ｆｅ、Ｎｉ５种离子单独被注入尼龙６６、每种离子的剂量分别为２＊１０＾１５ｉｏｎｓ／ｃｍ＾２、１０＾１６ｉｏｎｓ／ｃｍ＾２、５＊１０＾１６ｉｏｎｓ／ｃｍ＾２或１０＾１７ｉｏｎｓ／ｃｍ＾２。磨损实验表明,５种离子注入后均可使尼龙６６的耐磨性提高,其中Ａｌ离子注入后改性效果最好,１０＾１７ｉｎｏｓ／ｃｍ＾２Ａｌ离子注入后尼龙６６的耐磨性提高     

Ti—24Al—14Nb—3V—0.5Mo合金的超塑性

研究了温度及应变速率对Ｔｉ－２４Ａｌ－１４Ｎｂ－３Ｖ－０．５Ｍｏ（ａｔ－％）合金超塑性能的影响。试验结果表明，在９８０℃，３．５×１０＾－＾４ｓ＾－＾１的最佳超塑变形条件下，合金显示出较高的超塑性；应变速率敏感性指数ｍ为０．６９，拉伸延伸率Ｅｌ．为８１８％。根据其细小的α２＋β０两相组织和等温拉伸的试验方法，确定合金的超塑性属于细晶组织超塑性。在超塑变形过程中，合金无空洞产生，显微组织发生动态粗化     

共晶NiAl—9Mo合金的超塑性行为

研究了共晶 ＮｉＡｌ－９Ｍｏ合金的超塑性行为及其变形机制．该合金的微观组织由 ＮｉＡｌ以及 ＮｉＡｌ和α－Ｍｏ共晶体组成．在 １３２３－１３７３ Ｋ温度区间,以 ５.５５×１０－５－１．１１×１０－４ ｓ－１的应变速率拉伸变形时,表现出超塑性行为,最大延伸率达到 １８０％,应变速率敏感性指数达到 ０．５６．超塑性的变形机制为初生 ＮｉＡｌ基体的晶界滑动,断裂起源于超塑性变形过程中产生的孔洞．     

伯胺N1923和三苯基氧化膦萃取Au（III）

在１９８±１Ｋ下，于恒温搅拌池中考察了伯胺Ｎ１９２３和三苯基氧化膦两个一元萃取剂体系和二元萃取剂体系从盐酸介质萃取ＡｕＣＬ＾－４的平衡，得协同萃取反应为ＲＮＨ３Ｃｌ．２ＴＰｈＰＯ（０）＋ＡｕＣｌ４－Ｋｅｘ，ｓＡＵＣｌ４ＲＮＨ３．２ＴＰｈＰＯＩ（０）＋Ｃｌ－协萃常数Ｄｅｘ，ｓ＝６．６１×１０＾３。     

Fe—5Ni合金奥氏体高温变形行为

在温度９７３－１３７３Ｋ，形变速率２×１０＾－５－１．５×１０＾－２ｓ＾－１的试验条件下，研究了Ｆｅ－５Ｎｉ合金奥氏体的高温拉伸变形行为。结果表明：高温变形时峰值应力σｐ与温度Ｔ和形变ε之间符合五式关系：Ｚ＝εｅｘｐ（Ｑ／ＲＴ）＝Ａ（ｓｉｎｈ（ασｐ））＾ｍ。高应变速率区的激活能Ｑ为３１４ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，与Ｆｅ的自扩散激活能Ｑｓｄ相当，变形由空位扩散所控制；而低应变速率区的Ｑ为２０２ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，约     

离子注入Ce对Fe—23Cr—5Al合金上AI2O3膜生长应力的影响

利用双面氧化弯曲方法原位测量了Ｆｅ－２３Ｃｒ－５Ａｌ合金空气中氧化形成的ＡＩ２Ｏ３膜平均生长应力。ＡＩ２Ｏ３膜内存在压应力。９００℃下氧化２０ｈ,膜内应力从３．５降低到２ＧＰａ,１０００℃下氧化１０ｈ,膜内应力从０．８降低到０．４ＧＰａ,合金表面离子注入１×１０＾１７Ｃｅ＾＋／ｃｍ＾２,增大了ＡＩ２Ｏ３膜的生长应力,其原因是添加稀土促进膜的横向生长,离子注入Ｃｅ同时增大了合金的氧化速率,促进了ＡＩ     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.